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在低温核天体物理环境下,如静态核稳定燃烧阶段的核反应都发生较低的能区,其伽莫夫窗口内的核反应截面非常小,这就需要加速器提供较强束流才能完成核反应截面的直接测量。最近在中国科学院近代物理的320 kV高压平台上建立了低能核天体物理实验室以及相应的研究平台。驱动该平台的是一个14.5 GHz的永磁铁型ECR离子源,它能够提供非常强的束流离子。对于质子和氦离子,离子源出口的最大流强可以达到100 eμA,在实验终端上可以获得大约30 eμA的流强。基于此强流加速器装置,我们建立了核天体物理实验测量装置,包括靶室以及带电粒子和伽玛射线探测器等设备。利用已知的核反应对探测器性能和实验方法进行了一系列测试。同时,展示了近年来取得的一些主要实验结果。最后,对该平台上开展工作的前景进行了展望,并指出基于该地面装置的低能核反应研究所积累的技术及经验对于我国锦屏深地核天体物理JUNA项目的重要意义。For the hydrostatic stable burning in stars, the Gamow window is well below the Coulomb barriers for the charged-particle-induced nuclear reaction involved. Such nuclear reaction occurs through the quantum-mechanics tunneling effect, and its cross section drops rapidly approaching the Gamow window. An accelerator which can provide intense beam current is thus required to directly measure the reactions at low energies. An experimental setup for low-energy nuclear astrophysics studies has been recently established at a 320 kV high-voltage platform of the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Lanzhou, China. The driver machine of this platform is a very strong ECR ion source employing all-permanent magnets, which can typically supply up to about 100 eμA proton, alpha and many other heavy ions, and ultimately about 30 eμA currents can be achieved at the experimental terminal. The experimental setup includes a target chamber, and the charged-particle and γ-ray HPGe detectors. This work describes the setup established, characteristics of detectors, methodologies, and test results of several reactions with known cross sections. Furthermore, some important results published are shown briefly. We believe that the experimental technologies developed and experiences accumulated at this above-ground platform will be extremely helpful for the Jinping Underground Nuclear Astrophysics laboratory (JUNA) project in China. 相似文献
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研究微观世界的核物理与研究宏观世界的天体物理自然融合形成了前沿交叉学科——核天体物理。核天体物理的主要研究目标是应用核物理的知识和规律来阐释宇宙演化进程中化学元素合成及演化过程、时间标度、天体环境和天体场所,来说明恒星中核燃烧产生的能量及其对恒星结构和演化的影响,来认识致密天体的结构和性质。文章阐述了核天体物理研究的意义和现状,介绍了有关基本概念和天体网络模型所需的核物理输入量以及广泛应用的一些实验方法,同时扼要地分析了利用国内大科学装置开展核天体物理研究的可行性。最后对未来我国深地科学与工程实验室的建设前景做了展望。 相似文献
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本文简要地评述了宇宙演化核素合成研究的新发展,介绍了核天体物理实验特征和目前及未来的实验装置与实验技术,最后讨论和展望了当前感兴趣的几个核天体物理实验研究的课题。 The current state of nuclear astrophysics has been briefly reviewed. Someexperimental features and some current and future experimental techniques in the field of nuclearastrophysics are introduced. Finally, a synopsis of some key topies with experimental interest isdescribed. 相似文献
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核天体物理是研究微观世界的核物理与研究宏观世界的天体物理融合形成的交叉学科,其主要研究目标是:宇宙中各种化学元素核合成的过程、时间、物理环境、天体场所及丰度分布;核反应(包括带电粒子、中子、光子及中微子引起的反应、β衰变及电子俘获)如何控制恒星的演化过程和结局。近十多年来获得的大量实验和理论研究使核天体物理研究进入了一个蓬勃发展的新阶段。文章总结了以兰州重离子加速器、北京串列加速器和国家天文台为基础,结合国际合作,在核天体物理研究领域对直接测量、间接测量、衰变测量、质量测量、理论计算、网络计算、天文观测等关键科学问题进行的研究进展。也展望了核天体物理的关键科学问题,这些关键问题包括:(1)在地面实验室、尤其是地下实验室开展天体物理能区重要热核反应截面的直接测量;(2)高能区带电粒子反应截面向天体物理能区的合理外推;(3)恒星平稳核燃烧阶段和爆发性天体事件中关键核反应截面的间接测量;(4)爆发性天体事件中所涉及的大量远离稳定线核素的质量、衰变特性和共振态性质的研究;(5)建立并不断完善核天体物理数据库,发展网络模拟程序,系统研究元素核合成的天体场所、丰度分布;(6)宇宙中铁以上元素的来源之谜。Nuclear astrophysics is an interdisciplinary research field. It composes of nuclear physics, which studies micro phenomena, and astrophysics which studies macroscopic phenomena in our world. The main research goals of nuclear astrophysics are:(1) how, when and where chemical elements are synthesized and what is their final abundance distribution in the universe; (2) how nuclear processes (reactions induced by charged particles, neutrons, photons and neutrinos, beta decays and electron capture processes) determine the evolution and the ultimate fate of stars. At present, nuclear astrophysics has been developed into a new prosperous stage with a huge number of experimental and theoretical progresses. This paper summarized the current progress of nuclear astrophysics