Reactions of the sterically hindered organosilicon diol (Me3Si)2C(SiMe2OH)2 and some of its derivatives

The diol R₂C(SiMe₂OH)₂ (R = Me₃Si) has been shown to react with: SO₂Cl₂ to give R₂ Me₂; SOCl₂ to give R₂C(SiMe₂Cl)₂; Me₃SiI or Me₃SiCl to give R₂C(SiMe₂OSiMe₃)₂; R′COCl; (R′ = Me or CF₃) to give R₂C(SiMe₂O₂CR′)-(SiMe₂Cl); (R′CO)₂O (R′ = Me or CF₃ to give R₂C(SiMe₂O₂CR′)₂; with MeOH containing acid to give R₂C(SiMe₂OMe)₂; with neutral MeOH to give R₂C-(SiMe₂OMe)₂ and probably R₂ Me₂; MeLi to give R₂C(SiMe₂OLi)₂ (and the latter to react with PhMeSiF₂ to give R₂ Me₂). The diacetate R₂C(SiMe₂O₂CMe)₂ reacts with CsF in MeCN to give R₂C(SiMe₂F)₂; it does not react with NaN₃ or KSCN in MeCN, but the bis(trifluoroacetate) reacts with these salts with KOCN to give R₂C(SiMe₂X)₂ (X = N₃, NCS, NCO).     

Synthesis, structure and reactivity of [(CF3)3GePt(PPh3)2]2Hg

The reaction of Pt(PPh₃)_n (n = 3 or 4) with [(CF₃)₃Ge]₂Hg or (CF₃)₃GeHgPt(PPh₃)₂Ge(CF₃)₃ (I) gives a stable diplatinum complex [(CF₃)₃GePt(PPh₃)₂]₂Hg (II). X-Ray analysis has established that compound II contains a Ge---Pt---Hg---Pt---Ge chain of C₂ symmetry. Both of the Pt atoms have distorted square-planar coordinations. The bond lengths are: Pt---Hg, 2.630(2) and 2.665(2) Å; Ge---Pt, 2.410(4) and 2.407(4) Å.

Compound II reacts with dihydrogen in THF solution under mild conditions to give mercury and the hydride (CF₃)₃GePt(PPh₃)₂H. On interaction of II with R₂Hg organomercurials (R = Cl, Et, GeEt₃, Ge(CF₃)₃, Ge(C₆F₅)₃) an unknown reaction takes place: Pt(PPh₃)₂ moieties migrate from the polymetallic grouping into the substrate with the formation of the corresponding RHgPt(PPh₃)₂R complexes or their demercuration products, R₂Pt(PPh₃);, (R = Cl, Et). The latter react further with complex I formed in the first step of the process to give Hg and (CF₃)₃GePt(PPh₃)₂R. The reaction schemes are discussed.     

Theoretical and experimental ionization potentials of (CH3)2S and (CH3)2SO. The effect of substituents R on the sulphur ESCA shifts in the series R2S, R2SO, R2SO2

Theoretical and experimental inner shell ionization potentials (IP) have been determined for (CH₃)₂S and (CH₃) ₂SO. This information is combined with other data to draw conclusions on the effect of methyl and phenyl substituents in the series R₂S, R₂SO and R₂SO₂, on the chemical shifts of the sulphur ²P IP. It was found that while methyl substitution has no significant effect on the chemical shifts of the sulphur ²P IP, phenyl substition modifies them significantly implying a donation of electron density from the phenyl groups to sulphur.     

Systematische untersuchungen über das verhalten von organozinnverbindungen gegenüber flüssigem schwefeldioxid II. Reaktionen von arylstannanen mit flüssigem SO2

The behaviour of tetraarylstannanes, R₄Sn (R = C₆H₅CH₂, C₆H₅, o-, m-, p-CH₃C₆H₄), towards SO₂ under various conditions has now been studied in detail. Compared to aliphatic tetraorganostannanes, the variability of the reaction products is much less, so that in nearly all cases only disulfinates, R₂Sn(O₂SR)₂, are formed. The aromatic tin(IV) mono-, di- and tri-sulfinates are also obtained by metathetical reaction between the corresponding organotin halides and sodium sulfinates. A unique feature of triaryltin chlorides, R₃SnCl (R = C₆H₅, o-, m-, p-CH₃C₆H₄), is their disproportionation in liquid SO₂ leading to disulfinates, R₂Sn(O₂SR)₂, and dichlorides, R₂SnCl₂. (p-CH₃C₆H₄)₂SnCl₂, under more efficient conditions, also accepts SO₂ forming (p-CH₃C₆H₄SO₂)₂SnCl₂. The structural investigations of the newly prepared compounds are carried out on the basis of their IR and ¹H NMR spectra.     

