电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定复混肥料中有效磷和钾

采用乙二胺四乙酸的氨水溶液一次提取,硝酸酸化,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定复混肥料中有效磷和钾。研究了不同提取剂的提取效果及分析波长的选择。方法应用于高、中、低浓度复混肥料的检测,回收率为96.5%~104.0%,相对标准偏差1.3%~2.1%。     

混合溶液提取-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定碱性土壤中速效钾和有效磷、铁、锰、铜、锌的含量

称取碱性土壤样品5.000 0g(样品预先经风干,并通过筛孔为2mm的样筛),用碳酸氢铵、二乙烯三胺五乙酸(DTPA)和氯化钙组成的混合溶液(此溶液每升中含上述3种化合物质量依次为79.0,1.967,1.47g,并将溶液的酸度调整在pH 7.65±0.05之间)50mL,于25℃振荡提取90min。将混合物用无磷滤纸干过滤,滤液用水稀释5倍后作为待测液。在电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析中采用二维阵列检测器和耐氢氟酸雾化器。所测定的6种元素分别在一定的质量浓度范围内与其响应值之间呈线性关系。各元素的检出限(3s)在0.033～0.096mg·kg~(-1)之间。取标准物质(GBW 07459)按所提出方法进行11次平行测定,测定值与认定值相符,各元素测定值的相对标准偏差(n=11)均小于4.0%。方法分析一件试样(测定6种元素)只需2.5h。     

硫酸钙晶须催化合成三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯

以三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)、丙烯酸(AA)为原料,硫酸钙晶须为催化剂,环己烷和甲苯混合物为带水剂,合成三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TMPTA).考察了原料配比、催化剂用量等因素对产品酯化率的影响.结果表明:以对苯二酚和吩噻嗪做混合阻聚剂,n(AA)∶n(TMP)=3.40,硫酸钙晶须的质量分数(以三羟甲基丙烷用量为基准)为2.0%,、环己烷用量20%、甲苯用量30%;酯化反应温度为98 ℃,反应时间为5 h,在此条件下合成的三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯酯化率大于96.8%,纯度达到97.6%.     

硫酸亚铁液相法制纳米氧化铁的研究

纳米氧化铁可用作制备催化剂、陶瓷、颜料和磁性记录材料等。目前文献报道其制备方法有:微乳液法[1]、溶胶-凝胶法[2,3]、水热法[4]、辐射合成法[5]、水解法[6]、附着法[7]、火焰燃烧分解法[8]等。我国工业生产钛白粉基本采用硫酸法,每生产1吨钛白粉约有3~3·5吨的副产物七水硫     

Surface modification of calcium sulfate whisker using thiol-ene click reaction and its application in reinforced silicone rubber

The hemihydrate calcium sulfate whisker (HCSW) was modified by γ-(methacryloxy)propyl trimethoxy silane (KH570) and trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) via wet modification and thiol-ene click reaction, and then the unmodified and modified HCSW were added into α, ω-dihydroxy polysiloxane (DPS) matrix to prepare silicon rubber composites. After the dual-surface modification, the surface of HCSW was transformed to hydrophobic, the hydration of whisker was obviously improved, and the whisker dispersed more evenly in the polymer. The mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, and the medium resistance of the silicone rubber composite were compared. The tensile test shows that the silicone rubber shows better mechanical properties after adding the modified whiskers, among which HCSW-KH570-SH has the most significant reinforcement effect. Moreover, DPS/HCSW-KH570-SH shows the best medium resistance in toluene, gasoline, and water. The addition of modified whiskers can improve the storage modulus of silicone rubber significantly, while DMA and DSC show that the addition of modified whiskers can reduce the glass transition temperature of silicone rubber. The bound rubber indicates that the interface interaction between HCSW-KH570-SH and silicone rubber is the best.     

Preparation of calcium peroxide in a UHF field at atmospheric pressure

The kinetics of free moisture removal from a CaO₂ paste under the conditions of convective drying and UHF field at atmospheric pressure were compared. Drying under the action of UHF radiation is characterized by the absence of the heat-up period. The use of the microwave radiation at atmospheric pressure decreases the drying time in production of anhydrous calcium peroxide by a factor of approximately 10 compared to convective drying.

     

Precipitation of calcium oxalate from homogeneous solution by cation release

Calcium oxalate can be precipitated from homogeneous solution by oxidation of the calcium/EDTA complex with hydrogen peroxide in boiling solution, in the presence of oxalate ion, at pH 6-8. The method gives large crystals and enables calcium to be determined in the presence of lead, which remains complexed.     

The nucleation of calcium phosphate from solution

Dicalcium phosphate was precipitated from homogeneous solution in the pH range 5–6 by using the hydrolysis of cyanate to control the precipitation process. Turbidimetric determination of the onset of precipitation enabled the critical supersaturation to be determined. In this region the average critical supersaturation ratio was found to be 2.3.     

Preparation of mesostructured barium sulfate with high surface area by dispersion method and its characterization

The spherical and cubic mesoporous BaSO(4) particles with high surface area were successfully produced via one-step process through precipitation reaction in aqueous solution of Ba(OH)(2) and H(2)SO(4) with ethylene glycol (n-HOCH(2)CH(2)OH) as a modifying agent. The BaSO(4) nanomaterial revealed that the high surface area and the mesoporous was stable up to 400 degrees C. Agglomerate mesoporous barium sulfate nanomaterials were obtained by the reaction of Ba(2+) and SO(2-)(4) with ethylene glycol aqueous solution. The ethylene glycol was used to control the BaSO(4) particle size and to modify the surface property of the particles produced from the precipitation. The dried and calcined mesoporous BaSO(4) nanomaterials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area and N(2) adsorption-desorption isotherm, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared resonance (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The as-prepared mesoporous dried BaSO(4) possesses a high BET surface area of 91.56 m(2) g(-1), pore volume of 0.188 cm(3) g(-1) (P/P(0)=0.9849) and pore size of 8.22 nm. The SEM indicates that the morphology of BaSO(4) nanomaterial shows shell like particles up to 400 degrees C, after that there is drastically change in the material due to agglomeration. Synthesis of mesoporous BaSO(4) nanomaterial is of significant importance for both sulphuric acid decomposition and oxidation of methane to methanol.     

Selective recognition of 4-nitrophenol from aqueous solution by molecularly imprinted polymers with functionalized tetratitanate whisker composites as support

Three kinds of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were obtained with surface molecular imprinting technique on functionalized potassium tetratitanate whisker (F-PTW). The results of adsorption experiments indicated that MIP prepared using PTW modified with N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylamine (AAPTS) (F-PTW A) as support [MIP(1)] was superior to the other two polymers, then MIP(1) was selected to analyze the 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) adsorption process from aqueous solution in this study. AAPTS offered hydrophilic exterior that allowed to self-assemble with the template 4-NP through intermolecular interaction rather than based on the interactions between the functional monomers and template. Equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models at various temperatures. Kinetic properties were successfully investigated by pseudo-first-order model, pseudo-second-order model, intraparticle diffusion equation, initial adsorption rate, half-adsorption time. A diffusion-controlled process as the essential adsorption rate-controlling step was also proposed. The performance of such imprinted polymer was further demonstrated by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the results showed that the selectivity of MIP(1) exhibited higher affinity for template 4-NP over competitive phenolic compounds than that of non-imprinted polymer NIP(1). MIP(1) could be reused four times without significant loss in the adsorption capacity.