Reconfigurable wideband to narrowband antenna using tunable EBG structure

In this paper, frequency reconfigurable electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure that integrates with a wideband antenna is proposed. The EBG structure consists of a circular patch shorted to the ground plane and a secondary circular patch connected to the circular patch. Switches are positioned between the via and the ground plane and by controlling the state of the switch, the band-stop operation of the EBG can be activated or deactivated. In order to control the single and dual band-stop operation, another switch is place between the circular patch and the secondary circular patch. The EBG structure is then placed underneath the feed line of a wideband antenna. The antenna is capable of reconfiguring to three different frequency bands. The proposed antenna has the potential to provide useful features for the wireless communication applications.     

一种辐射零点可控的紧凑型滤波贴片天线

提出了一种辐射零点可控的紧凑型滤波贴片天线。该滤波天线以基本的微带贴片天线为原型,主要由一个简单的金属辐射贴片和两个对称的分割形槽组成。两个分割形槽蚀刻在金属贴片上,使得高/低频段分别产生两个宽边辐射零点,从而引入滤波选频功能。该结构未引入额外滤波电路和其他寄生单元,节省了空间尺寸,结构更加紧凑;两个辐射零点独立可控,提高了设计的灵活度。且在实现滤波选频功能的同时,对天线增益的影响很小。利用HFSS仿真软件优化滤波天线结构,制作了一个实物模型并进行了测试。测试结果与仿真结果基本一致。测试结果表明,提出的滤波天线工作在2.40 GHz,两个独立可控的辐射零点分别位于1.96 GHz和2.66 GHz,平均实际增益约为7.0 dBi,带外抑制水平超过39 dB。     

Gain enhancement of an electrically small antenna array using metamaterials

This paper presents the enhancement of radiated power ratio of a two-dipole array of infinitesimal dipole elements, separated by an infinitesimal distance. It is shown that a properly constructed metamaterial shell configuration with optimized material parameters surrounding the dipole can cancel both the self- and the mutual reactances of the array system. Simultaneously, a very high radiated power ratio is realized for the array system even in the presence of strong mutual coupling between the array elements. This potentially leads to the development of highly efficient ultra-compact antenna arrays. In addition, by using a material of non-unity permittivity surrounding the array system, uniform radiated power ratio characteristics can be achieved with the variation in the metamaterial shell thickness. This removes the major drawback in the practical design of the metamaterial shell proposed earlier for the radiated power ratio enhancement of a single dipole. Very good matching characteristics are obtained for the antenna configuration demonstrating almost complete cancelation of the reactive power of the array system. The frequency dispersive behavior of the antenna configuration is investigated using the lossless and lossy Drude models.     

级联电磁带隙结构对双频微带天线互耦的影响

一种均匀面片尺寸的图钉型电磁带隙结构只能实现一个表面波带隙,而将不同参数的图钉型电磁带隙结构级联可以实现多个或宽带的表面波带隙。利用不同金属面片尺寸的图钉型电磁带隙结构级联的方法实现双带的表面波带隙。设计两种均匀的电磁带隙结构,使其带隙范围分别覆盖天线的两个工作频带,然后将这两种结构级联起来,加载于两个缝隙天线单元之间。仿真分析和实验结果表明,级联型的电磁带隙结构可以有效抑制表面波,在两个频率带内同时减小互耦。     

Antipodal radiation pattern of a patch antenna combined with superstrate using transformation electromagnetics

This paper aimed to show the design and performances of a flat superstrate placed above an L-band patch antenna. Obtained from the Transformation Electromagnetics technique, this superstrate enables to produce an antipodal radiation with a quasi-null radiation in the broadside direction. From the analytical transformations used for the calculation of the constitutive parameters, material permittivity and permeability profiles of the superstrate are deduced. Then, the field distribution and radiation patterns of the whole structure confirm the antipodal radiation behavior.     

