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1.
The non‐controlled redox‐active metal ions, especially copper, in the brain of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) should be considered at the origin of the intense oxidative damage in the AD brain. Several bis(8‐aminoquinoline) ligands, such as 1 and PA1637, are able to chelate Cu2+ with high affinity, and are specific chelators of copper with respect to iron and zinc. They are able to efficiently extract Cu2+ from a metal‐loaded amyloid. In addition, these tetradentate ligands are specific for the chelation of Cu2+ compared with Cu+. Consequently, the copper ion is easily released from the bis(8‐aminoquinoline) ligand under reductive conditions, and can be trapped again by a protein having some affinity for copper such as human serum albumin (HSA) proteins. In addition, the copper is not efficiently released from [Cu(CQ)2] in reductive conditions. The catalytic production of H2O2 by [Cu2+‐Aβ1?28]/ascorbate is inhibited in vitro by the bis(8‐aminoquinoline) 1 , suggesting that 1 should be able to play a protective role against oxidative damages induced by copper‐loaded amyloids.  相似文献   

2.
Aggregated β‐amyloid (Aβ) is widely considered as a key factor in triggering progressive loss of neuronal function in Alzheimer's disease (AD), so targeting and inhibiting Aβ aggregation has been broadly recognized as an efficient therapeutic strategy for curing AD. Herein, we designed and prepared an organic platinum‐substituted polyoxometalate, (Me4N)3[PW11O40(SiC3H6NH2)2PtCl2] (abbreviated as PtII‐PW11) for inhibiting Aβ42 aggregation. The mechanism of inhibition on Aβ42 aggregation by PtII‐PW11 was attributed to the multiple interactions of PtII‐PW11 with Aβ42 including coordination interaction of Pt2+ in PtII‐PW11 with amino group in Aβ42, electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding and van der Waals force. In cell‐based assay, PtII‐PW11 displayed remarkable neuroprotective effect for Aβ42 aggregation‐induced cytotoxicity, leading to increase of cell viability from 49 % to 67 % at a dosage of 8 μm . More importantly, the PtII‐PW11 greatly reduced Aβ deposition and rescued memory loss in APP/PS1 transgenic AD model mice without noticeable cytotoxicity, demonstrating its potential as drugs for AD treatment.  相似文献   

3.
《中国化学》2017,35(9):1349-1365
Transition‐metal catalyzed oxidation reactions are central components of organic chemistry. On behalf of green and sustainable chemistry, molecular oxygen (O2) has been considered as an ideal oxidant due to its natural, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly characters, and therefore offers attractive academic and industrial prospects. In recent years, some powerful organic oxidation methods have been continuously developed. Among them, the use of molecular oxygen (O2) as a green and sustainable oxidant has attracted considerable attentions. However, the development of new transition metal‐catalyzed protocols using O2 as an ideal oxidant is highly desirable but very challenging because of the low standard electrode potential of O2 to reoxidize the transition‐metal catalysts. In this Account, we highlight some of our progress toward the use of transition‐metal catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions. Through the careful selection of ligand and the acidic additives, we have successfully realized the reoxidation of Cu, Pd, Mn, Fe, Ru, Rh, and bimetallic catalysts under O2 or air atmosphere (1 atm) for the oxidative coupling, oxygenation reactions, oxidative C‐H/C‐C bond cleavage, oxidative annulation, and olefins difunctionalization reactions. Most of the reactions can tolerate a range of functional groups. These methods provide new strategies for the green synthesis of alkynes, (α ‐keto)amides/esters, ketones/diones, O/N‐heterocycles, β ‐azido alcohols, and nitriles. The high efficiency, low cost, and simple operation under air make these methodologies very attractive and practical. We will also discuss the mechanisms of these reactions which might be useful to promote the new type of aerobic oxidative reaction design.  相似文献   

4.
Overproduction of superoxide anion (O2.?), the primary cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), is implicated in various human diseases. To reduce cellular oxidative stress caused by overproduction of superoxide, we developed a compound that reacts with O2.? to release a persulfide (RSSH), a type of reactive sulfur species related to the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Termed SOPD‐NAC , this persulfide donor reacts specifically with O2.?, decomposing to generate N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) persulfide. To enhance persulfide delivery to cells, we conjugated the SOPD motif to a short, self‐assembling peptide (Bz‐CFFE‐NH2) to make a superoxide‐responsive, persulfide‐donating peptide ( SOPD‐Pep ). Both SOPD‐NAC and SOPD‐Pep delivered persulfides/H2S to H9C2 cardiomyocytes and lowered ROS levels as confirmed by quantitative in vitro fluorescence imaging studies. Additional in vitro studies on RAW 264.7 macrophages showed that SOPD‐Pep mitigated toxicity induced by phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) more effectively than SOPD‐NAC and several control compounds, including common H2S donors.  相似文献   