Supersilylating agents from chlorosilanes

The addition of R₃SiCl to B(OTf)₃ gives “supersilylating agents” formulated as R₃SiB(OTf)₃Cl. The catalytic properties of these species are similar to those of the previously-described (but less accessible) R₃SiB(OTf)₄.     

Valence and core ionization energies for SiH4, H3SiCl and H3CCl from SCF and PNO-CEPA calculations

Valence and core ionization energies for the molecules SiH₄, H₃SiCl and H₃CCl have been obtained from RHF-SCF and PNO-CEPA wavefunctions. The calculated vertical ionization energies IE_n^v(n = 1, 2, 3) agree within about 0.2 eV with the PE spectroscopically determined values for SiH₄, H₃SiCl and H₃CCl. The increase in IE₁^v for H₃SiCl relative to H₃CCl, which has been previously ascribed to a different d-orbital participation in the two molecules, is already reproduced by calculations with (s, p) basis sets. The ΔSCF method has been used to predict several core ionization energies. In addition, relative intensities calculated for the ionizations into the ²A₁ states of SiH₄⁶ are compared with available experimental data, and some spectroscopic constants for SiH₄ and its ionic states are predicted.     

Germanium and silicon compounds as promoters for Re2O7/SiO2-Al2O3 metathesis catalysts

The effect of replacement of R₄Sn by germanium and silicon derivatives as the promoter for the catalyst system Re₂O₇/SiO₂-Al₂O₃ in the metathesis of hex-1-ene, and the system Re₂O₇/B₂O₃/SiO₂-Al₂O₃ in the metathesis of methyl oleate, was studied. The new promoters react slowly with the rhenium oxide. An activation time of about 15 min at temperatures varying from 50 to 75 °C is required for obtaining a good catalytic activity. These promoters can replace the toxic tin compounds, although they give rise to lower turnover numbers in the metathesis of methyl oleate.     

Primary yields of CH3O and CH2OH radicals resulting in the radiolysis of high purity methanol

The triethylsilane radical R₃^•Si, produced by radiolysis in an airfree methanol/silane-system, acts as a specific scavenger for the CH₃^•O and ^•CH₂OH transients with rate constants, k₁₄(R₃^•Si + CH₃^•O) = 1.1 x 10⁸ dm³ mol^-1s^-1 and k₁₅(R₃^•Si + ^•CH₂OH) = 0.7 x 10⁸ dm³ mol^-1s^-1, resulting in R₃Si—OCH₃ (triethylmethoxysilane) and R₃Si—CH₂OH (triethylsilylmethanol). By increasing the silane concentration (range: 10^-2-6 mol dm^-3 R₃SiH) the formation of the otherwise major products of methanol radiolysis, formaldehyde and glycol, is successively reduced to nil. The yield of R₃Si—CH₂OH, studied under the same conditions, passes a maximum at about 0.8 mol dm^-3 R₃SiH and then also diminishes. On the other hand, the yield of R₃Si—OCH₃ is increased correspondingly and reaches an interpolated value of G = 3.75 ± 0.1 at 4 mol dm^-3R₃SiH. This indicates that the radical CH₃^•O (G = 3.75 ± 0.1) is the primary radiolytic transient of methanol in addition to H, e^-_sol etc., but not ^•CH₂OH species. The latter one is obviously formed by the secondary reaction: CH₃^•O + CH₃OH→ CH₃OH + ^•CH₂OH.     

