不对称双酸催化3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃的反电子Hetero-Diels-Alder反应

研究了双酸催化剂不对称催化烯醚和β,γ-不饱和α-酮酸酯的反电子Hetero-Diels-Alder (HDA)反应, 为手性合成3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃类化合物提供了一种新的催化合成方法. InBr₃与手性磷酸钙盐Ca(1c)₂组合的手性双路易斯酸催化体系能够有效催化3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃和β,γ-不饱和α-酮酸酯的反电子HDA反应, 反应给出优秀的产率(最高达98%), 中等到良好的非对映选择性(最高达89:11)和良好到优秀的对映选择性(最高可达94%). 并且该双酸催化体系也能成功实现其它烯醚(如: 2,3-二氢-2H-呋喃, 乙烯基乙醚)的HDA反应, 获得优秀的非对映选择性(>94:6)和良好的对映选择性.     

铜/手性磷酸催化烯烃不对称自由基胺芳基化

含β-芳基/α-季碳中心的吡咯烷是一类重要的手性吡咯烷类化合物.目前该类化合物的不对称合成主要是通过钯催化含氮烯烃底物与各类芳基前体的不对称胺芳基化反应来实现的.在这里报道了一种反应机理不同于上述反应的不对称胺芳基化新方法.利用本课题组之前发展的一价铜/手性磷酸组成的金属手性阴离子单电子催化体系成功实现了含氮烯烃底物与芳基重氮盐的不对称自由基的胺芳基化反应,以中等收率和中等至良好的对映选择性得到含β-芳基/α-季碳中心的吡咯烷类化合物.     

仲酰胺经酰胺活化直接合成酮的普适性方法

本文报道仲酰胺经去胺基烷基化反应直接合成酮的通用性方法. 这一新的C-C 键形成方法是基于Tf₂O 对仲酰胺的活化及有机铈试剂对活化所形成活性中间体的加成而实现的. 该方法可用于各种酮的合成, 包括烷基-烷基酮、烷基-芳基酮、芳基-芳基酮、α,β-不饱和酮以及β-氯-α,β-不饱和酮等, 收率65%～90%. 研究表明, 除了有机铈试剂外, 碱性较弱的炔基硼试剂、温和亲核性的烯丙基三甲基硅烷以及低亲核性的苯乙烯均可与仲酰胺的活化中间体进行加成反应, 水解后生成相应的酮. 因此, 该方法具有较好的普适性和重要的合成应用价值. 基于实验结果和验证实验, 提出经由腈鎓中间体的可能反应机理. 本法使仲酰胺成为形式上的酰化试剂, 不但可与有机金属试剂反应, 还可与烯丙基三甲基硅烷和苯乙烯进行还原酰化反应.     

羧酸加氢反应机理及催化剂的研究进展

生物质衍生羧酸化合物的加氢反应是生产生物质化学品的重要过程之一.我们从羧酸分子加氢反应机理与加氢催化剂两个方面进行概述,着重介绍了第VIII族金属,尤其贵金属作为活性金属的羧酸加氢反应机理,以及不同催化剂对羧酸加氢反应途径的影响.此外,还介绍了羧酸水相加氢反应中Ru基催化剂的研究进展.     

铟(I)/手性磷酸催化简单烯烃与β,γ-不饱和α-酮酸酯的不对称[4+2]环加成反应

报道了In（I）Cl/手性磷酸1a双酸体系催化的简单烯烃和β,γ-不饱和α-酮酸酯的不对称[4+2]环加成反应,可高产率、高选择性（最高99：1dr,99%ee）生成相应的exo-[4+2]环加成产物.InCl和磷酸的协同作用是反应成功的关键,单独使用InCl和磷酸都不能催化反应进行.     