5.
Through utilizing the flexible bis(triazole) ligand 1, 6‐bis(1, 2, 4‐triazol‐1‐yl)hexane (btx), a new octamolybdate‐based compound, [Cu2(btx)4(β‐Mo8O26)] · H2O ( 1 ), was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. It was characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and cyclic voltammetry. In compound 1 , the [β‐Mo8O26]4– anion acts as a bi‐connected inorganic linkage to connect the Cu‐btx moieties. The Cu1‐btx moiety linked by the [β‐Mo8O26]4– anions exhibits a 2D layer, while the Cu2‐btx moiety also shows a similar 2D layer. Furthermore, these two 2D moieties construct a 3D framework through sharing the same N7‐containing btx ligands.  相似文献   

6.
The title compound, (C3H5N2)4[β‐Mo8O26], has been prepared from imidazole octamolybdate, (C3H5N2)4[(C3H4N2)2(γ‐Mo8O26)], which was described previously. The γ→β conversion is produced in the presence of Cu(NO3)2·3H2O and is reported for the first time in this work. The X‐ray structure analysis confirmed the presence of the [Mo8O26]4? anion. The structure consists of β‐Mo8O26 polyanions and imidazolium cations. These cations are linked to the terminal and bridging O atoms of the anion by hydrogen bonds.  相似文献   

7.
The title compound, alternatively called 24‐nor‐5β‐chol‐22‐ene‐3β,7α,12α‐triyl triformate, C26H38O6, has a cis junction between two of the six‐membered rings. All three of the six‐membered rings have chair conformations that are slightly flattened and the five‐membered ring has a 13β,14α‐half‐chair conformation. The 3β, 7α and 12α ring substituents are axial and the 17β group is equatorial. The 3β‐formyl­oxy group is involved in one weak intermol­ecular C—H⋯O bond, which links the mol­ecules into dimers in a head‐to‐head fashion.  相似文献   

8.
A series of KF/Al2O3 catalyzed Michael-addition reactions between malononitrile and α,β-unsaturated cycloketones in DMF solution were studied. At room temperature, 2-cyano-3-aryl-3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-one-2-yl) propionitrile derivatives were synthesized by the reaction between 2-arylmethylidene-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydronaphthalen-1-one and malononitrile. However, if the temperature was increased to 80℃, 2-amino-3-cyano-4-aryl-4H-benzo[h]chromene derivatives were obtained in high yields. When the α,β-unsaturated ketones were replaced by 2,6-biarylmethylidenecyclohexanone or 2,5-biarylmethylidenecyclopentanone, another series of 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-pyran derivatives was isolated successfully. The structures of the products were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis.  相似文献   

9.
Anthraquinone (AQ) redox mediators are introduced to metal‐free organic dye sensitized photo‐electrochemical cells (DSPECs) for the generation of H2O2. Instead of directly reducing O2 to produce H2O2, visible‐light‐driven AQ reduction occurs in the DSPEC and the following autooxidation with O2 allows H2O2 accumulation and AQ regeneration. In an aqueous electrolyte, under 1 sun conditions, a water‐soluble AQ salt is employed with the highest photocurrent of up to 0.4 mA cm?2 and near‐quantitative faradaic efficiency for producing H2O2. In a non‐aqueous electrolyte, under 1 sun illumination, an organic‐soluble AQ is applied and the photocurrent reaches 1.8 mA cm?2 with faradaic efficiency up to 95 % for H2O2 production. This AQ‐relay DSPEC exhibits the highest photocurrent so far in non‐aqueous electrolytes for H2O2 production and excellent acid stability in aqueous electrolytes, thus providing a practical and efficient strategy for visible‐light‐driven H2O2 production.  相似文献   