Ethylene homo- and copolymerization using (nBuCp)2ZrCl2 grafted on silica modified with different spacers

(nBuCp)₂ZrCl₂ was grafted on a series of modified silica and evaluated in ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization and their performance was compared with the homogenous system and with that resulting from its immobilization on bare silica. Silica was modified by polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS), Me₃SiCl, Ph₃SiOH, SnCl₄, isodrin and aldrin. (nBuCp)₂ZrCl₂ grafted on PMHS-modified silica afforded the catalyst with the highest activity. Comonomer incorporation, melting point and polydispersity was shown to be dependent on the catalyst nature. Bimodality was observed in the case of ethylene homopolymerization employing PMHS-silica-based catalysts.     

Organopolysilane oligomers bearing transition-metal moieties: Synthesis, reactivities and molecular structure of [η-Me3SiMe2SiC5H4(CO)Fe(CO)2Fe(CO)-η-C5H4SiMe2SiME3]

Reaction of Me₃SiMe₂SiC₅H₅ (4), prepared from Me₃SiMe₂SiCl and C₅H₅Na, with Fe(CO)₅ in refluxing xylene afforded the title compound (3). The silicon-silicon bond in 3 is exceptionally stable in refluxing xylene and also in succeeding reactions to prepare a series of its derivatives. Thus, 3 reacted with I₂ in either chloroform or benzene, giving [η⁵-Me₃SiMe₂SiC₅H₄Fe(CO)₂I] (6). Compound 3 was reduced by sodium amalgam and reacted subsequently with CH₃I, PhCH₂Cl, CH₃COCl, PhCOCl, Cy₃SnCl (Cy = cyclohexyl) and Ph₃SnCl, producing [η⁵-Me₃SiMe₂SiC₅H₄Fe(CO)₂R][7 : R = CH₃ (a), PhCH₂ (b), CH₃CO (c), PhCO (d), Cy₃Sn (e) and Ph₃Sn (f), respectively]. The molecular structure of 3 has been determined by X-ray diffraction crystallography. It was found that 3 has a trans-configuration with a symmetrical centre located at the middle of the Fe---Fe bond. It is abnormal that the conformation of the disilane part around the Si---Si bond is almost eclipsed rather than staggered.     

Syntheses and crystal structures of lithium derivatives of diphosphanes R2P–P(SiMe3)Li · 3L, R = Ph, Pr and Pr2N, L = THF or DME

The reactions of R₂P–P(SiMe₃)₂ (R = Ph, ⁱPr and ⁱPr₂N) with BuLi in THF or DME solution lead to ion-contacted lithium derivatives R₂P–P(SiMe₃)Li · 3THF (R = ⁱPr, ⁱPr₂N) with tetrahedrally surrounded Li atoms and to the solvent-separated ionic [Li · 3DME]⁺[Ph₂P–PSiMe₃]⁻ with an octahedrally surrounded Li atom as confirmed by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The reaction of BuLi with Ph₂P–P(SiMe₃)₂ is accompanied with a significant side-reaction leading to Ph₂P–PPh₂ and to LiP(SiMe₃)₂.     

Synthesis and structural behavior of the P-functional organotin chlorides [Ph2P(CH2)3]2SnCl2, Ph2P(CH2)3SnCl2Me, and Ph2P(CH2)nSnCl3 (n=2, 3)

The P-functional organotin dichloride [Ph₂P(CH₂)₃]₂SnCl₂ (3) is synthesized by reaction of Ph₂P(CH₂)₃MgCl with SnCl₄ independently of the molar ratio of the starting compounds. The corresponding organotin trichlorides Ph₂P(CH₂)_nSnCl₂R (4: n=2, R=Cl; 5: n=3, R=Cl; 6: n=3, R=Me) are formed in a cleavage reaction of Ph₂P(CH₂)_nSnCy₃ (n=2, 3) with SnCl₄ or MeSnCl₃, respectively. The main features of the crystal structures of 3–6 are both intra- and intermolecular PSn coordinations and the existence of intermolecular Sn---ClSn bridges. For further characterization of the title compounds, the adducts 4(Ph₃PO)₂ (7) and 5(Ph₃PO) (8), as well as the P-oxides and P-sulfides of 3–6 (9–15), are synthesized. The results of crystal structure analyses of 7, 11, 12, and 14 are reported. The structures of 9–15 are characterized by intramolecular P=XSn interactions (X=O, S). A first insight into the structural behavior of the compounds 3–15 in solution is discussed on the basis of multinuclear NMR data.     

