Integral equation methods for scattering by infinite rough surfaces

In this paper, we consider the Dirichlet and impedance boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation in a non‐locally perturbed half‐plane. These boundary value problems arise in a study of time‐harmonic acoustic scattering of an incident field by a sound‐soft, infinite rough surface where the total field vanishes (the Dirichlet problem) or by an infinite, impedance rough surface where the total field satisfies a homogeneous impedance condition (the impedance problem). We propose a new boundary integral equation formulation for the Dirichlet problem, utilizing a combined double‐ and single‐layer potential and a Dirichlet half‐plane Green's function. For the impedance problem we propose two boundary integral equation formulations, both using a half‐plane impedance Green's function, the first derived from Green's representation theorem, and the second arising from seeking the solution as a single‐layer potential. We show that all the integral equations proposed are uniquely solvable in the space of bounded and continuous functions for all wavenumbers. As an important corollary we prove that, for a variety of incident fields including an incident plane wave, the impedance boundary value problem for the scattered field has a unique solution under certain constraints on the boundary impedance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On radiation conditions for rough surface scattering problems

^** Email: arens{at}numathics.com^*** Email: hohage{at}math.uni-goettingen.de It is well known that Sommerfeld's radiation condition is nota valid characterization of outgoing waves for scattering problemsat rough surfaces. Instead, a radiation condition called upwardpropagating radiation condition (UPRC) is commonly used. Recently,a different radiation condition called the pole condition hasbeen investigated for scattering problems at bounded obstacles.In this paper we show the equivalence between the UPRC and thepole condition. In doing so, we give a rigorous interpretationof a formula called the angular spectrum representation forDirichlet data in the space of bounded continuous functions.     

Variational Approach to Scattering by Inhomogeneous Layers Ab ove Rough Surfaces

In this paper, we study, via variational methods, the problem of scattering of time harmonic acoustic waves by unbounded inhomogeneous layers above a sound soft rough surface. We first propose a variational formulation and exploit it as a theoretical tool to prove the well-posedness of this problem when the media is non-absorbing for arbitrary wave number and obtain an estimate about the solution, which exhibit explicitly dependence of bound on the wave number and on the geometry of the domain. Then, based on the non-absorbing results, we show that the variational problem remains uniquely solvable when the layer is absorbing by means of a priori estimate of the solution. Finally, we consider the finite element approximation of the problem and give an error estimate.     

Variational Approach to Scattering by Inhomogeneous Layers Above Rough Surfaces

In this paper, we study, via variational methods, the problem of scattering of time harmonic acoustic waves by unbounded inhomogeneous layers above a sound soft rough surface. We first propose a variational formulation and exploit it as a theoretical tool to prove the well-posedness of this problem when the media is non-absorbing for arbitrary wave number and obtain an estimate about the solution, which exhibit explicitly dependence of bound on the wave number and on the geometry of the domain. Then, based on the non-absorbing results, we show that the variational problem remains uniquely solvable when the layer is absorbing by means of a priori estimate of the solution. Finally, we consider the finite element approximation of the problem and give an error estimate.     

The Kirsch-Kress method for inverse scattering by infinite locally rough interfaces

This paper is concerned with the inverse problem of reconstructing an infinite, locally rough interface from the scattered field measured on line segments above and below the interface in two dimensions. We extend the Kirsch-Kress method originally developed for inverse obstacle scattering problems to the above inverse transmission problem with unbounded interfaces. To this end, we reformulate our inverse problem as a nonlinear optimization problem with a Tikhonov regularization term. We prove the convergence of the optimization problem when the regularization parameter tends to zero. Finally, numerical experiments are carried out to show the validity of the inversion algorithm.     

