Random distributed feedback fiber laser pumped by an ytterbium doped fiber laser

A random distributed feedback fiber laser operating at 1115 nm has been demonstrated experimentally in standard communication optical fibers by using a LD-pumped Yb-doped fiber laser as the pump source. We have studied the effect of different fiber spans on this new type of random fiber laser output power. It is shown that the generation power is the highest up to 198 mW in a 50 km fiber span. The slope efficiency is more than 28.7%. Stable, high-power continuous-wave (CW) lasing can be generated when the pump power is 3.6 W. The threshold power has also been calculated which well proves a random fiber laser operating via Rayleigh scattering, amplified through the Raman scattering.     

高频调制大功率窄线宽分布反馈光纤激光器

研制了一种窄线宽光纤激光器.在有源相移光栅后加一段掺铒光纤,当用980 nm抽运光注入时,首先形成了分布反馈(DFB)光纤激光器,而残余抽运光将铒纤中铒离子从基态抽运到了激发态,对DFB激光实现了有效放大,实现了对残余抽运光的充分利用,节省了功耗、降低了成本;同时利用温控技术克服了DFB光纤激光器的温度敏感问题;将相移光栅黏贴于片状压电陶瓷(PZT)的表面实现了高频调制.实验研制的激光器的最高调制频率为2 kHz、输出功率为15.6 dBm,线宽为300 kHz. 关键词： 分布反馈光纤激光器 窄线宽 大功率 高频调制     

基于增强瑞利反馈的单模窄线宽随机激光器

仿真说明了单模光纤(SMF)中瑞利散射(RS)的机理, 指出纤芯掺杂的不均匀性以及拉丝过程引起的光纤几何尺寸的随机变化是光纤中RS产生的主要原因, 并以此为基础制作了损耗为0.54 dB/km的散射光纤. 在通信波段, 5 km该散射光纤的瑞利背向散射(RBS)强度高于相同长度的SMF-28近5 dB. 在基于RBS单模随机激光器的数值模拟中, 大量的具有随机幅度和相位的纵模在经历不平坦增益的多次放大之后, 只有在增益最大点附近的模式能够克服损耗成为输出模式. 实验中以掺铒光纤作为增益介质, 500 m散射光纤提供随机反馈, 窄带布拉格光纤光栅(FBG)作为波长选择器件, 得到线宽约3.5 kHz、对比度近50 dB的单模激光输出. 与采用相同长度SMF-28的随机激光器相比, 其阈值电流降低了80 mA, 相同抽运条件下的最大输出功率提高了3 dBm. 该单模窄线宽随机激光器的输出波长的调谐特性仅由FBG的中心波长决定.     

分布反馈式光纤激光器线宽特性及其展宽机理研究

针对分布反馈式光纤激光器(DFB-FL)线宽特性进行了深入研究.通过理论推导和实验验证, 分析了自脉动、相 移光栅、激射窗口宽度以及外界环境扰动等因素对DFB-FL线宽的展宽作用. 进一步提出了压缩DFB-FL线宽的有效方法和途径,给出了自注入锁模方式下对DFB-FL线宽压缩的对比实验结果, 将DFB-FL的线宽从35 kHz压缩到了10 kHz.     

高功率双包层光纤激光器受激拉曼散射和热效应的理论研究

受激拉曼散射和热效应会限制光纤激光器功率的提高。利用高功率光纤激光器的速率方程和热传导方程,理论研究了双端泵浦和分布泵浦下双包层光纤激光器的受激拉曼散射和热效应,得到了光纤中的泵浦光、激光和斯托克斯光的功率分布,光纤激光器的输出特性以及光纤中的温度分布。分析表明,当泵浦功率增大到一定值时,光纤激光器中出现SRS,一部分激光功率会转移给斯托克斯光,影响激光功率进一步提高;与双端泵浦方式相比,分布泵浦下光纤激光器的斜率效率和最大输出功率相差不大,但是,光纤中的温度分布被有效地降低,因此,分布泵浦方式更为有效。     

Frequency tunability and temporal characteristics of a DAMC distributed feedback dye laser

The frequency tunablity characteristics of a simple prism configuration distributed feedback dye laser (DFDL) pumped by a low pressure nitrogen gas laser are described. Tunability is studied as a function of the refractive index of the dye solution and also as a function of the angle of the interfering beams of the pump laser. The tunability range for the dye studied is from 440 to 480 nm with a spectral width of 0·1 Å and the time duration of the DFDL pulses was 50 ps.     