AQUEOUS PHASE SYNTHESIS OF(RC_5H_4)_2Ti(O_2CC_6H_4X)_2

Nine complexes(RC_5H_4)_2Ti(O_2CC_6H_4X)_2(R=H,CH_3;X=H,o-Cl,o-OH,o-NH_2,o-NHPh)have been conveniently prepared by the reaction of(RC_5H_4)_2TiCl_2 with 2 equiv.sodium salts of corresponding carboxylic acidin aqueous solution containing acetylacetone.The carboxylate ligands inthe complexes coordinate to titanium atom in monodentate mode.     

Molecular structure and internal rotation potential of perfluoro (2,4-dimethyl-3-oxa-2,4-diazapentane), (CF3)2N–O–N(CF3)2

Ab initio quantum chemical calculation were performed on R₂N–O–NR₂ type (R=H, F, CH₃ and CF₃) molecules, using the HF, B3LYP and MP2/6-31G* levels of theory. The equilibrium structures and the internal rotation potentials have been determined. Three stable conformers were found for R=H, F and CH₃ while only two in case of R=CF₃. The rotation potential energy curves do not change significantly upon fluorination. The calculations suggests that in the ED measurement of the title compound the NC and NO bond length might have been interchanged.     

WO3的引入对MnOx-Fe2O3催化剂上NH3-SCR反应中N2选择性的促进作用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同含量钨修饰的MnO_x-Fe₂O₃催化剂,重点考察WO₃的引入对NH₃-SCR反应中N₂选择性的影响,通过XRD、BET、XPS、H₂-TPR、Raman和In situ DRIFTS等手段对催化剂的物理化学性质进行表征。结果表明,钨的引入显著提高NH₃-SCR的N₂选择性,当WO₃质量分数为15%时,具有最佳的NH₃-SCR催化性能,且在50-250℃条件下N₂O浓度始终低于0.003%。这主要是由于适量WO₃的引入,导致催化剂物相由α-Fe₂O₃向γ-Fe₂O₃转变,并与锰相互作用形成新的无定型MnWO₄,获得较大的比表面积;使得Mn⁴⁺/（Mn³⁺+Mn⁴⁺）比例减少但Fe²⁺及表面化学吸附氧（O_α）含量增加,从而降低催化剂氧化性;增强催化剂表面的Lewis酸性位点的含量及强度,增强NH₃的吸附,促进了SCR反应,同时抑制了NO₂深度氧化形成硝酸盐物种,降低硝酸盐物种还原产生的副产物N₂O含量,从而显著提高WO₃-MnO_x-Fe₂O₃催化剂在NH₃-SCR中的N₂选择性。     

Perfluormethyl-element-liganden : XXXI. Ligandeneigenschaften von Me2PP(CF3)2 und Me2AsP(CF3)2

The coordinating properties of the trifluoromethyl elemental compounds Me₂PP(CF₃)₂ and Me₂AsP(CF₃)₂ have been studied by the synthesis and spectroscopic investigations (IR, NMR, MS) of their complexes cis-M(CO)₄L₂ (A), [(CO)₄ML]₂ (B) and [(CO)₅M]₂L (C) (M = Cr, Mo, W). Complexes of type A with L = Me₂PP(CF₃)₂ are obtained in good yield by reaction with M(CO)₄NBD (NBD = norbornadiene), whereas with L = Me₂AsP(CF₃)₂ the homobinuclear compounds B are formed. The attempt to prepare the cis-M(CO)₄[Me₂AsP(CF₃)₂]₂ complexes by treating M(CO)₄(Me₂AsH)₂ with P₂(CF₃)₄ is successful only for M = W. Binuclear compounds of type B or C, in general, can be prepared by stepwise reaction of the ligands with either M(CO)₄NBD or M(CO)₅THF.     