α-芳基-α-羟基酮(酯)与全氟烷基磺酰氟/甲基三乙氧基硅烷/碱体系不期望的氧化反应

研究了全氟烷基磺酰氟/甲基三乙氧基硅烷/碱体系与α-芳基-α-羟基酮(酯)化合物不期望的氧化反应,以中等到优良的收率生成了相应的1,2-二酮(α-酮酸酯)产物.所用全氟烷基磺酰氟为全氟正丁基磺酰氟或全氟正辛基磺酰氟;碱为1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU).提出了一种可能的反应机理.为制备芳基取代的1,2-二酮(或α-酮酸酯)化合物提供了一种新方法.     

靛红衍生的硝酮与酮亚胺的不对称直接氮杂插烯Mannich反应

不对称直接插烯Mannich反应是一类高效构建手性δ-氨基-α,β-不饱和羰基化合物的方法,但这类反应主要局限于以γ-丁烯酸内酯及类似物和α,α-二氰基烯烃等作为亲核试剂前体,因此发展新的插烯亲核试剂尤为重要.本工作报道了一类从靛红衍生且含N-CH结构的硝酮化合物,由于氧化吲哚骨架的强吸电子效应能在温和碱性条件下生成氮杂二烯醇中间体,高效与靛红衍生的亚胺发生直接氮杂插烯Mannich反应.采用金鸡纳碱衍生的手性双功能叔胺硫脲催化剂,以高收率（70%～97%）、高立体选择性（83%～99% ee,>19∶1 dr）合成富官能团化并含相邻季碳-叔碳手性中心的硝酮化合物,且可进一步与缺电烯烃发生[3+2]偶极环加成反应构建含有氢化异噁唑环的吲哚螺环复杂骨架.这类靛红衍生的硝酮作为氮杂插烯亲核试剂可能在不对称合成中具有更为广阔的应用.     

金鸡纳碱奎尼丁催化含苯并噻唑基团亚胺与丙二酸酯Mannich反应机理研究

手性催化剂奎尼丁催化丙二酸乙酯与苯并噻唑亚胺的不对称Mannich反应机理研究, 对β-氨基酸酯类衍生物合成具有重要的指导意义. 采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的M06-2X方法, 通过精确计算: (1)确定了奎尼丁催化剂催化活性位点为9位碳上的羟基和位于1位的叔氮原子; (2) S构型反应过渡态能量比R构型反应过渡态能量低, 反应产物以S构型为主; (3)计算进一步表明较低温度有助于提高反应的立体选择性. 计算结果与实验数据相符, 反应获得S构型的β-氨基酸酯类衍生物, 其ee可达到 81%～95%.     

USHY分子筛催化剂上2-甲基戊烷异构化反应机理

根据实验观察, 以C6正碳离子基元反应为基础定量地描述了2-甲基戊烷在USHY分子筛上异构化反应机理, 以及反应温度对其的影响. 实验结果表明, 在400 ℃下, C6正碳离子从反应物分子提取氢离子反应的速率是C6正碳离子释放质子氢给表面Brфnsted碱基反应速率的10倍, 导致反应物的异构体C6烷烃产物的生成大大快于C6烯烃产物的生成. 同时发现, C6正碳离子释放质子反应比从反应物分子提取氢离子反应要求更高的活化能, 因此在高温下, C6烷烃产物的生成量比C6烯烃产物的生成量少. 描述了各种C6正碳离子的反应途径和相互转变机理, 定量地比较了它们的反应活性和选择性, 得出了某些烃催化裂化中异构化反应选择性变化的普遍规律.     

α-芳基-α-羟基酮(酯)与全氟烷基磺酰氟/甲基三乙氧基硅烷/碱体系不期望的氧化反应

研究了全氟烷基磺酰氟/甲基三乙氧基硅烷/碱体系与α-芳基-α-羟基酮(酯)化合物不期望的氧化反应, 以中等到优良的收率生成了相应的1,2-二酮(α-酮酸酯)产物. 所用全氟烷基磺酰氟为全氟正丁基磺酰氟或全氟正辛基磺酰氟; 碱为1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU). 提出了一种可能的反应机理. 为制备芳基取代的1,2-二酮(或α-酮酸酯)化合物提供了一种新方法.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.