磁化铁氧体材料电磁散射递推卷积-时域有限差分方法分析

根据递推卷积原理，将磁化铁氧体材料的频域磁导率过渡到时域，通过引入时域复数磁化率张量和时域复数磁感应强度矢量，提出了磁化铁氧体材料电磁散射的三维时域有限差分方法.为了验证该方法，用它计算了磁化铁氧体球的后向雷达散射截面，与文献结果符合很好.计算结果表明，该方法是分析磁化铁氧体材料电磁散射一种可行的方法. 关键词： 递推卷积 磁化铁氧体 电磁散射 时域有限差分方法     

300#研究堆寿期内上联箱铝材中子注量分析

材料在辐照过程中所受的中子注量是辐照性能研究中的一个重要参数。上联箱铝材作为300#研究堆关键结构材料,经历了从反应堆首次临界到退役的全过程,极具材料辐照效应研究价值。为获取整个反应堆运行寿期内的上联箱中子注量水平,须克服堆芯装载变化频繁与堆芯不断扩大装载两大关键难点,故提出了堆芯归并等效计算方法。通过该方法的成功应用,得到了300#研究堆寿期内上联箱铝材的中子注量,并进行了误差分析。     

多孔和复合媒质直流电导率的计算方法(Ⅱ)——应用于各向同性和各向异性复合材料

本文系统地讨论了复合媒质直流电导率的第一性原理计算方法,导出了计算定域各向异性的复合材料的有效电导率的积分方程,提出了计算有效电导率张量的简便方法。我们计算了定域各向异性材料的有效电导率张量。还发展了计算无周期性的更一般的复合材料的理论方法。另外,本文提出积分方程近似计算的一种新方法(双基展开法)。该方法可用于对孔隙度大的复杂结构作精确的理论计算,并具有节省计算时间的优点。 关键词：     

多孔材料的温度和压强计算

多孔材料内部含有大量孔隙,孔隙一旦塌陷就回归为密实物质.但孔隙塌陷沉积的能量将提升基体材料的温度,导致热力学状态量发生变化.尤其是在冲击波压缩下,多孔材料的温升很高,温度变化对其他热力学状态量的变化影响很大,因此解决多孔材料的温度计算是不可回避的问题.本文在研究Grneisen通用函数γ_v(v)的基础上,将密实材料的德拜温度函数通过数学的方法,延拓到多孔材料的密度范围,建立了多孔材料的等效德拜温度函数θ(v);并据此推导出了多孔材料的等熵温度函数T_s(v).再借鉴多孔材料0 k等熵功相等的假设,建立了多孔材料与密实材料在相等压强下等熵功相等的计算模型,给出了多孔材料的等熵压强函数于是,齐备了冲击波压缩下多孔材料温度和压强计算的参考方程,即温度方程T_s(v)和压强方程p_s(v).为了检验本文方法的有效性,以Cu为例计算了孔隙度m=1.13,1.22,1.41,1.56,1.98等5种多孔材料的冲击压强和冲击温度,计算结果与实验数据相符较好.同时,用其他方法做了计算,两种方法计算结果的比较,显示出本文计算方法的可靠性.     

三氧化钨电致变色薄膜最佳掺杂含量的理论计算

介绍电致变色薄材料最佳掺杂含量的定量理论。该理论建立了电子薄膜材料的某一物理性能与晶体结构、制备方法和掺杂剂含量之间的联系，给出了一个能够拟合实验曲线的具有确定物理意义的抛物线方程。该方程的极值点确定了最佳掺杂含量与晶体结构和制备方法之间的定量关系，进而得到了一个最佳掺杂含量的表达式。分析三氧化钨电致变色薄膜材料的掺杂改性的实验结果，应用最佳掺杂含量表达式定量计算了三氧化钨以及三氧化钼电致变色薄膜材料的最佳掺杂含量，定量计算的结果与实验数据相符合。该理论方法也适用于其他材料最佳掺杂粒子数分数的理论计算。     

基于表面阻抗边界条件的等离子体薄涂层电磁散射的时域有限差分分析

基于表面阻抗边界条件时域有限差分(FDTD)方法研究了一维斜入射情况下非磁化等离子体薄涂层涂敷金属材料的电磁散射特性, 该方法忽略对薄层背景材料进行网格剖分, 大大减少了计算量. 首先推导了理想导体涂敷等离子体薄涂层的表面阻抗频域表达式, 然后代入边界条件并变换到时域, 再用分段线性递推卷积方法将时域表达式离散得到FDTD迭代式. 编程计算了垂直及斜入射情形下的平行极化和垂直极化反射系数, 通过验证算例与解析解对比, 结果表明该方法的准确性和有效性. 最后利用该方法分析了不同入射角对反射系数的影响.     

干涉法测量橡胶材料杨氏模量的研究

橡胶材料杨氏模量的常见拉伸测量方法是光杠杆法,本文通过劈尖干涉的方法测量出橡胶条在轴向拉力作用下直径产生的微小变化量,由材料的本身的泊松比、直径变化量与杨氏模量之间的函数关系式,通过多次实验测量数据减少随机误差,并且分析计算了杨氏模量的最佳估计值和不确定度,实验结果表明该方法测量得到的杨氏模量与理论值误差在1.5%左右,最大相对不确定度约为1.2%.     