高功率窄线宽光纤激光器的研究进展

近年来,光纤激光器得到了快速发展,且逐步应用于多个领域,功率的进一步提升仍然是光纤激光器的研究热点,光束合成是实现功率提升的重要手段,光束合成要求子光束为窄线宽光纤激光器,因此窄线宽光纤激光器的研究对光束合成功率的提升有重要意义。本文对窄线宽高功率光纤激光器的发展和研究现状进行了详细的介绍,并基于目前的研究现状分析了其发展的主要限制因素,并展望了未来的发展趋势。     

1.06 kW 13 GHz线宽全光纤激光器

分析了高功率光纤激光器中受激布里渊散射（SBS）效应的抑制方法。研究表明,利用宽带噪声源高速相位调制展宽光谱的方法对于抑制SBS十分有效,可实现kW级用于光谱组束的数10 GHz高功率光纤激光子束。通过理论计算线宽与SBS阈值的关系,并分析噪声相位调制各参数对SBS阈值提升的影响,优化了光纤激光器设计参数。通过宽带噪声高速相位调制的方法,展宽单频种子源线宽至13 GHz,通过两级预放大至10 W后,使用20/400 m掺Yb光纤最终实现了中心波长1064 nm、线宽13 GHz、最高功率1.06 kW的激光输出,光束质量M2＜1.2,光-光转换效率86%,实验过程未观测到模式不稳定性现象。进一步扩宽噪声源频带,加大调制深度,有望实现更高功率的窄线宽光纤激光输出。     

Efficient Raman frequency conversion of high‐power fiber lasers in diamond

We report high‐power frequency conversion of a Yb‐doped fiber laser using a double‐pass pumped external‐cavity diamond Raman oscillator. Pumping with circular polarization is shown to be efficient while facilitating high‐power optical isolation between the pump and Raman laser. We achieved continuous‐wave average power of 154 W with a conversion efficiency of 50.5% limited by backward‐amplified light in the fiber laser. In order to prove further scalability, we achieved a maximum steady‐state Raman‐shifted output of 381 W with 61% conversion efficiency and excellent beam quality using 10 ms pump pulses, approximately a thousand times longer than the transient thermal time‐constant. No power saturation or degradation in beam quality is observed. The results challenge the present understanding of heat deposition in Raman crystals and foreshadow prospects for reduced thermal effects in diamond than originally anticipated. We also report the first experimental evidence for stimulated Brillouin scattering in diamond.

     

Shielded method for fabricating the long-length phase-shifted distributed feedback fiber lasers

The successful fabrication of phase-shifted distributed feedback (DFB) fiber lasers is very difficult for a long time. The paper introduced the shielded method for fabricating the long-length phase-shifted DFB fiber lasers. The method is simple, convenient, effective and efficient for it can be finished one-off.     

高功率光纤激光受激拉曼散射效应研究新进展北大核心CSCD

由于具有高品质、高效率、高鲁棒性、结构紧凑等优点,光纤激光系统在近20年飞速发展,并得到广泛应用。然而发展至今,依旧存在着一些因素(如非线性效应、热效应、模式不稳定性等)限制着光纤激光系统功率的进一步提升。作为其中的一种主要限制因素,受激拉曼散射效应不仅降低了光纤激光器的输出效率,后向斯托克斯光还会提高系统的损毁风险。最近的研究结果表明,少模光纤中受激拉曼散射在引起模式不稳定性的同时,还会导致准静态的模式退化。因此,需要发展有效的拉曼抑制手段来突破现有瓶颈,促进高功率高光束质量光纤激光发展。在介绍高功率少模光纤激光中受激拉曼散射效应新表征的同时,从高功率光纤激光系统整体优化角度出发,总结整理了相关抑制技术研究新进展,并展望未来可能的研究方向。     