The reactivity of dimethylaluminum hydride with the aminoarsines Me2AsNMe2, MeAs(NMe2)2, and As(NMe2)3

The reactions of (Me₂AlH)₃ with Me₂AsNMe₂, MeAs(NMe₂)₂, and As(NMe₂)₃ were investigated as a function of time at room temperature and over the temperature range −90 to 24°C by use of ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. (Me₂AlH)₃ was found to be very reactive toward the aminoarsines, even at −90°C, and no stable Me₂AlH-aminoarsine adducts were observed. Instead, the initial stages of the reactions involved AS---N bond cleavage with the generation of highly reactive AlN- and AsH-bonded species. The subsequent course of each reaction and the final arsenic-containing product distribution depended upon the original AL:N stoichiometric ratio and the respective aminoarsine. When the Al:N ratio was 1:1, the reactions were straightforward for each aminoarsine. However, in every case, [Me₂AlNMe₂]₂ was the final AlN-containing product. Independent reactions were carried out to verify many of the proposed decomposition pathways that lead to thermodynamically stable products. The results of this study are compared with those of the analogous, previously reported (Me₃Al)₂-aminoarsine systems. Additionally, a new synthetic route to [Me₂AlAsMe₂]₃ has been established from the reaction of (Me₂AlH)₃ with Me₂AsH.     

Novel iodoammonium cations: Synthesis and characterization of o-C6H4(NH2)2IX (X = I, AsF6, AlI4)

The new iodoammonium salts o-C₆H₄(NH₂)₂I⁺I⁻ (1) and o-C₆H₄(NH₂)₂I⁺ AsF₆⁻ (2) were prepared by reaction of o-phenylene diamine with I₂ or I₃⁺AsF₆⁻, respectively. Compound 1 reacts with AlI₃ yielding quantitatively the corresponding tetraiodoaluminate o-C₆H₄(NH₂)₂I⁺AlI₄⁻ (3). The species were characterized by chemical analysis, vibrational (IR and Raman) and temperature-dependent ¹H NMR spectropscopy. Direct evidence for a N---I bond was found in the Raman spectra of 1, 2 and 3 (ν(NI) = 599–600 cm⁻¹).     

A theoretical study of the reaction of SiH2 with C2H2 and C2D2

Potential energy surfaces of the reaction of SiH₂ and C₂H₂ (and C₂D₂) have been calculated by means of ab initio molecular orbital theory at the QCISD/6-311G++(2df, 2p)//MP2/6-31G(d, p) level with corrections for the triple excitations to the QCISD energies. The barrier heights for the two reaction channels of the adduct, thus calculated, were further utilized for the dynamical calculation of the rate constants in the framework of quantum statistical Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel theory. Contributions of the rate constants of the various pathways to the total rate constant (K_T) for the disappearance of the reactants are critically examined and compared with experiment. The pressure dependence of K_T(C₂H₂) is primarily due to the formation of silirene. K_T(C₂D₂) is consistently higher than K_T(C₂H₂). The standard heat of formation of silirene is predicted to be 72.1 ± 3 kcal/mol. Rearrangement of silirene to vinylsilylene requires an activation energy smaller than that to silylacetylene.     

Ab initio study of the two competitive channels HO2 + H → H2 + O2 and HO2 + H → H2O + O

Saddle point geometries and barrier heights have been calculated for the H abstraction reaction HO₂(²A″)+H(²S) → H₂(¹Σ⁺_g)+O₂(³Σ⁻_g) and the concerted H approach-O removing reaction HO₂ (²A″)+H(²S) → H₂O(¹A₁)+O(³P) by using SDCI wavefunctions with a valence double-zeta plus polarization basis set. The saddle points are found to be of C_s symmetry and the barrier heights are respectively 5.3 and 19.8 kcal by including size consistent correction. Moreoever kinetic parameters have been evaluated within the framework of the TST theory. So activation energies and the rate constants are estimated to be respectively 2.3 kcal and 0.4×10⁹ ℓ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹ for the first reaction, 20.0 kcal and 5.4.10⁻⁵ ℓ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹ for the second. Comparison of these results with experimental determinations shows that hydrogen abstraction on HO₂ is an efficient mechanism for the formation of H₂ + O₂, while the concerted mechanism envisaged for the formation of H₂O + O is highly unlikely.