元素形态分析——环境与食品安全检测的新领域

清华大学分析中心主任张新荣教授介绍说，元素分析研究已经做了很多年，大家发现仅做元素总量对某些元素的分析意义不大，例如甲基汞比无机汞毒性大很多；砷化学形式可分为无机砷和有机砷，无机砷如三价砷和五价砷毒性很大，但其甲基化后则毒性大大降低。硒被认为是营养型微量元素，但是硒的各种形态中，有有毒的和无毒的之分，或者说是对人体有害或是有益的。过去我们说补微量元素，但到底是补哪种形态，无机硒还是有机硒，和氨基酸结合的硒，还是和蛋白质结合的硒，这个问题是很重要的。     

FCC抗重金属催化剂的研究进展

20世纪80年代以来，随着世界原油日趋重质化和劣质化，各国炼厂都大力发展掺炼或全炼重油和渣油的流化催化裂化（FCC）技术，以拓宽FCC原料油来源，满足全球市场对轻质油品的需求，最大限度的提高经济效益．与常规FCC原料油（如AGO和VGO）相比，渣油或重油中Ni、V、Fe、Cu等金属含量明显偏高，严重污染了FCC催化剂，其中影响最大的是镍和钒，它们沉积在催化剂上，导致催化剂裂化活性下降，产物选择性变差，当钒含量很高时还能破坏分子筛结构，     

水分检测技术的发展趋势

水分仪的种类繁多，但其市场潜力却不尽相同，计算机技术、原子技术与半导体技术的飞速发展，给粮食水分检测技术的发展提供了广阔的空间。为了实现全数字、实时在线测量，就必须要有快速无损检测技术作为保证。随着对无损检测技术的需要，无损检测仪器将逐步实现标准化、通用化和系列化，大规模可编程逻辑器件和数字信号处理器的推广和成本的降低，必将加速其在无损检测技术上的应用，不仅可以提高信号采集和处理速度，满足市场大量实时性要求，也将缩短开发时间，增加硬件的功能和扩展性。     

用硫酸酯酶进行α－和β－萘酚的分离

用硫酸酯酶进行α－和β－萘酚的分离姜忠义，陈洪钫（天津大学化工系天津３０００７２）关键词硫酸酯酶，萘酚，异构体，分离，反应机理萘酚有α－和β－两种异构体，两者均为重要的有机原料和染料中间体，但又各有专门用途，须将其分离［１］．传统的分离方法条件苛刻、...     

HMI体系下系列沸石子筛的动态合成与表征

在HMI体系中，采用水热动态晶化法，通过对Si/Al比，碱度，晶化温度，晶化 时间等反应条件进行调变，合成出纯相的MOR，ANA，MCM－56，MCM－49和MCM－22 等多种结构的沸石分子筛，发现反应物Si/Al比决定合成产物的物相，通过XRD， TG－DTA，SEM和TEM等方法研究了分子筛的物理化学性质并对HMI体系中合成的MOR 和ANA的晶体特征进行了表征分析。     

微量元素既可载舟又可覆舟

“先天不足”和“后天失调”的全球性“元素病”，引起了各国政府的关注。中国政府出台了一系列法律文件，成立了国家级的相应机构进行调研和治理。与此同时，加大了元素科学和生命科学的教育和宣传力度，取得可喜的成绩，控制了“碘缺乏病”和“硒缺乏病”，儿童锌缺乏率和儿童铅超标率下降。为了减少各种慢性病的发病率，     

乙烷部分氧化制C2氧化物用Fe－Al－P－O催化剂的研究Ⅰ．超细Fe－Al－P－O催化剂的制备与表征

 用溶胶－凝胶法制备了超细Fe－Al－P－O催化剂，并用DTA－TG，BET，TEM，XRD，TPR和IR等技术研究了催化剂的微观组成和结构及其晶格氧活性，探讨了催化剂的制备工艺，考察了溶胶－凝胶的形成机理、凝胶干燥及焙烧条件对催化剂微观组成和结构的影响规律．结果表明，Fe－Al－P－O催化剂呈非晶态，是具有均匀分布的超细粒子（10nm），其比表面积大（238m2／g），晶格氧活性高．FePO4和AlPO4间隔分布在催化剂表面，形成Lewis碱位（P＝O，P－O－Fe）和Lewis酸位（Fe3＋，Al3＋）．     

