基于二硫化钼和钴基金属有机骨架的痕量汞离子电化学传感器

汞离子(Hg²⁺)具有高生物毒性,痕量的汞也会对生态环境质量和人体健康造成严重危害.本文基于二硫化钼(MoS₂)和钴基金属有机骨架(ZIF-67)的复合材料MoS₂@ZIF-67制备了一种新型的电化学传感器,结合MoS₂的优异导电性与金属有机骨架的催化性能,复合材料MoS₂@ZIF-67可放大电化学信号,提高电极的电化学活性.利用Hg²⁺能与DNA中胸腺嘧啶T结合形成T-Hg²⁺-T双螺旋结构的原理,使用差分脉冲伏安法实现了对水环境中痕量汞的特异性检测.该传感器对Hg²⁺检测的线性范围为0.01～10μg/L,检出限为5 ng/L,并表现出较好的选择性.采用该传感器对自来水样品进行加标回收检测,回收率为110%～119%,在痕量汞的检测中具有良好的应用前景.     

基于胸腺嘧啶碱基错配的汞离子传感器研究进展

基于汞离子和胸腺嘧啶的质子取代反应,可形成T-Hg(Ⅱ)-T碱基错配结构,该结构可作为新型汞离子传感器的良好识别元件。相较于传统汞离子检测方法在效率与精度上的不足,以T-Hg(Ⅱ)-T碱基错配结构为识别基团的新型汞离子传感器具有一定优势。该文综述了以T-Hg(Ⅱ)-T结构为识别基团,以不同类型报告基团为基础的汞离子传感器的研究进展与趋势,从而为后续汞离子传感器的开发提供参考。     

基于寡核苷酸链的汞离子荧光生物传感器

基于G-四链体结构和卟啉类化合物N-甲基卟啉二丙酸IX(NMM)结合产生强烈的荧光,利用T-Hg(Ⅱ)-T错配对汞离子(Hg2+)的特异性识别,建立了一种简单、灵敏、高效的Hg2+检测新方法.在富含鸟嘌呤(G)寡核苷酸链中,引入了大量胸腺嘧啶(T).在没有Hg2+存在时,可以自发形成G-四链体结构,与NMM结合产生强烈的荧光;在Hg2+存在时,可与另一条富含T序列的互补链通过T-Hg(Ⅱ)-T特异性结合,形成双链DNA分子,从而导致G-四链体结构不能产生.优化后最佳实验条件为:缓冲溶液的pH=6.7,20 mmol/LKCl,2.5 μmol/L NMM,反应时间为2h.在优化条件下,体系的荧光强度变化值与Hg2+浓度呈现良好的线性关系,线性范围为50～ 1000 nmol/L,检出限为22.8 nmol/L(30).此生物荧光传感器对Hg2+具有良好的选择性.实际水样中Hg2+的加标回收率为106.1％ ～ 107.8％,可以满足实际水样品中Hg2+的检测要求.     

聚胸腺嘧啶单链DNA-CuNCs荧光增强法用于汞离子的高灵敏检测

基于Hg~(2+)与DNA中胸腺嘧啶(T)结合的高度特异性和DNA铜纳米簇的荧光增强性质,构建了一种简便、灵敏检测汞离子的新方法.当Hg~(2+)存在时,聚T单链DNA(P1)通过T-Hg~(2+)-T特异性结合形成双链DNA,Cu~(2+)经抗坏血酸钠还原后生成的中间体Cu+与双链DNA螺旋结构间的氢键部分有强的结合力,促使Cu0附着聚集在双链DNA上形成铜纳米簇,导致体系荧光增强,从而实现对汞离子的高灵敏检测.体系荧光强度与Hg~(2+)浓度的对数值成正比,对Hg~(2+)检测的线性范围为1.0 nmol/L~10μmol/L,检出限达0.4 nmol/L,对湖水样品中Hg~(2+)检测的回收率达到97.2%~106.6%.与传统方法相比,该方法具有无需标记、检出限低及选择性好等优点,可用于环境水体中汞离子的测定.     

基于荧光树状聚合物的高灵敏化学反应型汞离子传感器

以2,4-二氯苯硫酚为单体, 通过“一步法”合成了平均分子量为10.910 kD的荧光树状超支化聚苯硫醚(HPPS). 通过亲核取代和水解反应对HPPS进行了外围氨基修饰, 通过偶氮共价键使HPPS与氨基硫脲小分子相连, 制备出了高灵敏度树状聚合物基多位点反应型汞离子传感器. 基于汞离子与氨基硫脲脱硫关环反应和超支化聚苯硫醚对光信号的放大传递作用, 传感器对汞离子有灵敏的荧光响应信号, 线性范围为2.5～100 nmol/L, 检出限为0.46 nmol/L. 并利用分子模拟计算对反应识别机理进行了讨论.     