一种新型宽带定向性贴片天线设计

利用超材料概念,通过在接地面上蚀刻条形缝隙图案,并引入"八木"天线中的反射器和引向器的设计思想,设计并且制作了一种超宽带强定向型贴片天线.仿真结果表明,天线相对带宽为65.3%(6.9—13.6 GHz),带内回波损耗均在-10 d B以下,整个频段内天线的增益均在4.4 d Bi以上.由于接地板上蚀刻的超材料结构的左手特性影响了天线介质基底的等效媒质参数,天线电磁场的传播方向被改变,天线辐射场主要集中在水平方向而不是传统贴片天线的垂直方向.在传统的贴片天线上引入反射器和引向器增强了天线的方向性.实验结果与仿真结果有较好的一致性.     

Investigation of a nanostrip patch antenna in optical frequencies

This is the first report and investigation of a patch antenna in optical frequency range. Variety of plasmonic nanoantenna reported so far is good at enhancing the local field intensity of light by orders of magnitude. However, their far-field radiation efficiency is very poor. The proposed patch antenna emits a directional beam with high efficacy in addition to enhancing the intensity of near field. The nano-patch antenna (NPA) consists of a square patch of gold film of dimension 480 nm², placed on a substrate of dielectric constant \( \varepsilon_{\text{r}} \)  = 3.9 and thickness 150 nm with a ground plane of gold film of dimension 1,080 nm². The NPA resonates at 210 THz and has gain nearly 2 dB and radiation efficiency 45.18 %. The NPA might be useful in variety of applications such as optical communication, nano-photonics, biosensing, and spectroscopy.     

Investigation of a patch antenna based on I-shaped left-handed material

The paper investigated a patch antenna based on I-shaped left-handed materials by using the method of finite difference time domain (FDTD). The results show that there exists a wave resonance state at 6.7 GHz, where the real part of the permittivity and permeability are all negative; the effect has largely enhanced the electromagnetic wave's resonance intensity, and has improved the localized extent of electromagnetic energy obviously in such medium, resulting in a higher antenna gain, a lower return loss, and a better improvement of the antenna's characteristics. Due to such advantages, the applications of patch antennas can be extended to such fields as mobile communication, satellite communication, aviation, etc.     

Radiation properties of microstrip patch antenna covered with an anisotropic dielectric layer and a plasma sheath

By using SO-FDTD method, radiation properties of microstrip patch antenna covered with an anisotropic dielectric layer and a plasma layer are investigated. Simulation results show that the resonant frequency of antenna covered with a plasma layer varies with different plasma parameters. It has been indicated that the frequency offset of antenna is as high as 120 MHz when plasma frequency changes from 1 GHz to 8 GHz. The effect on antenna covered with an anisotropic dielectric layer is analyzed, while altering the dielectric constant or thickness of dielectric layer. Finally, the peak gain of antenna in complex plasma environment is presented in detail.     

Radio-over-fibre distribution using an optical D-fibre antenna

Finite element analysis has been used to characterise an all-fibre antenna using circular core D-fibre. The optical D-fibre carrying a transversely poled piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride polymer coating was modelled by using three-dimensional stress analysis. The response of the D-fibre antenna was determined over a wide frequency range from 1 to 800 MHz. The modelling predicts that the electric-field-induced strains will cause a phase shift of 2.43×10⁻⁵ rad/(V/m) per metre at 5 MHz. At frequencies higher than 8 MHz, the optical response is dominated by radial resonances of the D-fibre/coating composite. Using the simulation results, an electric-field-induced phase shift of 7.35×10⁻⁵ rad/(V/m) per metre has been obtained. An increase in phase modulation sensitivity by a factor of three compared to conventional circular fibre has been achieved by utilising the unique properties of the D-fibre structure. The D-fibre antenna has potential applications in areas such as EMC testing and radio-over-fibre networks where it provides a convenient means of optically generating radio signals.     