利用激光散斑测量透明材料的折射率

提出了通过利用激光散斑测量光束横向位移量来测量透明材料折射率的方法.光线在被测材料表面的入射角为0°和3°的条件下,分别记录被测材料在不同厚度时的二次曝光散斑图像;在其功率谱的逆傅里叶变换光场中存在3个自相关强度分布,通过测量相邻2个自相关峰峰值点的间距,即可计算出在该材料厚度不同时所引入的光束横向位移量.再根据光束横...     

一种计算固体冷能、冷压和结合能的新方法

 给出了利用Hugoniot参数计算材料冷能、冷压和结合能的一种新方法，对52种纯元素单质固体材料的计算表明，该方法的计算误差较小，对计算碱金属等外层电子数较少的材料效果尤佳。利用文中给出的冷能、冷压公式，计算出的铝、铜、银和锌等材料的冲击绝热线与实验数据符合得非常好。     

蜗壳进口周向非均匀流动的数值研究

本文提出一种考虑进口非均匀流动的蜗壳流场计算方法。该方法通过叶轮出口边界与蜗壳进口边界上静压分布的迭代计算,并逐步修正蜗壳入口气流方向模拟叶轮与蜗壳内流场的相互作用。通过计算结果表明:该方法计算量小,且能获得一定程度的蜗壳进口非均匀流动。     

Finite difference computation of acoustic scattering by small surface inhomogeneities and discontinuities

The use of finite difference schemes to compute the scattering of acoustic waves by surfaces made up of different materials with sharp surface discontinuities at the joints would, invariably, result in the generations of spurious reflected waves of numerical origin. Spurious scattered waves are produced even if a high-order scheme capable of resolving and supporting the propagation of the incident wave is used. This problem is of practical importance in jet engine duct acoustic computation. In this work, the basic reason for the generation of spurious numerical waves is first examined. It is known that when the governing partial differential equations of acoustics are discretized, one should only use the long waves of the computational scheme to represent or simulate the physical waves. The short waves of the computational scheme have entirely different propagation characteristics. They are the spurious numerical waves. A method by which high wave number components (short waves) in the wave scattering process is intentionally removed so as to minimize the scattering of spurious numerical waves is proposed. This method is implemented in several examples from computational aeroacoustics to illustrate its effectiveness, accuracy and efficiency. This method is also employed to compute the scattering of acoustic waves by scatterers, such as rigid wall acoustic liner splices, with width smaller than the computational mesh size. Good results are obtained when comparing with computed results using much smaller mesh size. The method is further extended for applications to computations of acoustic wave reflection and scattering by very small surface inhomogeneities with simple geometries.     

Dispersion relations of axisymmetric wave propagation in initially twisted bi-material compounded cylinders

This paper investigates the dispersion relations of axisymmetric wave propagation in initially twisted bi-material compound cylinders, within the scope of the piecewise homogeneous body model, utilizing 3D linearized wave propagation theory in an initially stressed body. It is assumed that the constituents of the compound cylinder are isotropic and homogeneous. The corresponding eigen-value problem is formulated and the solution method for this problem as well as the algorithm for obtaining the numerical results is developed. The numerical results illustrate the influence of the initial twisting of the compound cylinder on the dispersion of the axisymmetric wave propagation as presented and discussed in the present paper. In particular, it is established that as a result of the existence of the initial twisting, at least in one constituent of the considered compound cylinder, the axisymmetric longitudinal and torsional waves cannot propagate separately, i.e. the new type axisymmetric waves, which differ from the axisymmetric torsional and longitudinal waves, must appear.     

Determining attenuation properties of interfering fast and slow ultrasonic waves in cancellous bone

Previous studies have shown that interference between fast waves and slow waves can lead to observed negative dispersion in cancellous bone. In this study, the effects of overlapping fast and slow waves on measurements of the apparent attenuation as a function of propagation distance are investigated along with methods of analysis used to determine the attenuation properties. Two methods are applied to simulated data that were generated based on experimentally acquired signals taken from a bovine specimen. The first method uses a time-domain approach that was dictated by constraints imposed by the partial overlap of fast and slow waves. The second method uses a frequency-domain log-spectral subtraction technique on the separated fast and slow waves. Applying the time-domain analysis to the broadband data yields apparent attenuation behavior that is larger in the early stages of propagation and decreases as the wave travels deeper. In contrast, performing frequency-domain analysis on the separated fast waves and slow waves results in attenuation coefficients that are independent of propagation distance. Results suggest that features arising from the analysis of overlapping two-mode data may represent an alternate explanation for the previously reported apparent dependence on propagation distance of the attenuation coefficient of cancellous bone.     

Measurement of shock waves using phase shifting pulsed holographic interferometer

A phase shifting pulsed holographic interferometer was applied to the experimental study of the propagation of laser-induced shock waves over metal plates. A double-pulsed ruby laser was used to generate the shock waves and to make a holographic interferogram of the wave fields. The phase shifting method with a dual-reference beam solved the sign ambiguity problem in holographic fringe patterns and allowed a quantitative evaluation of the phase of the interference patterns. The transient surface profile and propagation behavior of the shock wave over plates were investigated from the holographic fringe patterns.     

