新型甾体血管新生抑制剂Cortistatin的结构、生物活性与合成

由于肿瘤的生长与转移高度依赖于血管新生,因此发现和发明新型血管新生抑制剂对肿瘤疾病治疗有重要意义.以Cortistatin A为代表的Cortistatin类海洋天然产物是一类化学结构新颖、具有显著血管新生抑制作用的甾体化合物.它们具有9-(10,19)-abeo-雄甾烷骨架和氧原子桥连七元B环结构,Cortistatin A对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)增殖具有nmol/L级的抑制活性和相对其他细胞系大于3300的选择性指数.综述了Cortistatin及其类似物自发现来两年期间的合成进展情况.     

不对称构筑二芳基次甲基立体中心的研究进展

二芳基次甲基结构单元广泛存在于具有重要生理和药理活性的天然产物和药物当中.同时,该结构单元中所特有的二芳基次甲基立体中心的对映选择性构筑往往也是天然产物全合成的难点和挑战性所在.因此,引起了众多有机合成化学家的研究兴趣.近年来,该手性立体中心的构建方法发展迅速,新方法和新反应的报道也层出不穷;开发出来的一些高效催化剂,展示出独特的催化活性和选择性.本文根据反应类型的不同,将其分为不对称共轭加成反应和不对称氢化反应等六类,综述近十年来二芳基次甲基立体中心的不对称构建方法及相关方法在天然产物全合成中的应用.最后,从全合成的角度进一步总结和分析未来构建二芳基次甲基手性立体中心的发展趋势,力求发展更加高效、避免贵金属的催化剂及环境友好型的新方法和新试剂.     

Wallichanol类天然产物ABC环系合成研究

Wallichanol是一类具有独特桥环结构的二萜天然产物.以2-甲基-1,3-环己二酮作为起始原料,通过高立体选择性的Diels-Alder反应和金催化的炔烃碳环化反应构建Wallichanol的ABC三环核心骨架,共七步路线,总收率为42%.该合成工作为Wallichanol类天然产物全合成奠定了研究基础.     

3,4-桥环吲哚类生物碱的合成研究进展

取代的吲哚类天然产物是自然界中普遍存在的一类杂环化合物,由于其具有广泛的生理活性,以及相当一部分作为重要的临床使用药物,100多年以来,吲哚的合成及官能团化一直是有机合成化学家关注的一个重要领域.在众多吲哚类生物碱中,含有3,4-桥环吲哚骨架的天然产物占据了相当一部分,由于其独特的结构和良好的生物活性,这些分子引起了有机合成化学家的广泛兴趣.重点概述了构建3,4-桥环骨架的主要合成方法和策略,并对一些方法在天然产物全合成中的应用作简要介绍.     

藤黄科植物中具有桥环结构的天然产物全合成研究进展

藤黄科植物中含桥环的天然产物具有独特的化学结构和明显的生物活性. 综述了近年来这类天然产物的全合成研究进展.     

基于氧化[3+2]环加成反应合成二氢苯并呋喃类天然产物

二氢苯并呋喃结构单元广泛存在于生物碱及萜类等多种天然产物中,这些天然产物大多具有良好的生物活性和药用价值.因此,近年来有关具有二氢苯并呋喃环骨架的天然产物全合成工作不断涌现.综述了近十多年来氧化[3+2]环加成反应在构建二氢苯并呋喃环骨架及各类天然产物全合成方面的应用进展.     

亮点介绍

正Ir-催化不对称全合成吲哚生物碱(-)-Communesin F J.Am.Chem.Soc.2017,139,3364~3367吲哚生物碱Communesin家族是八个具有复杂七环系的天然产物.因具有独特的化学结构(四个氮原子构成罕见的上下两个aminal基团,外加两个连续手性季碳)和有趣的生物活性而成为明星分子,尤其是Communesin F的全合成备受化学家青睐,包括我国秦勇、马大为研究组在内有五个著名研究组报道过全合成.完成Communesin F这样高     

乌药烷型倍半萜及其二聚体的全合成研究进展

乌药烷型倍半萜及其二聚体是一大类具有cis,trans-3/5/6三并环特殊骨架的天然产物,主要是从金粟兰科植物中分离得到.大多数乌药烷型倍半萜及其二聚体具有显著的生物活性,如抗真菌、对B细胞有毒性介导的免疫抑制及对延迟整流钾电流有选择性的抑制作用等.综述了国内外有机化学家对该类天然产物的全合成研究进展.     

(±)-Hongoquercin A全合成:可见光促进有机催化多烯环化策略

报道了天然产物分子(±)-Hongoquercin A的仿生全合成路线.作者最近开发了在可见光促进下以染料分子曙红为光敏剂的自由基多烯环化反应.以此为基础,将该方法学应用于(±)-Hongoquercin A全合成中的关键步,一步构建该天然产物分子的多环骨架结构,共7步实现了其全合成.     

亮点介绍

复杂活性天然产物(±)-Pentalenolactone A Methyl Ester的首次全合成Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2012,51,12072～12076 Pentalenolactone类天然产物是由原核有机物经过体内代谢而产生的一类倍半萜类化合物,包括Pentalenolacto-nes A,B,D,E,F,G H,O和P等.其结构特点是具有包含六元内酯环的稠合的[5,5,6]三环体系结构,而六元内酯环采用顺式构型,而且每个环系都具有不同的氧化态.Pentalenolactone类天然产物具有非常广谱的生物活性.例如Pentalenolactone具有广谱的抗生素活性,对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌以及真菌等均有效.同时,它还具有非常强的抗肿瘤和抗病毒活性.最近,北京大学深圳研究生院杨震、李闯创等通过Co参与的Pauson-Khand反应、TMS     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.