On the Injective Tensor Product of Distinguished Frechet Spaces

An example of two distinguished Fréchet spaces E, F is given (even more, E is quasinormable and F is normable) such that their completed injective tensor product E?F is not distinguished. On the other hand, it is proved that for arbitrary reflexive Fréchet space E and arbitrary compact set K the space of E - valued continuous functions C(K, E) is distinguished and its strong dual is naturally isomorphic to ? where L¹(μ) = C(K)¹.     

A note on closed images of locally compact metric spaces

Summary A decomposition theorem about closed images of locally compact metric spaces is discussed. It is shown that a space is a closed image of a locally compact metric space if and only if it is a regular Fréchet space with a point-countable k-network, and each of its closed first-countable subset is locally compact.     

An Inverse Function Theorem for Fréchet Spaces Satisfying a Smoothing Property and (DN)

Classical inverse function theorems of Nash-Moser type are proved for Fréchet spaces that admit smoothing operators as introduced by Nash. In this note an inverse function theorem is proved for Fréchet spaces which only have to satisfy the condition (DN) of Vogt and the smoothing property (S_Ω)_t; for instance, any Fréchet-Hilbert space which is an (Ω)-space in standard form has property (S_Ω)_t. The main result of this paper generalizes a theorem of Lojasiewicz and Zehnder. It can be applied to the space C^∞(K) if the compact K ? ?^N is the closure of its interior and subanalytic; different from classical results the boundary of K may have singularities like cusps. The growth assumptions on the mappings are formulated in terms of the weighted multiseminorms [ ]m,k introduced in this paper; nonlinear smooth partial differential operators on C^∞(K) and their derivatives satisfy these formal assumptions.     

Holomorphic functions on strict inductive limits

We study strict inductive limits of Fréchet Montel (FM) spaces and reflexive Fréchet (RF) spaces and we obtain some interesting examples in the theory of infinite dimensional holomorphy. P_M(^kE′) and P_HY(^kE′) will denote respectively the set of all k-homogeneous polynomials on E′ that are bounded on bounded sets and the set of all k-homogeneous polynomials on E′ that are continuous on compact sets. ?_SM(^kE′) is the space of all symetric k -multilinear mappings from E′ × ... × E′ into C that are bounded on bounded sets. H_HY(E′) will denote the set of all G-analytic functions on E′ that are continuous on the compact subsets of E′.     

Bases and quasi‐reflexivity in Fréchet spaces

A Fréchet space E is quasi‐reflexive if, either dim(E″/E) < ∞, or E″[β(E″,E′)]/E is isomorphic to ω. A Fréchet space E is totally quasi‐reflexive if every separated quotient is quasi‐reflexive. In this paper we show, using Schauder bases, that E is totally quasi‐reflexive if and only if it is isomorphic to a closed subspace of a countable product of quasi‐reflexive Banach spaces. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Multiple positive solutions of boundary value problems for second-order discrete equations on the half-line

In this paper, we study the existence of multiple positive solutions of boundary value problems for second-order discrete equations Δ² x(n ? 1) ? pΔx(n ? 1) ? qx(n ? 1)+f(n, x(n)) = 0, n ∈ {1,2,…}, αx(0) ? βΔx(0) = 0, x(∞) = 0. The proofs are based on the fixed point theorem in Fréchet space (see Agarwal and O'Regan, 2001, Cone compression and expansion and fixed point theorems in Fréchet spaces with application, Journal of Differential Equations, 171, 412–42).     

Modified construction of nuclear Fréchet spaces without basis

Recently, B. Mitiagin and N. Zobin constructed an example of nuclear Fréchet space without basis. The essential modification of their constructions gives the following results. There exists such a nuclear Fréchet space X that for any nuclear Fréchet space Y the space X × Y has no basis (Sections 1 and 2). This fact has a lot of corollaries (Sect. 3); e.g., the space X × C^∞(R¹) having the maximal diametral dimension among nuclear Fréchet spaces nevertheless has no basis. One can also construct (Sect. 4) a nuclear Fréchet space $\text{X}\text{?}$ without strongly finite-dimensional decomposition (see Definition 0.1). In Section 5 some comments and open questions are given.     

Sard’s theorem for mappings between Fréchet manifolds

We prove an infinite-dimensional version of Sard’s theorem for Fréchet manifolds. Let M (respectively, N) be a bounded Fréchet manifold with compatible metric d _M (respectively, d _N ) modeled on Fréchet spaces E (respectively, F) with standard metrics. Let f : M → N be an MC ^k -Lipschitz–Fredholm map with k > max{Ind f, 0}: Then the set of regular values of f is residual in N.     

