The synthesis of quaternary ammonium salts from ammonium salts and dialkyl carbonate

Quaternary ammonium salts were synthesized from ammonium salts and dialkyl carbonates over an ionic liquid catalyst 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide.     

Synthesis of ammonium salts ofO-substitutedN-nitrohydroxylamines

Ammonium salts ofO-substitutedN-nitrohydroxylamines were synthesized by nitration ofO-substitutedN-benzoyl- orp-nitrobenzoy1hydroxylamines followed by treatment of the reaction products with an alcohol solution of ammonia.Translated fromIzvestiya Akadernii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 132–134, January, 1996.     

Thermal decomposition of ammonium dinitramide and mechanism of anomalous decay of dinitramide salts

Thermal decomposition of ammonium dinitramide proceedsvia homolytic rupture of the N−NO₂ bond and partially by the proton transfer reaction. The monomolecular decay of the anion to N₂O and NO₃ ⁻ in the solid state at 60 °C occurs with higher rates than those in the melt. This is related to a change in the reactivity of the anion due to the violation of its symmetry on going to the solid state. The absence of hydrogen bonds between the anion and cations or water molecules is an additional condition for the fast decay. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 50–54, January, 1999.     

Hydrates and ammonium salts of 4-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid: supramolecular organization and its relation to proton conductivity

Structural features, the crystal packing, and the proton conductivity of a series of hydrates and ammonium salts of 4-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid were studied. It was shown that infinite cation associates containing the onium moiety are responsible for a substantial increase in the proton conductivity. The nature of the disorder in a series of crystals was investigated by performing X-ray diffraction studies at different temperatures. A new type of structural synthons, viz., anion-anion dimers stabilized by the SO₃ ⁻…NO₂ interaction, was found and characterized and the role of solvent water molecules was elucidated based on high-resolution X-ray diffraction data. The water molecules serve mainly as channels for charge transfer from the cation to the anion with retention of the electroneutrality.     

Microwave synthesis of quaternary ammonium salts

The microwave synthesis of several quaternary ammonium salts is described. The synthesis provides comparable or better yields than published methods with reduced reaction times and in the absence of solvent.     

Some tetra-substituted ammonium salts of the thiazole series

A series of monomethiodides of 2-amino(or 2-methyl- and 2-phenyl)-4-(N-cycloalkylamino)methylthiazoles are synthesized. It is shown that in these compounds the nitrogen atom of the cycloalkylamino group is quaternized.     

Some tetra-substituted ammonium salts of the thiazole series

A series of monomethiodides of 2-amino(or 2-methyl- and 2-phenyl)-4-(N-cycloalkylamino)methylthiazoles are synthesized. It is shown that in these compounds the nitrogen atom of the cycloalkylamino group is quaternized.     

On the principles and mechanism of the combustion of ammonium perchlorate

Conclusions The dependence of the rate of combustion of ammonium perchlorate on the pressure, temperature, particle size, density, and addition of ammonium chloride was studied, and a mechanism of the combustion of ammonium perchlorate was formulated on the basis of the principles obtained.     

Electrolyte conductivity of salts in hexamethylphosphotriamide

Precise conductivity measurements are reported for twenty-two 1:1 salts in hexamethylphosphotriamide at 25°C. The results have been analyzed using the full versions of the equations of Fuoss-Hsia and of Pitts for the conductivity of the free ions. TheK _A andΛ ^∞ values are consistent with strong cation solvation but weak anion solvation by the solvent. Earlier results for salts in related solvents have been reanalyzed for comparative purposes.     

On the mechanism of increasing ion conductivity in hybrid membranes

Ion conductivity of hybrid membrane materials with incorporated nanoparticles of inorganic compounds and polyaniline was considered. A new theory of semielasticity of membrane pore walls was suggested in order to explain the phenomenon of increasing ion conductivity in such systems. It was assumed that in the low humidity region an additional contribution to the conductivity increase is made by the transfer over the incorporated nanoparticles surface.     

Ethyl­ammonium and diethyl­ammonium salts of chloranilic acid

In the crystals of two title salts of chloranilic acid (2,5‐di­chloro‐3,6‐di­hydroxy‐p‐benzo­quinone), namely ethyl­ammonium chloranilate, C₂H₈N⁺·C₆HCl₂O₄^?, (I), and diethyl­ammonium chloranilate, C₄H₁₂N⁺·C₆HCl₂O₄^?, (II), the chloranilate ions are present as a hydrogen‐bonded dimer which has an inversion center. The ethyl­ammonium and diethyl­ammonium ions link the dimers through N—H?O hydrogen bonds, forming a three‐dimensional hydrogen‐bond network in (I) and a one‐dimensional chain in (II).     

Synthesis of diquaternary ammonium salts of hexamethylenediamine

Summary Diquaternary ammonium salts based on hexamethylene-1,6-bisdirnethylamine and -chloroethylalkylacetals have been synthesized.     

The Stevens rearrangement of propargyl-containing ammonium salts

The Stevens rearrangement of ammonium salts with two propargyl group at the ammonium nitrogen results in the formation of amines containing acetylene-acetylene and acetylene-allene fragments.     

Analytical application of high-molecular quaternary ammonium salts

Summary The anion-exchange extraction of a great number of mineral, organic and metal complex anions by solutions of quaternary ammonium-salts (QAS) in different solvents, including intermediate exchange with acidic dye anions, has been investigated. Extraction-photometric methods and ion-selective electrodes for the determination of organic and metal complex anions have been developed. Simple methods for synthesis and purification of QAS are described and their self-association has been investigated by electroconductivity and interphase distribution.

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Analytische Anwendung von hochmolekularen quaternären Ammoniumsalzen