Random‐access distributed fiber sensing

Optical sensing offers an attractive solution to the societal concern for prevention of natural and human‐generated threats and for efficient use of natural resources. The unprecedented properties of optical fibers make them ideal for implementing a ‘nervous system’ in structural health monitoring: they are small, low‐cost and electrically and chemically inert. In particular, the nonlinear interaction of stimulated Brillouin scattering allows for the distributed measurement of strain and temperature with tens of km range. In this work, a novel, radar‐inspired technique for random‐access Brillouin scattering‐based sensors is shown, making a significant step towards a real optical sensing nerve. The method selectively addresses each fiber segment as a distinct sensing element in a synaptic neuronal system. The measurement principle relies on phase‐coding of both the Brillouin pump and signal waves by a high‐rate, pseudo‐random bit sequence. Temperature measurements with 1 cm resolution are reported. The measurement range is scalable to several km.     

高功率光子晶体光纤激光器实验研究

 从光纤热传导方程出发,研究了不同泵浦光吸收系数对光纤激光器沿光纤长度方向温度分布的影响。结果表明,低吸收系数光纤泵浦端温度相对较低,分布较为平缓,有效减缓光纤的热损伤。根据理论分析结果,实验中选择了吸收系数为1.45 dB/m的掺Yb³⁺双包层光子晶体光纤作为增益介质,在泵浦光功率为560 W时,获得了428.5 W的高功率单模连续输出,斜率效率为76.5%,光束质量因子M²<1.2。由于泵浦端光纤温度较高,实验中对光纤两端进行了主动冷却,并且在离光纤端面约25 cm处的光纤表面温度进行实时测量,结果发现随着泵浦光功率的增加,光纤表面温度均匀增长,最高温度为310 K,温度正常。     

后向泵浦高功率掺镱光纤放大器的非弹性散射效应

 在考虑受激布里渊散射和受激喇曼散射效应的基础上,数值求解了双包层掺镱光纤放大器的速率-传输方程,分析了后向泵浦高功率掺镱光纤放大器在不同信号光线宽、光纤长度和纤芯直径下的输出特性,研究了受激布里渊散射和受激喇曼散射的抑制条件。计算结果表明:在后向泵浦方式下,若掺镱光纤长度小于0.68 m,纤芯直径大于26 μm,信号光线宽大于0.04 nm,则放大过程中的受激布里渊散射和受激喇曼散射能同时得到有效抑制。     

Single‐mode distributed feedback laser operation with no dependence on the morphology of the gain medium

Organic distributed feedback (DFB) lasers can be useful photonic tools for biological applications where the roles of organic materials are important, because highly coherent single mode emission with broad tuning range can be obtained. However, the formulaic structures of organic lasers, and the uses of gain media as resonators themselves, are not suitable for inducing laser emission from irregular shaped gain media, such as dye‐staining cells and tissues. Here, we report a reusable photonic template comprising an exceedingly thin and discrete titanium dioxide (TiO₂) layer on a one‐dimensional (1D) quartz grating to induce single mode DFB lasing from a variety of states of optical gain media. Using the same template, the external gain media of optically thick and thin casted film, liquid, and a free‐standing thick film reveal single mode lasing with reliable performance. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the 25‐nm thick TiO₂ disconnected grating lines support a spatially confined DFB mode in the vertical direction, even under no index difference between superstrate and substrate. Additionally, not using the typical waveguide gain layer promises high sensitivity and detection limit in refractometric sensing. These results suggest that the photonic structure may serve as a versatile sensing platform for bioapplications.     