Reflexive operators with domain in Köthe spaces

It is proved that if a K?the space λ₁(A) is distinguished and E is an arbitrary Fréchet space then every reflexive map T: λ₁(A)→E (i.e., T maps bounded sets into relatively weakly compact ones) factorizes through a reflexive Fréchet space. An analogous result is proved for Montel maps (i.e., which map bounded sets into relatively compact ones). The result is a consequence of the fact proved also in this paper that, for a distinguished λ₁(A) space, the spaces of reflexive maps R(λ₁(A), C(K)) and of Montel maps M(λ₁(A), C(K)) are the Mackey completions of the spaces of weakly compact and compact maps, respectively. Consequences for spaces of vector-valued (weakly) continuous functions are also obtained. Received: 24 November 1997 / Revised version: 14 May 1998     

Expansions of k-spaces

Simple expansions and expansions by point finite and locally finite collections are studied for particular classes of k-spaces. All such expansions of Fréchet spaces are shown to be Fréchet, and sufficient conditions for the preservation of property P ? {k¹, sequential, k} under simple and locally finite expansions are established.     

Automatic continuity of n-homomorphisms between FrÉchet algebras

We impose a condition on a commutative regular Fréchet algebra (A, (p_m )) to ensure that A/kerp_m is a Fréchet Q-algebra. This implies that if θ is an n-homomorphism on certain Fréchet algebras (A, (p_m )) into semisimple commutative Fréchet algebras (B,(q_m)) such that θ(kerp_m) ? kerq_m, for large enough m, then θ is continuous. We also show that if A is a Fréchet Q-algebra, B is a semisimple Fréchet algebra, θ: A → B is a dense range n-homomorphism such that θ(A) is factorizable, and the spectral radius v_B is continuous on the separating space (θ), then θ is automatically continuous.     

Best approximation properties in spaces of measurable functions

We research proximinality of μ‐sequentially compact sets and μ‐compact sets in measurable function spaces. Next we show a correspondence between the Kadec–Klee property for convergence in measure and μ‐compactness of the sets in Banach function spaces. Also the property S is investigated in Fréchet spaces and employed to provide the Kadec–Klee property for local convergence in measure. We discuss complete criteria for continuity of metric projection in Fréchet spaces with respect to the Hausdorff distance. Finally, we present the necessary and sufficient condition for continuous metric selection onto a one‐dimensional subspace in sequence Lorentz spaces .     

Grothendieck spaces with the Dunford–Pettis property

Banach spaces which are Grothendieck spaces with the Dunford–Pettis property (briefly, GDP) are classical. A systematic treatment of GDP-Fréchet spaces occurs in Bonet and Ricker (Positivity 11:77–93, 2007). This investigation is continued here for locally convex Hausdorff spaces. The product and (most) inductive limits of GDP-space are again GDP-spaces. Also, every complete injective space is a GDP-space. For \({p\in \{0\}\cup[1,\infty)}\) it is shown that the classical co-echelon spaces k _p (V) and \({K_p(\overline{V})}\) are GDP-spaces if and only if they are Montel. On the other hand, \({K_\infty(\overline{V})}\) is always a GDP-space and k _∞(V) is a GDP-space whenever its (Fréchet) predual, i.e., the Köthe echelon space λ ₁(A), is distinguished.     