Finite difference time domain analysis of a photonic crystal substrate patch antenna

Planar microstrip patch antennas can achieve a wide range of radiation patterns. However, due to surface-wave losses, they have low bandwidth, low gain, and a potential decrease in radiation efficiency. In order to minimize the surface-wave effects, a photonic-band gap (PBG) substrate is proposed. The PBG structure significantly diminishes the surface-wave modes and thus improves the gain and far-field radiation pattern and efficiency. In this paper, using FDTD, an accurate full-wave analysis of surface-wave propagation in a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with and without PBG is presented. Finally, the antenna fabricated and result of measurement was compared with numerical simulation.     

Focusing of a sound beam in an underwater waveguide using a vertical antenna

We propose a method for calculating the amplitude-phase distributions of signals on the elements of an emitting antenna for generating narrow wave beams and field focusing at given points of the waveguide. The efficiency of the method is confirmed by the data of a field experiment conducted in Lake Ladoga.     

宽带高功率贴片天线阵列辐射特性

 为提高宽带高功率微波辐射天线的总体功率容量和增益,研究了2×2宽带高功率贴片天线阵列的阵元互耦特性、馈电功分器设计及对宽带电磁脉冲的辐射特性。阵元采用宽带高功率双层贴片天线,分析了阵元反射和互耦系数随阵元间距的变化关系,结合增益变化曲线,选取阵元间距为30 cm。优化设计了1分4的同轴功分器,采用阻抗渐变方法,提高了功分器的带宽,使其在224~415 MHz时的反射系数小于0.1。模拟了带功分器的完整天线阵,结果表明天线阵带宽达到了57.4％,280~390 MHz频带范围内的增益大于12 dB,在360 MHz时达到最大增益14.23 dB,对中心频率320 MHz,带宽10％的宽带电磁脉冲辐射效率为868％,峰值功率增益大于11 dB。     

A new double L-shaped multiband patch antenna on a polymer resin material substrate

The design and prototyping of a new double L-shaped patch antenna on substrate of available low cost polymer resin composite material is presented. The designed microstrip line fed compact antenna consists of a planar double L-shaped slotted radiating patch, 1.6 mm thick substrate and ground plane. The proposed small antenna was designed and analyzed using a finite-element method-based, commercially available, high frequency structure simulator, and fabricated on a printed circuit board. The measured ?10 dB return loss bandwidths were 220 MHz and 650 MHz at 4.85 GHz and 8.10 GHz center frequencies. The corresponding symmetric and almost steady radiation patterns have peak gains of 7.6 dBi and 4.1 dBi, making the proposed antenna suitable for C and × band wireless applications, especially for WLANs, mobiles and satellites. The radiation efficiency, input impedance and current distribution of the proposed antenna were also analyzed.     

Performance of a compact,spiral coil heat exchanger

A spiral coil heat exchanger consists of a number of horizontal layers of spirally wound, finned tubes connected to vertical manifolds at the inner and outermost turns of each coil. This design has advantages in heat recovery and air-conditioning applications. Two theoretical models to predict the performance of this compact heat exchanger are presented based upon unmixed and mixed air-flow considerations. Results of experimental studies on a laboratory model of the spiral coil heat exchanger agree well with the predicted performance of the theoretical models. Charts of effectiveness vs NTU suitable for design are presented.     

Decoupling technique of patch antenna arrays with shared substrate by suppressing near-field magnetic coupling using magnetic metamaterials

In this paper,we propose the decoupling technique of patch antenna array by suppressing near-field magnetic coupling(NFMC) using magnetic metamaterials.To this end,a highly-integrated magnetic metamaterials,the substrate-integrated split-ring resonator(SI-SRR),is firstly proposed to achieve negative permeability at the antenna operating frequency.By integrating SI-SRR in between two closely spaced antennas,magnetic fields are blocked in the shared substrate due to negative permeability of SI-SRR,reducing NFMC between the two antennas.To verify the technique,a prototype was fabricated and measured.The measured results demonstrated that the isolation can be enhanced by more than 17 dB even when the gap between the two patch antennas is only about 0.067 A.Due to high integration,this technique provides an effective alternative to high-isolation antenna array.