分布式反馈激光器模拟控温检测系统研制

温度对分布式反馈(DFB)激光器的性能指标和工作寿命有着重要影响。针对宽温度范围下的激光器应用,分析了激光器温控系统的研究现状及趋势,给出了温控系统的设计原理,采用线性驱动与PID闭环控制方法,应用模拟器件,研制了一种DFB激光器的模拟控温检测系统,并利用该系统对1550 nm的DFB激光器进行了试验验证。结果表明,系统在−55 ℃～70 ℃的全温度范围下,保持长时间工作（≥2 h）,激光器的工作状态稳定,中心波长未出现漂移。系统的温度控制精度随着工作环境温度的范围不同而有所差异,在室温环境下可达到±0.02 ℃,在全温范围内控制精度在±0.8 ℃以内,跟踪误差小于±0.5 dB。与传统的激光器温控系统相比,本系统工作温度范围宽、控制精度高,且体积小、成本低、简单可靠,对于温度环境要求较为严苛的DFB激光器应用场景,具有重要的工程实践意义。     

高功率光子晶体光纤激光器实验研究

从光纤热传导方程出发,研究了不同泵浦光吸收系数对光纤激光器沿光纤长度方向温度分布的影响。结果表明,低吸收系数光纤泵浦端温度相对较低,分布较为平缓,有效减缓光纤的热损伤。根据理论分析结果,实验中选择了吸收系数为1.45 dB/m的掺Yb3+双包层光子晶体光纤作为增益介质,在泵浦光功率为560 W时,获得了428.5 W的高功率单模连续输出,斜率效率为76.5%,光束质量因子M2<1.2。由于泵浦端光纤温度较高,实验中对光纤两端进行了主动冷却,并且在离光纤端面约25 cm处的光纤表面温度进行实时测量,结果发现随着泵浦光功率的增加,光纤表面温度均匀增长,最高温度为310 K,温度正常。     

高功率双包层光纤激光器受激拉曼散射和热效应的理论研究

 受激拉曼散射和热效应会限制光纤激光器功率的提高。利用高功率光纤激光器的速率方程和热传导方程,理论研究了双端泵浦和分布泵浦下双包层光纤激光器的受激拉曼散射和热效应,得到了光纤中的泵浦光、激光和斯托克斯光的功率分布,光纤激光器的输出特性以及光纤中的温度分布。分析表明,当泵浦功率增大到一定值时,光纤激光器中出现SRS,一部分激光功率会转移给斯托克斯光,影响激光功率进一步提高;与双端泵浦方式相比,分布泵浦下光纤激光器的斜率效率和最大输出功率相差不大,但是,光纤中的温度分布被有效地降低,因此,分布泵浦方式更为有效。     

Influence of the UV-induced fiber loss on the distributed feedback fiber lasers

It was found that the output power of the distributed feedback fiber lasers would be improved after annealing or left unused for several days after the laser had been fabricated, and the output of the fundamental mode would not increase but be clamped while the ±1 order modes would be predominant with the enhancement of the coupling coefficient during the fabrication. The paper discussed the influence of UV-induced fiber loss on the fiber phase-shifted DFB lasers. Due to the gain saturation and fiber internal loss, which included the temperament loss and permanent loss, there was an optimum coupling coefficient for the DFB fiber lasers that the higher internal fiber loss corresponded to the lower optimum values of coupling coefficient.     

分布式反馈激光器动态扫描光纤布拉格光栅波长解调系统

通过对该系统采集到的法布里-珀罗(F-P)标准具透射谱和光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器反射谱进行寻峰算法以及拟合算法的研究,采用C语言编程和LabVIEW编程相结合的方式,实现了FBG波长信号的解调。其中,由于系统采集到的F-P透射谱和FBG反射谱线时域信号数据都由离散点构成, 且在3 dB带宽内均符合高斯曲线分布,采用高斯拟合对采集到的信号数据进行寻峰处理,提高系统精度;又由于分布式反馈(DFB)激光器的波长扫描存在着一定的非线性,采用二项式拟合对DFB激光器的波长扫描曲线进行拟合,以降低其非线性导致的误差。另外,设置一路标准FBG传感通道用于波长校准。实验研究表明该系统稳定性良好,波长测量范围为1 550.012~1 554.812 nm,分辨力为1 pm,精度为10 pm,验证了该系统可用于FBG波长信号检测的可行性。