宠物食品中三聚氰胺及三聚氰酸的液相色谱串联质谱法分析

三聚氰胺(Melamine)为白色或无色结晶,常用于合成树脂的生产.三嗪类农药环丙氨嗪(Cyromazine)在极端的pH条件下或者光降解的条件下也能生成三聚氰胺.近来,不法厂商将三聚氰胺添加到宠物食品中引起宠物死亡的事件,得到广泛关注.因此,如何快速准确地分析食品中的三聚氰胺成为食品企业、食品监管机构和广大民众密切关注的问题.     

固相萃取与高效液相色谱联用测定宠物食品中三聚氰胺

1引言三聚氰胺(m elam ine)为白色或无色结晶,通常用于塑料制品中合成树脂的生产,在高温和酸性条件下能引起三聚氰胺转移到食品中。近来,一些不法厂商将三聚氰胺添加到宠物食品中导致宠物死亡,引起广泛关注。因此,如何快速、准确地分析食品中的三聚氰胺成为食品企业,食品监管机     

二季戊四醇磷酸酯三聚氰胺盐的合成及阻燃性能测试

以磷酸、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺为原料,通过酸醇直接酯化和烘焙中和两步反应合成膨胀型阻燃剂二季戊四醇磷酸酯三聚氰胺盐,并对烘焙中和反应条件及其在聚乙烯中的阻燃性能进行了研究.确定最佳合成条件:n (二季戊四醇磷酸酯):n (三聚氰胺)=1:1;反应温度130-140℃;反应时间3-4h.将此阻燃剂添加到聚乙烯中,样品重量35...     

CdS修饰玻碳电极电化学发光法检测三聚氰胺

本文将CdS纳米棒修饰到玻碳电极上制作了CdS修饰玻碳电极(CdS/GCE)并研究了其在K2S2O8溶液中的电化学发光(ECL)性能.基于三聚氰胺能淬灭CdSK2s2O8电化学发光的性质建立了一种检测三聚氰胺的方法.在最优条件下,体系的ECL强度与三聚氰胺浓度在1.0×10-9～1.0×10-7 mol/L范围内与EC...     

三聚氰胺在双色谱柱串联模式下的色谱保留研究

研究了亲水相互作用色谱柱串联C_(18)柱上三聚氰胺的色谱保留,并应用牛奶基质中三聚氰胺的高效分离。将HILIC柱与C_(18)柱串联,研究不同色谱柱串联顺序及色谱分离条件下三聚氰胺的保留情况,结果表明:当流动相为乙腈-乙酸铵(10mmol/L)=85∶15(v/v)、柱温30℃、流速0.75mL/min、检测波长220nm、HILIC柱在前C_(18)柱在后串联时,三聚氰胺分离效果最佳。在最佳的色谱条件下,对市售牛奶进行测定,未检测出三聚氰胺,加标回收率在81.1%～119%,三聚氰胺在双柱模式下分析效果良好。     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮保护的纳米银可视化检测三聚氰胺

本文在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)保护下制得银纳米粒子(AgNPs),当在pH为8.69的B-R缓冲溶液条件下,向AgNPs溶液中加入三聚氰胺后,AgNPs在392nm波长处的吸光度降低,并在长波处出现新的吸收峰,且AgNPs在392nm处的吸光度降低值(△A)与三聚氰胺的浓度呈现良好的线性关系。基于此,建立了一种灵敏检测三聚氰胺的方法,线性范围为5.0×10~(-8)~2.0×10~(-6) mol/L(相关系数r=0.9951)。三聚氰胺的浓度在0.1×10~(-6)~2.0×10~(-6) mol/L范围,AgNPs溶液的颜色变化可以直接用肉眼分辨,由此可以建立一种三聚氰胺的可视化半定量检测方法。建立的方法能用于合成样品和牛奶中三聚氰胺含量的检测。     

胶束毛细管电动色谱法在线富集联用技术灵敏检测乳制品和饲料样品中的三聚氰胺

建立了胶束毛细管电泳(MEKC)在线富集技术灵敏检测三聚氰胺的方法,采用场放大进样(FASS)联用胶束扫集(Sweep)测定多种样品中的三聚氰胺.试样用乙腈反复提取3次,在优化实验条件下,三聚氰胺的检测灵敏度提高了约1000倍,检出限由原来的2 mg/L降到1.8 μg/L(S/N=3).本方法用于配方奶粉和动物饲料中...     

金纳米粒子作探针共振瑞利散射光谱法测定牛奶中三聚氰胺

在PBS缓冲体系中, 金纳米粒子与三聚氰胺形成粒径较大的聚集体, 导致共振瑞利散射(RRS)强度显著增强, 在一定条件下, 散射强度(ΔIRRS)与三聚氰胺浓度成正比, 由此建立了以金纳米粒子作光谱探针检测鲜牛奶中三聚氰胺的新方法. 在优化的实验条件下, 当三聚氰胺的浓度为3.3×10^－8～4.7×10^－7 mol/L时, 其线性关系为: ΔI _{RRS＝106.98C－28.279, R²＝0.9971, 检出限为2.7×10^－8 mol/L. 本方法金纳米粒子无需修饰, 在体系中仅加入一定量的单链寡聚核苷酸(T10), 实验表明该方法具有简便、快速、灵敏度高及选择性好等特点.}     

巴比妥酸衍生物荧光增强法快速测定牛奶中的三聚氰胺

建立了一种简单快速测定三聚氰胺的方法. 在pH=7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中, 三聚氰胺与巴比妥酸衍生物(DBA)形成稳定的氢键, 使三聚氰胺的荧光强度显著增强, 由此建立了巴比妥酸衍生物荧光增强测定牛奶中三聚氰胺的新方法. 在优化的条件下, 该方法的线性范围为12.5~1250 μg/L, 检出限为7.5 μg/L, 相对标准偏差为2.06%, 样品平均加标回收率为96.62%. 本方法简便、快速、准确, 可用于大量牛奶样品中三聚氰胺的快速检测.     

自组装有序纳米银线表面增强拉曼光谱检测牛奶中三聚氰胺

制备具有表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)增强效果的基底是获得灵敏SERS检测的基础.本研究以多元醇法合成、流体流动法组装制备的有序纳米银线作为三聚氰胺的SERS增强基底,实现了样品中痕量三聚氰胺的快速灵敏检测.通过理论计算及实验考察得到了三聚氰胺的拉曼特征峰,优化了三聚氰胺在有序纳米银线基底上的SERS检测条件.在pH=8、水为溶剂、溶剂挥发时间为14 min的最佳条件下,三聚氰胺特征峰强度与浓度在0.05 ～ 1.00 mg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,其线性相关系数R=0.997,检测限为0.05 mg/L.在牛奶中添加不同浓度的三聚氰胺,其回收率为89.7％～ 109.2％,相对标准偏差低于6.8％.本方法对三聚氰胺检测具有很好的灵敏度和稳定性,为其它小分子化合物的SERS检测提供技术支持.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.