10.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive severe neurodegenerative disorder, is currently incurable, despite intensive efforts worldwide. Herein, we demonstrate that catalytic oxygenation of amyloid‐β peptides (Aβ) might be an effective approach to treat AD. Aβ1–42 was oxygenated under physiologically‐relevant conditions (pH 7.4, 37 °C) using a riboflavin catalyst and visible light irradiation, with modifications at the Tyr10, His13, His14, and Met35 residues. The oxygenated Aβ1–42 exhibited considerably lower aggregation potency and neurotoxicity compared with native Aβ. Photooxygenation of Aβ can be performed even in the presence of cells, by using a selective flavin catalyst attached to an Aβ‐binding peptide; the Aβ cytotoxicity was attenuated in this case as well. Furthermore, oxygenated Aβ1–42 inhibited the aggregation and cytotoxicity of native Aβ.  相似文献   

11.
Oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) to rhodamine 123 (RH) by oxoperoxonitrite (ONOO?), formed through recombination of NO and O2.? radicals resulting from thermal decomposition of 3‐morpholinosydnonimine (SIN‐1) in buffered aerated aqueous solution at pH 7.6, represents a kinetic model system of the reactivity of NO and O2.? in biochemical systems. A magnetic‐field effect (MFE) on the yield of RH detected in this system is explored in the full range of fields between 0 and 18 T. It is found to increase in a nearly linear fashion up to a value of 5.5±1.6 % at 18 T and 23 °C (3.1±0.7 % at 40 °C). A theoretical framework to analyze the MFE in terms of the magnetic‐field‐enhanced recombination rate constant krec of NO and O2.? due to magnetic mixing of T0 and S spin states of the radical pair by the Δg mechanism is developed, including estimation of magnetic properties (g tensor and spin relaxation times) of NO and O2.? in aqueous solution, and calculation of the MFE on krec using the theoretical formalism of Gorelik at al. The factor with which the MFE on krec is translated to the MFE on the yield of ONOO? and RH is derived for various kinetic scenarios representing possible sink channels for NO and O2.?. With reasonable assumptions for the values of some unknown kinetic parameters, the theoretical predictions account well for the observed MFE.  相似文献   

12.
On the Crystal Structures of the Transition‐Metal(II) Dodecahydro‐closo‐Dodecaborate Hydrates Cu(H2O)5.5[B12H12]·2.5 H2O and Zn(H2O)6[B12H12]·6 H2O By neutralization of an aqueous solution of the free acid (H3O)2[B12H12] with basic copper(II) carbonate or zinc carbonate, blue lath‐shaped single crystals of the octahydrate Cu[B12H12]·8 H2O (≡ Cu(H2O)5.5[B12H12]·2.5 H2O) and colourless face‐rich single crystals of the dodecahydrate Zn[B12H12]·12 H2O (≡ Zn(H2O)6[B12H12]·6 H2O) could be isolated after isothermic evaporation. Copper(II) dodecahydro‐closo‐dodecaborate octahydrate crystallizes at room temperature in the monoclinic system with the non‐centrosymmetric space group Pm (Cu(H2O)5.5[B12H12]·2.5 H2O: a = 768.23(5), b = 1434.48(9), c = 777.31(5) pm, β = 90.894(6)°; Z = 2), whereas zinc dodecahydro‐closo‐dodecaborate dodecahydrate crystallizes cubic in the likewise non‐centrosymmetric space group F23 (Zn(H2O)6[B12H12]·6 H2O: a = 1637.43(9) pm; Z = 8). The crystal structure of Cu(H2O)5.5[B12H12]·2.5 H2O can be described as a monoclinic distortion variant of the CsCl‐type arrangement. As characteristic feature the formation of isolated [Cu2(H2O)11]4+ units as a condensate of two corner‐linked Jahn‐Teller distorted [Cu(H2O)6]2+ octahedra via an oxygen atom of crystal water can be considered. Since “zeolitic” water of hydratation is also present, obviously both classical H–Oδ?···H–O and non‐classical B–Hδ?···H–O hydrogen bonds play a significant role for the stabilization of the structure. A direct coordinative influence of the quasi‐icosahedral [B12H12]2? anions on the Cu2+ cations has not been determined. The zinc compound Zn(H2O)6[B12H12]·6 H2O crystallizes in a NaTl‐type related structure. Two crystallographically different [Zn(H2O)6]2+ octahedra are present, which only differ in their relative orientation within the packing of the [B12H12]2? anions. The stabilization of the crystal structure takes place mainly via H–Oδ?···H–O hydrogen bonds, since again the hydrogen atoms of the [B12H12]2? anions have no direct coordinative influence on the Zn2+ cations.  相似文献   