A quantitative version of Krein’s theorems for Fréchet spaces

For a Banach space E and its bidual space E ^′′, the following function ${k(H) : = {\rm sup}_{y\in\overline{H}^{\sigma(E^{\prime \prime},E^{\prime})}} {\rm inf}_{x\in E} \|y - x\|}$ defined on bounded subsets H of E measures how far H is from being σ(E, E′)-relatively compact in E. This concept, introduced independently by Granero [10] and Cascales et al. [7], has been used to study a quantitative version of Krein’s theorem for Banach spaces E and spaces C _p (K) over compact K. In the present paper, a quantitative version of Krein’s theorem on convex envelopes coH of weakly compact sets H is proved for Fréchet spaces, i.e. metrizable and complete locally convex spaces. For a Fréchet space E the above function k(H) reads as follows ${k(H) := {\rm sup}\{d(h, E) : h \in \overline{H}^{\sigma(E^{\prime \prime},E^{\prime})}\},}$ where d(h, E) is the natural distance of h to E in the bidual E ^′′. The main result of the paper is the following theorem: For a bounded set H in a Fréchet space E, the following inequality holds ${k(coH) < (2^{n+1} - 2) k(H) + \frac{1}{2^{n}}}$ for all ${n \in \mathbb{N}}$ . Consequently this yields also the following formula ${k(coH) \leq \sqrt{k(H)}(3 - 2\sqrt{k(H)})}$ . Hence coH is weakly relatively compact provided H is weakly relatively compact in E. This extends a quantitative version of Krein’s theorem for Banach spaces (obtained by Fabian, Hajek, Montesinos, Zizler, Cascales, Marciszewski, and Raja) to the class of Fréchet space. We also define and discuss two other measures of weak non-compactness lk(H) and k′(H) for a Fréchet space and provide two quantitative versions of Krein’s theorem for both functions.     

Fixed point sets for abstract volterra operators on fréchet spaces

In this present article the topological of the solution ser for abstract Volterra equations is studied both in Banach spaces and in Fréchet spaces. It is shown that the solution set for certain nonlinear abstract Volterra equations in the Fréchet spaces C[0,∞) and L^p _loc[0,∞) (l≤p≤∞) are R_δ sets. Applications of the main results to nonlinear classical integral equations are given     

A sufficient condition of type (Ω) for tame splitting of short exact sequences of Fréchet spaces

In a previous paper, the quotient spaces of (s) in the tame category of nuclear Fréchet spaces have been characterized by property (ΩDZ) corresponding to the topological condition (Ω) of D. Vogt and M. J. Wagner. In addition, a splitting theorem has been proved which provides the existence of a tame linear right inverse of a tame linear map on the assumption that the kernel of the given map has property (ΩDZ) and that certain tameness conditions hold. In this paper it is proved that property (Ω) in standard form (i.e., the dual norms ‖ ‖ _n ^* are logarithmically convex) implies the tame splitting condition (ΩDZ) for any tamely nuclear Fréchet space equipped with a grading defined by sermiscalar products. As an application, property (ΩDZ) is verified for the kernels of any hypoelliptic system of linear partial differential operators with constant coefficients on ℝ^N or on a bounded convex region in ℝ^N.     

Some Uniqueness Results for Functional Damped Semilinear Differential Equations in Frechet Spaces

A recent nonlinear alternative for contraction maps in Frechet spaces due to Frigon and Granas （Resultats de type Leray-Schauder pour des contractions sur des espaces de Frechet, Ann. Sci. Math. Quebec 22, （2）, 161-168 （1998））, combined with semigroup theory, is used to investigate the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions for first- and second-order functional semi linear and neutral damped differential equations in Frechet space.     

Banach空间一阶非线性微分方程终值问题解的存在性

在Fréchet空间中利用推广的Tychonov不动点定理研究了Banach空间中一阶非线性微分方程终值问题解的存在性.     

Universal Köthe Sequence Spaces

 A characterization is given for the K?the matrices B such that the K?the sequence space , with , contains all K?the sequence spaces of order p as subspaces. It follows that the class of K?the sequence spaces of order p has a universal element which is quasinormable. In particular, there is a quasinormable space (respectively, which contains every nuclear Fréchet space with basis (respectively, every countably normed Fréchet Schwartz space). Only Fréchet spaces with continuous norm are considered in this note. Received 15 January 1997; in final form 9 June 1997     

Streaming Algorithms for Line Simplification

We study the following variant of the well-known line-simplification problem: we are getting a (possibly infinite) sequence of points p ₀,p ₁,p ₂,… in the plane defining a polygonal path, and as we receive the points, we wish to maintain a simplification of the path seen so far. We study this problem in a streaming setting, where we only have a limited amount of storage, so that we cannot store all the points. We analyze the competitive ratio of our algorithms, allowing resource augmentation: we let our algorithm maintain a simplification with 2k (internal) points and compare the error of our simplification to the error of the optimal simplification with k points. We obtain the algorithms with O(1) competitive ratio for three cases: convex paths, where the error is measured using the Hausdorff distance (or Fréchet distance), xy-monotone paths, where the error is measured using the Hausdorff distance (or Fréchet distance), and general paths, where the error is measured using the Fréchet distance. In the first case the algorithm needs O(k) additional storage, and in the latter two cases the algorithm needs O(k ²) additional storage.