Analysis of the scattering by an unbounded rough surface

This paper is concerned with the mathematical analysis of the solution for the wave propagation from the scattering by an unbounded penetrable rough surface. Throughout, the wavenumber is assumed to have a nonzero imaginary part that accounts for the energy absorption. The scattering problem is modeled as a boundary value problem governed by the Helmholtz equation with transparent boundary conditions proposed on plane surfaces confining the scattering surface. The existence and uniqueness of the weak solution for the model problem are established by using a variational approach. Furthermore, the scattering problem is investigated for the case when the scattering profile is a sufficiently small and smooth deformation of a plane surface. Under this assumption, the problem is equivalently formulated into a set of two‐point boundary value problems in the frequency domain, and the analytical solution, in the form of an infinite series, is deduced by using a boundary perturbation technique combined with the transformed field expansion approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Method for Solving the Inverse Scattering Problem for Shape and Impedance of Crack

The inverse problem considered in this paper is to determine the shape and the impedance of crack from a knowledge of the time-harmonic incident field and the corresponding far field pattern of the scattered waves in two-dimension. The combined single- and double-layer potential is used to approach the scattered waves. As an important feature, this method does not require the solution of $u$ and $\partial u / \partial \nu$ at each iteration. An approximate method is presented and the convergence of this method is proven. Numerical examples are given to show that this method is both accurate and simple to use.     

Scattering of an incident acoustic wave by an infinite elastic cylinder in a shallow sea

The scattering of sound waves by an isotropic elastic circular cylinder of infinite extent in a water of finite depth is investigated taking into account the shear waves that can exist in addition to compressional waves in scatterers of solid material. The axis of the cylinder is parallel to the water level. The reflected and transmitted energies are plotted for the various values of the radius of the cylinder, and the farfield scattered pressure is obtained for various depth and presented in a graphical form. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Second-Order Method for the Electromagnetic Scattering from a Large Cavity

In this paper,we study the electromagnetic scattering from a two dimen- sional large rectangular open cavity embedded in an infinite ground plane,which is modelled by Helmholtz equations.By introducing nonlocal transparent boundary con- ditions,the problem in the open cavity is reduced to a bounded domain problem.A hypersingular integral operator and a weakly singular integral operator are involved in the TM and TE cases,respectively.A new second-order Toeplitz type approximation and a second-order finite difference scheme are proposed for approximating the hyper- singular integral operator on the aperture and the Helmholtz in the cavity,respectively. The existence and uniqueness of the numerical solution in the TE case are established for arbitrary wavenumbers.A fast algorithm for the second-order approximation is pro- posed for solving the cavity model with layered media.Numerical results show the second-order accuracy and efficiency of the fast algorithm.More important is that the algorithm is easy to implement as a preconditioner for cavity models with more general media.     

阻尼边界条件散射问题的数值解法

该文研究了光滑区域上二维Helmholtz方程阻尼边界条件外问题的数值解法, 应用单双层位势组合来逼近散射场, 因此积分方程中含有超奇异算子. 给出了超奇异算子的离散化方法, 在Holder空间中给出了误差估计和解析边界的收敛性分析. 最后针对该方法给出数值实例, 以表明该方法的有效性.     

Fast approximate computation of a time-harmonic scattered field using the on-surface radiation condition method

The numerical study of the on-surface radiation condition methodapplied to two- and three-dimensional time-harmonic scattering problems is examined. This approach allows us to quickly computean approximate solution to the initial exact boundary-valueproblem. A general background for the numerical treatment ofarbitrary convex-shaped objects is stated. New efficient on-surfaceradiation conditions leading in a natural way to a symmetricalboundary variational formulation are introduced. The approximationis based upon boundary finite-element methods. Moreover, thisstudy requires a specific numerical treatment of the curvatureoperator. To this end, a numerical procedure using some resultsabout the theory of local approximation of surfaces is described.Finally, the effectiveness and generality of the approach isnumerically tested for several scatterers.     