13.
Reaction of CuCl2 · 2H2O, phenanthroline, maleic acid and NaOH in CH3OH/H2O (1:1 v/v) at pH = 7.0 yielded blue {[Cu(phen)]2(C4H2O4)2} · 4.5H2O, which crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c (no. 15) with cell dimensions: a = 18.127(2)Å, b = 12.482(2)Å, c = 14.602(2)Å, β = 103.43(1)°, U = 3213.5(8)Å3, Z = 4. The crystal structure consists of the centrosymmetric dinuclear {[Cu(phen)]2(C4H2O4)2} complex molecules and hydrogen bonded H2O molecules. The Cu atoms are each square‐pyramidally coordinated by two N atoms of one phen ligand and three carboxyl O atoms of two maleato ligands with one carboxyl O atom at the apical position (d(Cu‐N) = 2.008, 2.012Å, equatorial d(Cu‐O) = 1.933, 1.969Å, axial d(Cu‐O) = 2.306Å). Two square‐pyramids are condensed via two apical carboxyl O atoms with a relatively larger Cu···Cu separation of 3.346(1)Å. The dinuclear complex molecules are assembled via the intermolecular π—π stacking interactions into 1D ribbons. Crossover of the resulting ribbons via interribbon π—π stacking interactions forms a 3D network with the tunnels occupied by H2O molecules. The title complex behaves paramagnetically between 5—300 K, following the Curie‐Weiss law χm(T—θ) = 0.435 cm3 · mol—1 · K with θ = 1.59 K.  相似文献   

14.
The cycloadducts of isoquinolinium N‐phenyl imide 2 with C=C bonds are derivatives of 2‐amino‐1,2‐dihydroisoquinoline. Their Nβ‐vinylphenylhydrazine system is amenable to an acid‐catalyzed [3,3]‐sigmatropic shift; the formation of pentacyclic aminals is exemplified by 6 → 8 . The dimethyl maleate adduct 11 , C21H20N2O4, is exceptional by being converted on treatment with acid to bright‐yellow crystals, C24H22N2O6 (additional C3H2O2). X‐Ray crystal‐structure analysis and NMR spectra reveal structure 13 , and mechanistic studies indicated an initial β‐elimination at the N−N bond of 11 to yield 18 ; this step is followed by a retro‐Mannich‐type cleavage that gives methyl isoquinoline‐1‐acetate ( 14 ) and methyl 2‐(phenylimino)acetate ( 15 ), according to the sequence C21H20N2O4 ( 11 )→ 18 →C12H11NO2 ( 14 )+C9H9NO2 ( 15 ). In the second act of the drama, electrophilic attack by 15 ‐H+ on the ene‐hydrazine group of a second molecule of 11 furnishes 13 by a polystep intramolecular redox reaction. All rate constants must be fine‐tuned in this reaction cascade to give 13 in yields of up to 78% with an overall stoichiometry: 2 C21H20N2O4 ( 11 )→C24H22N2O6 ( 13 )+C12H11NO2 ( 14 )+aniline. Interception and model experiments confirmed the above pathway. A by‐product, C33H31N3O6 ( 62 ), arises from an acid‐catalyzed dimerization of 11 and subsequent elimination of 15 .  相似文献   

15.
The title compound {systematic name: tetra­kis(μ‐3,5‐dinitro­benzoato‐κ2O:O′)bis­[(3,7‐dihydro‐1,3,7‐trimethyl‐1H‐purine‐2,6‐dione‐κO2)copper(II)]}, [Cu2(C7H3N2O6)4(C8H10N4O2)2], consists of paddle‐wheel dimeric tetra­kis(μ‐3,5‐dinitro­benzoato‐κ2O:O′)dicopper(II) units with O‐coordinated caffeine mol­ecules in both apical positions. The entire dimeric mol­ecule lies on a tetra­gonal inversion axis, and thus one nitro­benzoate anion with one Cu atom in a special position belong to the independent part of the mol­ecule. The caffeine ligand bonded to the Cu atom is disordered on a local twofold non‐crystallographic axis coincident with the axis. A π–π stacking inter­action is observed between the caffeine rings and adjacent symmetry‐related benzene rings of the 3,5‐dinitro­benzoate anions.  相似文献   