Analysis of plasma sheath propagation attenuation based on ray tracing

Based on the complex Snell's law of lossy media, a ray tracing method is proposed to study the propagation attenuation characteristics of electromagnetic (EM) waves in plasma sheaths. The plasma sheath is modelled as layered media. This method considers the complex ray characteristics of inhomogeneous plane EM waves, tracks the propagation rays of EM waves in each layer of media, and calculates the propagation attenuation of EM waves in each layer of media according to the propagation direction of the complex rays. The attenuation during numerical cumulative propagation is the total attenuation of EM waves through the plasma sheath. By comparing the results with that obtained from the WKB method, the accuracy of the ray tracing algorithm is proved. The results of the propagation attenuation of a blunt cone model are calculated by the proposed method, and the effects of different parameters on the EM wave propagation attenuation in the plasma sheath are analysed at different heights, velocities, incident angles, and incident positions. Studying the propagation characteristics of EM waves in the plasma sheath is of importance in application for radar target tracking, blackout communication, and other issues.     

Coupled perturbed modes and internal solitary waves

Coupled perturbed mode theory combines conventional coupled modes and perturbation theory. The theory is used to directly calculate mode coupling in a range-dependent shallow water problem involving propagation through continental shelf internal solitary waves. The solitary waves considered are thermocline depressions, separating well-mixed upper and lower layers. The method is fast and accurate. Results highlight mode coupling associated with internal solitary waves, and mode capture or loss to and from the discrete mode spectrum.     

A tunable optical diode based on gyrotropic metamaterials in the field of ultrasonic waves

The modified Ambartsumyan method of addition of layers is used for solving the problem of oblique light propagation through a layer of gyrotropic metamaterial in the field of two counterpropagating ultrasonic waves. It is shown that the studied system can operate as a tunable optical diode. The possibility of controlling the system parameters by changing the parameters of ultrasonic waves is studied.     

A new method for reflection and radiation analysis of dielectric rod antenna excited with the HE11 mode

A new method, which combines the edge-element method with the mode-matching procedure, is developed for the reflection and radiation analysis of the dielectric rod antenna excited by the HE₁₁ hybrid mode. Unlike the conventional method to treat the radiation as a “source-field” problem, in the present approach, the eigenvalue problem of the dielectric guided-wave structure is calculated first, and then the radiation problem is transferred to the propagation problem of a series of surface waves and space waves from the viewpoint of scattering. As a result, the analysis procedure is tremendously simplified. Numerical results calculated with the present method agree well with those given in the literature; thus the effectiveness of the present approach is verified.     

Laser ultrasonic anomalous wave propagation imaging method with adjacent wave subtraction: Application to actual damages in composite wing

Laser ultrasonic wave propagation imaging methods have great potential for integrated structural health management and non-destructive evaluation. However, application of these techniques to complex structures in the field is difficult because they give rise to complicated wave propagation patterns. We developed an anomalous wave propagation imaging method with adjacent wave subtraction using laser ultrasonic scanning to solve this problem. The proposed method is suitable for non-destructive evaluation of complex structures because it highlights the propagation of anomalous waves related to structural discontinuities, and suppresses complex incident waves without the need of pre-stored reference data. In this study, the method was applied to a real composite wing subjected to bending and impact tests. The method enhanced the visibility of the anomalous waves related to damages such as stringer tip debonding, skin-spar debonding, and invisible impact damage. Based on these anomalous waves, variable time window amplitude mapping was performed to show the damage location, size, and shape resemble to the actual damage. Comparisons showed that the methods performed better than the ultrasonic A-scan in terms of damage detection and sizing accuracy. The presence of structural elements such as spars, stringers, ribs, and surface-mounted PZT elements did not adversely affect the inspection. The proposed wing test setup with a built-in ultrasonic propagation imaging system for automatic NDE could be easily expanded throughout a hanger for maintenance inspection.     

Numerical and experimental study on the wave attenuation in bone--FDTD simulation of ultrasound propagation in cancellous bone

In cancellous bone, longitudinal waves often separate into fast and slow waves depending on the alignment of bone trabeculae in the propagation path. This interesting phenomenon becomes an effective tool for the diagnosis of osteoporosis because wave propagation behavior depends on the bone structure. Since the fast wave mainly propagates in trabeculae, this wave is considered to reflect the structure of trabeculae. For a new diagnosis method using the information of this fast wave, therefore, it is necessary to understand the generation mechanism and propagation behavior precisely. In this study, the generation process of fast wave was examined by numerical simulations using elastic finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and experimental measurements. As simulation models, three-dimensional X-ray computer tomography (CT) data of actual bone samples were used. Simulation and experimental results showed that the attenuation of fast wave was always higher in the early state of propagation, and they gradually decreased as the wave propagated in bone. This phenomenon is supposed to come from the complicated propagating paths of fast waves in cancellous bone.