in China, in the subfiels of direct and indirect measurement of key reactions, measurement of mass and decay, as well as the theoretical calculation and network simulation. In present paper, the prospects to solve the key scientific nuclear astrophysics problems are represented. These key problems include (1) direct measurement of important reactions at astrophysical energies in the laboratory on the earth surface and in the underground laboratory; (2)extrapolation of cross sections at higher energies for the reactions induced by charged particles; (3) indirect measurement of key reactions in the hydrostatic and explosive nuclear processes; (4) study of the mass, the properties of decay and resonant states for the nuclides far from the stability line in explosive astrophysical events; (5) establish and improve the database for nuclear astrophysics, and develop network simulation codes, and systematically study astrophysical sites and abundance distribution of nucleosynthesis; (6) origin of the elements heavier than iron in the universe. 相似文献
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张志超 张宁涛 鲁辰桂 蒲天磊 张金龙 陈涵 段利敏 高丙水 李阔昂 李宇田 千奕 茹龙辉 唐晓东 王新雨 徐晓栋 赵红赟 蔡紫葳 姬彬斐 李奇特 许金艳 林炜平 《原子核物理评论》2020,37(3):636-642
发生在中子星壳层内的丰中子熔合反应对中子星演化以及X射线超级爆等现象均会产生影响。受限于放射性束流强度和反应机制的复杂性,实验数据极其缺乏,难以有效约束理论模型。基于活性靶技术的时间投影室(Time Projection Chamber,TPC)将工作气体作为反应靶,具备近4$pi$ 立体角接受度和三维径迹重建能力,能够实现对反应事件的全记录,显著提高了探测效率,大幅降低了熔合反应截面测量对束流强度的要求。我们研制了240路信号读出的TPC,并使用放射性束流16N对探测器进行了测试,探索了该实验方法的可行性和有效性。为了得到更加精确的反应产物径迹,对反应事件做出更好的筛选,进一步发展了1 024路信号读出TPC,并开展了12C+12C库仑位垒附近熔合反应截面测量实验,初步实验结果与已有实验数据符合较好。 相似文献
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The high charge state all permanent Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source(ECRIS)LAPECR2 (Lanzhou All Permanent magnet ECR ion source No.2)has been successfully put on the 320kV HV platform at IMP and also has been connected with the successive LEBT system.This source is the largest and heaviest all permanent magnet ECRIS in the world.The maximum mirror field is 1.28T(without iron plug)and the effective plasma chamber volume is as large as (?)67mm×255mm.It was designed to be operated at 14.5GHz and aimed to produce medium charge state and high charge state gaseous and also metallic ion beams.The source has already successfully delivered some intense gaseous ion beams to successive experimental terminals.This paper will give a brief overview of the basic features of this permanent magnet ECRIS.Then commissioning results of this source on the platform,the design of the extraction system together with the successive LEBT system will be presented. 相似文献
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介绍了高压原子物理平台束流线的主要结构和特点,简要分析了利用高压平台真空原子分子物理研究需求,讨论了开展原子分子物理、表面物理、材料物理和生物物理相关的物理研究的可能性。 相似文献
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在北京串列实验室建立了次级束流实验装置 ,用于放射性核束物理和核天体物理研究 .先后开展了7Be(d ,n) 8B ,11C(d ,n) 12 N ,8Li(d ,p) 9Li和6 He(p ,n) 6 Li核天体物理重要反应的研究 .介绍了串列加速器升级工程的进展情况 .该工程在现有串列加速器的基础上 ,将建立 10 0MeV/ 2 0 0 μA的质子回旋加速器、在线同位素分离器和超导加速段 .在此装置上 ,将可以产生质量数最高为 12 0 ,强度最高为 10 9particles/s的放射性束流 . A secondary beam line (GIRAFFE) at the Beijing Tandem accelerator lab was constructed for yielding low energy secondary beams. The current progress on the study of nuclear astrophysics and nuclear structure is presented. Up to now, We have carried out measurement of~(7)Be(d, n)~( 8)B,~(11)C(d, n)~(12)N,~(8)Li(d, p)~(9)Li, and~(6)He(p, n)~(6)Li reactions. The proposed Beijing radioactive nuclear beam facility (BRIF ) and its current R&D progress are briefly introduced. This facility is based on... 相似文献
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德语自开普勒时代始直到第二次世界大战结束之前,一直是物理学的工作语言.可以说,是德语文化圈内的学者为主奠定和建立了近代物理学.一些德语文化圈内的物理学家的名字对物理学修习者如雷贯耳,这包括JohannesKepler(开普勒),Carl Ffiedfich Gauss(高斯),Max Planck(普朗克),Alben Einstein(爱因斯坦),Hermann Weyl(魏尔),Josephvon Fraunhofer(夫琅和费),Rudolf Clausius(克劳修斯),Hermann Minkowski(闵科夫斯基), 相似文献
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