16.
A new metal‐oxo cluster supported transition metal complex, [Cu(en)2(H2O)]2[Cu(en)2]0.5[MoVI8VIV6VVO42{Cu(en)2}], has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Its structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group (No. 2), a = 12.245(5), b = 12.669(5), c = 20.949(8) Å, α = 77.120(13), β = 78.107(17), γ = 65.560(14)°, V = 2860(2) Å3, Z = 2. The metal‐oxo cluster contains a novel bicapped a‐Keggin structure unit and a [Cu(en)2]2+ unit covalently bonded to the [Mo8V7O42]7? cluster.  相似文献   

17.
The title complexes, catena‐poly[[aqua(1,10‐phenanthroline‐κ2N,N′)­cobalt(II)]‐μ‐benzene‐1,4‐di­carboxyl­ato‐κ2O1:O4], [Co(C8H4O4)(C12H8N2)(H2O)], (I), and catena‐poly[[[(di‐2‐pyridyl‐κN‐amine)copper(II)]‐μ‐benzene‐1,4‐di­carboxyl­ato‐κ4O1,O1′:O4,O4′] hydrate], [Cu(C8H4O4)(C10H9N3)]·H2O, (II), take the form of zigzag chains, with the 1,4‐benzene­di­carboxyl­ate ion acting as an amphimonodentate ligand in (I) and a bis‐bidentate ligand in (II). The CoII ion in (I) is five‐coordinate and has a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal geometry. The CuII ion in (II) is in a very distorted octahedral 4+2 environment, with the octahedron elongated along the trans O—Cu—O bonds and with a trans O—Cu—O angle of only 137.22 (8)°.  相似文献   

18.
The superoxide anion (O2.?) is widely engaged in the regulation of cell functions and is thereby intimately associated with the onset and progression of many diseases. To ascertain the pathological roles of O2.? in related diseases, developing effective methods for monitoring O2.? in biological systems is essential. Fluorescence imaging is a powerful tool for monitoring bioactive molecules in cells and in vivo owing to its high sensitivity and high temporal‐spatial resolution. Therefore, increasing numbers of fluorescent imaging probes have been constructed to monitor O2.? inside live cells and small animals. In this minireview, we summarize the methods for design and application of O2.?‐responsive fluorescent probes. Moreover, we present the challenges for detecting O2.? and suggestions for constructing new fluorescent probes that can indicate the production sites and concentration changes in O2.? as well as O2.?‐associated active molecules in living cells and in vivo.  相似文献   

19.
Hydrogen production from organic/inorganic hydrides is a promising strategy for the development of novel clean energy resources to replace fossil fuels and satisfy ever‐increasing energy demands. Most current processes involve small flammable chemicals and are catalyzed by noble metals in basic media with the release of the greenhouse gas CO2. Herein, we describe an alternative pathway for highly efficient and robust H2 production through a dehydrogenation reaction between water and N ,N ‐dimethylformamide catalyzed by Cu/Cu2O catalysts formed in situ. The catalysts exhibit high and robust activity for H2 production. Importantly, the formation of H2 as the sole gas and the valuable by‐product N ,N ‐dimethylaminoformic acid make this process clean and valuable with 100 % atom economy.  相似文献   

20.
A novel modified polyoxometalate, {PMo12O40[Cu(2,2′‐bpy)]}[Cu(2,2′‐bpy)(en)(H2O)]2 [2,2′‐bpy is 2,2′‐bipyridyl (C10H8N2) and en is ethylenediamine (C2H8N2)], has been synthesized hydrothermally and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, TG, IR, XPS and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structural analysis reveals that the compound contains the reduced Keggin polyanion [PMo12O40]6? as the parent unit, which is monocapped by [Cu(2,2′‐bpy)]2+ fragments via four bridging O atoms on an {Mo4O4} pit and bi‐supported by two [Cu(2,2′‐bpy)(en)(H2O)]2+ coordination cations simultaneously. There exist strong intramolecular π–π stacking between the capping and supporting units, which play a stabilizing role during the crystallization of the compound. Adjacent POM clusters are further aggregated to form a three‐dimensional supramolecular network through noncovalent forces, hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions. In addition, the photocatalytic properties were investigated in detail, and the results indicated that the compound can be used as a photocatalyst towards the decomposition of the organic pollutant methylene blue (MB).  相似文献   

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