基于纳米金Core-satellites等离子体耦合增强效应的汞离子光纤传感器的研究

以DNA杂交双链为联接, 构建纳米金颗粒Core-satellites结构并激发等离子体耦合增强效应,利用Hg2+可与DNA中胸腺嘧啶T形成T-Hg2+-T特异性结构,研制了用于检测水中Hg2+的局域等离子体共振(LSPR)光纤传感器.待测溶液中的Hg2+能够引起富含T的DNA单链折叠,抑制DNA杂交反应,降低等离子体耦合强度,改变LSPR谐振波长.通过检测谐振波长红移变化,实现对Hg2+浓度的定量检测.本方法检测Hg2+的线性范围为5~150 nmol/L, 检出限为3.4 nmol/L (3σ). Zn2+、Mg2+、Pb2+等重金属离子对Hg2+检测无明显干扰作用.实际水样中Hg2+加样回收率为94.2%~105.4%,相对标准偏差<4.8%.     

基于Hg2+诱导DNA双链形成的荧光增强法检测Hg2+

基于Hg2+与胸腺嘧啶(T)形成“T-Hg2+-T”结构的原理建立了一种简单、灵敏的荧光增强法检测H92+的方法.两条部分互补的富含T碱基的ssDNA在常温下分别以单链状态存在.当加入Hg2+,由于T-Hg2+-T键的形成,两条ssDNA形成DNA双螺旋结构,溶液中荧光分子溴化乙锭(EB)嵌入DNA双螺旋结构,EB荧光...     

基于铜纳米线放大的汞离子高灵敏比色检测法

将滚环扩增技术与铜纳米线相结合进行信号放大,建立高选择性、高灵敏的汞离子比色检测新方法。以链霉亲和素修饰的磁珠为探针捕获和分离基质,将生物素修饰的引物链固定到其表面。汞离子存在时,模板链将通过T-Hg^2+-T作用与引物链结合。加入T4连接酶及DNA聚合酶引发滚环扩增反应形成超长单链DNA。与短单链DNA互补形成的长双链DNA可作为铜纳米线沉积模板,加入盐酸释放出大量铜离子催化底物氧化显色。在0.005~1.0 nmol/L范围,汞离子浓度与吸收信号呈良好线性关系,检出限低至3.7 pmol/L。     

表面等离激元金属纳米粒子的多元化结构及应用

目前, 单一的金属纳米粒子结构已经难以满足多学科交叉发展的需求. 因此, 将多种金属纳米粒子(如不同尺寸、 形状、 组分等)集成在同一基底表面, 能够充分发挥不同金属纳米粒子的性质和优势, 极具研究价值和应用价值. 本文介绍了多元化表面等离激元纳米粒子结构的构筑方法, 以及其在信息编码、 光电器件、 能源催化等领域的应用. 最后, 提出了当前在多元化结构制备中存在的挑战, 并展望了利用多元化结构实现性能提升的前景.     

A Novel Surface‐tethered Analysis Method for Mercury (II) ion Detection via Self‐assembly of Individual Electrochemiluminescence Signal Units

A novel analysis strategy based on the analyte‐induced surface‐tethered (AIST) of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal nanoparticles was first proposed for detection of Mercury (II) ion (Hg²⁺). In this work, luminol@Au‐cysteamine‐thymine (luminol@Au‐Cys‐T) multifunctional nanoarchitecture was designed as ECL signal units in the experimental process. Through a specific T‐Hg²⁺‐T coordination, luminol@Au‐Cys‐T composites were gravitationally self‐assembled to the electrode surface, which was coated with tris (2‐aminoethyl) amine functionalized graphene oxide@perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic acid‐thymine (GO@PTCA‐TAEA‐T) complex film. This simple strategy of AIST of signal molecules could amplify the response signal and vastly enhance the sensitivity. Under the optimum condition, the linear relationship of Hg²⁺ concentration variation from 0.005 nM to 5 nM with a limit of detection (LOD) down to 0.002 nM (S/N=3), which also offered an alternative analytical approach with excellent performance of stability and selectivity. The regression equation was y=−414.52+2305.02 lgC_(Hg²⁺₎ (pM). This Hg²⁺ ECL sensor had a good application prospects for the analysis of real samples.     

Highly Selective and Sensitive Preconcentration of Mercury Ion and Determination by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Abstract

A simple and selective method based on a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)–coated chromosorb P modified by 2‐mercaptobenzoxazole (MBO) has been developed to selectively separate and concentrate ultra trace amounts of mercury(II) ions for its highly sensitive measurement by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS).