Reflection of plane waves by rough surfaces in the sense of Born approximation

The topic of the present paper is the reflection of electromagnetic plane waves by rough surfaces, that is, by smooth and bounded perturbations of planar faces. Moreover, the contrast between the cover material and the substrate beneath the rough surface is supposed to be low. In this case, a modification of Stearns’ formula based on Born approximation and Fourier techniques is derived for a special class of surfaces. This class contains the graphs of functions where the interface function is a radially modulated almost periodic function. For the Born formula to converge, a sufficient and almost necessary condition is given. A further technical condition is defined, which guarantees the existence of the corresponding far field of the Born approximation. This far field contains plane waves, far‐field terms such as those for bounded scatterers, and, additionally, a new type of terms. The derived formulas can be used for the fast numerical computations of far fields and for the statistics of random rough surfaces. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Electromagnetic scattering from perturbed surfaces

This paper studies the scattering of electromagnetic waves from a (local) perturbation of a fixed surface, the boundary of a given obstacle in ?³. The goal is to produce an algorithm for solving boundary value problems in the exterior of the perturbed domain solely based on the knowledge of the Green function for the original surface. This is done by solving a boundary integral equation which only involves the perturbed portion of the boundary. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A METHOD FOR SOLVING THE INVERSE SCATTERING PROBLEM FOR SHAPE AND IMPEDANCE

The inverse problem considered in this paper is to determine the shape and the impedance of an obstacle from a knowledge of the time-harmonic incident field and the phase and amplitude of the far field pattern of the scattered wave in two-dimension. Single-layer potential is used to approach the scattered waves. An approximation method is presented and the convergence of the proposed method is established. Numerical examples are given to show that this method is both accurate and easy to use.     

Preconditioning iterative algorithm for the electromagnetic scattering from a large cavity

A preconditioning iterative algorithm is proposed for solving electromagnetic scattering from an open cavity embedded in an infinite ground plane. In this iterative algorithm, a physical model with a vertically layered medium is employed as a preconditioner of the model of general media. A fast algorithm developed in (SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 2005; 27 :553–574) is applied for solving the model of layered media and classical Krylov subspace methods, restarted GMRES, COCG, and BiCGstab are employed for solving the preconditioned system. Our numerical experiments on cavity models with large numbers of mesh points and large wave numbers show that the algorithm is efficient and the number of iterations is independent of the number of mesh points and dependent upon the wave number. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Variational formulations for scattering in a three‐dimensional acoustic waveguide

Variational formulations for direct time‐harmonic scattering problems in a three‐dimensional waveguide are formulated and analyzed. We prove that the operators defined by the corresponding forms satisfy a Gårding inequality in adequately chosen spaces of test and trial functions and depend analytically on the wavenumber except at the modal numbers of the waveguide. It is also shown that these operators are strictly coercive if the wavenumber is small enough. It follows that these scattering problems are uniquely solvable except possibly for an infinite series of exceptional values of the wavenumber with no finite accumulation point. Furthermore, two geometric conditions for an obstacle are given, under which uniqueness of solution always holds in the case of a Dirichlet problem. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A radiation condition for uniqueness in a wave propagation problem for 2‐D open waveguides

We study the uniqueness of solutions of Helmholtz equation for a problem that concerns wave propagation in waveguides. The classical radiation condition does not apply to our problem because the inhomogeneity of the index of refraction extends to infinity in one direction. Also, because of the presence of a waveguide, some waves propagate in one direction with different propagation constants and without decaying in amplitude. We provide an explicit condition for uniqueness for rectilinear waveguides, which takes into account the physically significant components, corresponding to guided and non‐guided waves; this condition reduces to the classical Sommerfeld–Rellich condition in the relevant cases. By a careful asymptotic analysis we prove that the solution derived by Magnanini and Santosa (SIAM J. Appl. Math. 2001; 61 :1237–1252) for stratified media satisfies our radiation condition. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reconstructing small perturbations of an obstacle for acoustic waves from boundary measurements on the perturbed shape itself

We derive relationships between the shape deformation of an impenetrable obstacle and boundary measurements of scattering fields on the perturbed shape itself. Our derivation is rigorous by using a systematic way, based on layer potential techniques and the field expansion (FE) method (formal derivation). We extend these techniques to derive asymptotic expansions of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DNO) and Neumann-to-Dirichlet (NDO) operators in terms of the small perturbations of the obstacle as well as relationships between the shape deformation of an obstacle and boundary measurements of DNO or NDO on the perturbed shape itself. All relationships lead us to very effective algorithms for determining lower order Fourier coefficients of the shape perturbation of the obstacle.