Zr-Ni/Al2O3催化剂上苯由H2O2氧化直接氨基化制苯胺

用浸渍法制备了Ni／Al2O3和Zr-Ni／Al2O3催化剂，用于以过氧化氢为氧化剂的苯直接氧化胺化制苯胺反应，并对催化剂进行了程序升温还原、室温氧吸附和氢吸附及XRD表征，结果表明，我们所制的Ni基催化剂对苯胺的生成都有活性，加入Zr后，催化剂中Ni物种更分散，低温可还原物种增加，室温吸氧和吸氢能力都增强，反应活性和对目标产物的选择性增大，Zr一方面使Ni物种进一步分散，增大催化剂的吸氢量和表面可还原Ni物种，有利于C-H键的活化；同时Zr与Ni的相互作用，促进了低温可还原物种的生成，使催化剂室温吸氧量增大，有利于苯的氧化，这种Zr和Ni的协同作用提高了催化剂的活性和选择性，催化剂的制备方法影响Zr与Ni的协同作用，使含Zr的两个催化剂的活性和选择性显示出差异。     

提高USY型FCC催化剂硫转移和催化裂化活性的研究

采用镁、铈、镧和磷对USY型FCC催化剂进行改性，采用FT IR分析方法对改性催化剂的表面酸性进行了表征，研究了硫转移活性组分对催化剂的硫转移和催化裂化活性的影响。结果表明，多次氧化 还原循环后，改性催化剂仍保持较好的硫转移活性，可以达到60%以上。镁的引入会减少基质和分子筛表面强酸的数量，少量镁的引入对催化裂化活性影响不大，铈和镧的引入会使分子筛和基质的表面酸量得到显著增加，提高催化裂化活性，但同时会引起焦炭的增加，磷改性可改善基质和分子筛表面酸性，抑制焦炭的产生，保持催化裂化活性的同时使汽油中的烯烃质量分数下降6%。     

我国建立未知细菌快速筛查技术

近13完成的一项“十五”国家科技攻关课题，研究人员成功建立了未知细菌快速筛查技术体系，他们以16SrRNA序列分析为基础，采取毒力和毒素基因鉴定方法，能够直接使用临床标本，在最短的时间内鉴定未知或不可培养的细菌，对细菌性新发传染病做出准确判断。科研人员建立了相关的数据库和临床标本细菌检测体系，建立了细菌毒力岛和毒素基因检测芯片，以及重要致病细菌毒素和毒力岛基因的二级核酸数据库及分析软件。其中细菌16SrDNA保守核酸序列数据库属国际首创，细菌毒力岛和毒素基因检测芯片属国内首创。该技术是将临床标本处理后，使用细菌16SrRNA的通用引物，直接进行PCR扩增、克隆和测序。然后将获得的16SrRNA序列，与已经发表的序列进行比较，同时进行毒力和毒素基因的检测和筛查，     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

钒与糖代谢及糖尿病

微量元素钒作为生物体内必需元素，经证实有很重要的生理学功能，与机体糖代谢有十分密切的关系，且能降低糖尿病动物模型的高血糖，极有可能被开发为治疗糖尿病的药物。     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.     

Synthesis of Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol Glycofuranosides and Their Biochemical and Biological Activities in Cell-Free and Cellular Assays

Tyrosol (T) and hydroxytyrosol (HOT) and their glycosides are promising candidates for applications in functional food products or in complementary therapy. A series of phenylethanoid glycofuranosides (PEGFs) were synthesized to compare some of their biochemical and biological activities with T and HOT. The optimization of glycosylation promoted by environmentally benign basic zinc carbonate was performed to prepare HOT α-L-arabino-, β-D-apio-, and β-D-ribofuranosides. T and HOT β-D-fructofuranosides, prepared by enzymatic transfructosylation of T and HOT, were also included in the comparative study. The antioxidant capacity and DNA-protective potential of T, HOT, and PEGFs on plasmid DNA were determined using cell-free assays. The DNA-damaging potential of the studied compounds for human hepatoma HepG2 cells and their DNA-protective potential on HepG2 cells against hydrogen peroxide were evaluated using the comet assay. Experiments revealed a spectrum of different activities of the studied compounds. HOT and HOT β-D-fructofuranoside appear to be the best-performing scavengers and protectants of plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells. T and T β-D-fructofuranoside display almost zero or low scavenging/antioxidant activity and protective effects on plasmid DNA or HepG2 cells. The results imply that especially HOT β-D-fructofuranoside and β-D-apiofuranoside could be considered as prospective molecules for the subsequent design of supplements with potential in food and health protection.     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.