The mercury ions were adsorbed quantitatively on SDS‐coated chromosorb due to its complexation with MBO, while the retained Hg²⁺ ions were then stripped from the column with minimal amounts of 2 M nitric acid in acetone. The eluting solution was sent to CV‐AAS for evaluating Hg²⁺ ion content and results indicate that the calibration curve was linear for Hg²⁺ ion in the range of 0.05–85.6 ng mL^?1 and 0.09–9.6 µg mL^?1 of Hg²⁺ ions. Maximum capacity of the SDS‐coated chromosorb modified with 40 mg of the ligand was found to be 498±30 µg of mercury(II), the limit of detection was 0.01 ng mL^?1, and enrichment factors were about 300, which make it suitable it for dilute solution analysis. The method was successfully applied to the determination of Hg²⁺ ion content in real samples.     

镊子型dsDNA稳定的纳米金光度法快速检测Hg2+的研究

利用Hg2+对胸腺嘧啶(T)T -T错配的特异性结合,建立了一种利用盐诱导金纳米粒子聚集的比色定量检测Hg2+离子的方法.设计了一种镊子型dsDNA,其一半为互补碱基形成的双螺旋结构,另一半为T-T错配.错配部分保持单链状态吸附在纳米金表面,使纳米金的稳定性增强,抑制盐诱导的纳米金团聚.当存在Hg2时,“T- Hg2+...     

Synthesis of Highly Sensitive Fluorescent Probe Based on Tetrasubstituted Imidazole and Its Application for Selective Detection of Ag+ Ion in Aqueous Media

A small molecule fluorescent probe, 4-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl]aniline(L) for detecting Ag⁺ ion was gently synthesized via one-pot multi-component reaction catalyzed by H₃[PW₁₂O₄₀] under solvent-free microwave irradiation. When the concentration of Ag⁺ ion changed from 0 to 8.0×10⁻⁶ mol/L in the solution of H₂O/CH₃OH(19:1, volume ratio), the fluorescence emission spectrum was blue-shifted and accompanied by a gradual increase in fluorescence intensity with a low detection limit of 3.0×10⁻¹¹ mol/L. Moreover, UV-Vis absorption titration experiment demonstrated a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio and an association constant of (9.95±0.44)×10⁵ L/mol between probe L and Ag⁺ ion, and thus their complexation mechanism was also proposed and verified. More importantly, this fluorescent probe was remarkably specific for Ag⁺ ion under the interference of other metal ions and exhibited a wide pH application range of 4.0-8.0. Additionally, preliminary application of this probe was also carried out and satisfactory results were shown.     

High-sensitivity Mercury Ion Detection System Using Unmodified Gold Nanorods

Hg²⁺ is one of the most universal and severe toxic metal pollutants. Here we reported a high-sensitivity and rapid method for detection of Hg²⁺. The technique was based on the localized surface plasmon resonance property of gold nanorods. Neither modification of gold nanorods nor separation of analyte was necessary. The longitudinal absorption peak of gold nanorods presented a linear blue shift as Hg²⁺ concentration increased. The blue shift of longitudinal absorption peak was due to the changes of both aspect ratio and medium dielectric constant. The sensor had a wide linear interval ranging from 285 nM to 8.00 μM, the detection limit was as low as 112 nM, and the sensitivity was 30.48 nm μM^μ1, which were comparable to the performance of the modified sensors.     

Detection of Plasmon Coupling between Silver Nanowires Based on Hyperspectral Darkfield and SERS Imaging and Supported by DDA Theoretical Calculations

We report the unprecedented observation of plasmon coupling between silver nanowires, showing how the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering depends upon this interaction and how the spectrum can be shaped by the hot spot. Such observations were accomplished by Raman spectroscopy mapping of silver nanowires modified with rhodamine. The local spectra on the hot spots were measured by darkfield hyperspectral microscopy, a powerful but uncommonly used technique that is capable of determining the location, structure, and spectra of the hot spots. The result obtained by the simulation of two parallel nanowires based on the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method was in excellent agreement with the results obtained experimentally.     

双重印迹法制备汞离子印迹聚合物及其性能研究

采用双重印迹法,以N-3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基乙二胺为功能单体,四乙氧基硅烷为交联剂,表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)和Hg2+为模板,合成出Hg2+印迹聚合物.聚合物中的表面活性剂和Hg2+分别由乙醇萃取和HCl洗涤除去,利用平衡吸附法研究了聚合物的吸附性能和选择识别能力,且探讨了实验条件对印迹聚合物吸附性能的影响.结果表明,在竞争离子Cu2+(或Cd2+) 存在下,印迹聚合物具有较高的吸附能力和选择识别能力,最大相对选择系数k′>200,且可以循环使用.