积雪混合像元光谱特征观测及解混方法比较

积雪混合像元分解方法研究及积雪比例产品的发展是积雪遥感的重要研究方向。在我国北疆地区利用SVC HR-1024野外便携式光谱仪观测了已知积雪比例的混合像元光谱特征并进行系统分析,同时,采用四种混合像元分解模型对实测光谱进行解混及精度评价。结果表明反射率随积雪比例均匀下降并不呈均匀的线性变化,在不同波段呈非线性变化特征,积雪像元解混精度与观测尺度的不同有一定的联系,尺度越小,解混精度越低;进一步对实测光谱的解混结果表明,线性回归法精度较低,特别是对于积雪比例小于50%的解混结果不准确,稀疏回归解混法和非负矩阵解混法略高于线性混合像元分解法,但线性混合像元分解法运算效率最高,稀疏回归解混法运算效率最低,当对遥感图像进行解混时,要综合考虑四种方法的计算效率。通过将推动积雪混合像元分解定量遥感研究,并为遥感影像准确提取积雪比例提供理论依据。     

基于ICA与SVM算法的高光谱遥感影像分类

提出了一种利用独立分量分析(ICA)与支撑向量机(SVM)算法进行高光谱遥感影像分类的新方法。采用ICA算法对高光谱遥感影像(PHI传感器获取,80波段)进行了特征提取,并以提取出的影像数据(光谱维数为20)构建SVM分类器。对SVM算法进行核函数删选与参数寻优后,发现采用RBF核的SVM算法(C=103,γ=0.05)分类结果最佳,分类精度与Kappa系数分别达94.5127%与0.935 1,优于BP-神经网络(分类精度39.4758%,Kappa系数0.315 5)、波谱角分类(分类精度80.282 6,Kappa系数0.770 9)、最小距离分类(分类精度85.462 7%,Kappa系数0.827 7)以及最大似然分类(分类精度86.015 6%,Kappa系数0.835 1)4种方法。针对分类结果常出现的"椒盐"现象,利用形态学算子对SVM(RBF核)分类结果进行了类别集群处理,将分类精度与Kappa系数分别提高至94.758 4%与0.938 0,获得了更接近实况的分类图像。结果表明:ICA结合SVM算法准确率高,是高光谱遥感影像分类的优选方法,且类别集群是优化影像分类的有效方法之一。     

An adaptive implicit–explicit scheme for the DNS and LES of compressible flows on unstructured grids

An adaptive implicit–explicit scheme for Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) and Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of compressible turbulent flows on unstructured grids is developed. The method uses a node-based finite-volume discretization with Summation-by-Parts (SBP) property, which, in conjunction with Simultaneous Approximation Terms (SAT) for imposing boundary conditions, leads to a linearly stable semi-discrete scheme. The solution is marched in time using an Implicit–Explicit Runge–Kutta (IMEX-RK) time-advancement scheme. A novel adaptive algorithm for splitting the system into implicit and explicit sets is developed. The method is validated using several canonical laminar and turbulent flows. Load balance for the new scheme is achieved by a dual-constraint, domain decomposition algorithm. The scalability and computational efficiency of the method is investigated, and memory savings compared with a fully implicit method is demonstrated. A notable reduction of computational costs compared to both fully implicit and fully explicit schemes is observed.     

基于克隆选择支持向量机高光谱遥感影像分类技术

作为支持向量机(support vector machine, SVM)高光谱影像分类的一个重要环节,参数设置的效率和精度直接影响到SVM模型训练效率和最终分类精度。本文首先建立一个SVM高光谱影像分类器,提出了利用免疫克隆选择算法优化的交叉验证进行核函数参数和惩罚因子C的优化选择的方法,得到了一种基于克隆选择优化的支持向量机(clonal selection SVM, CSSVM)高光谱影像分类器。然后将CSSVM与传统的基于网格搜索交叉验证的支持向量机（gird search SVM, GSSVM）分类器进行了对比评价,评价指标包括模型训练时间和分类精度等。最后基于AVIRIS高光谱遥感影像进行了两算法分类对比试验,结果表明：提出的CSSVM测试样本总分类精度超过85.1%和Kappa系数超过0.821 3,影像总分类精度超过81.58%和Kappa系数超过0.772 8,CSSVM与GSSVM的分类精度差别在0.08%以内,Kappa系数差别在0.001以内;CSSVM的模型训练时间是GSSVM的1/6至1/10,得到显著缩短;CSSVM方法在保持传统GSSVM优良分类精度的基础上,极大提高了模型的训练效率。     

On the energy conservation electrostatic particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo simulation: Benchmark and application to the radio frequency discharges

We benchmark and analyze the error of energy conservation （EC） scheme in particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo （PIC/MC） algorithms by simulating the radio frequency discharge. The plasma heating behaviors and electron distributing functions obtained by one-dimensional （1D） simulation are analyzed. Both explicit and implicit algorithms are checked. The results showed that the EC scheme can eliminated the self-heating with wide grid spacing in both cases with a small reduction of the accuracies. In typical parameters, the EC implicit scheme has higher precision than EC explicit scheme. Some ＂numerical cooling＂ behaviors are observed and analyzed. Some other errors are also analyzed. The analysis showed that the EC implicit scheme can be used to qualitative estimation of some discharge problems with much less computational resource cost without much loss of accuracies.     

基于多尺度均值漂移的高分辨率遥感影像快速分割方法

均值漂移算法是一种特征空间分析方法,广泛应用于自然场景影像和医学影像分割中.但算法较高的计算复杂度成为其在具有海量特性的遥感影像中应用的瓶颈.文章将均值漂移算法拓展到小波域,提出了一种小波域均值漂移快速分割算法.多光谱遥感影像和仿真影像的实验表明:在获得相当的分割结果的前提下,相比单尺度均值漂移算法,提出的分割算法能够...     

A compact program code for simulations of quantum algorithms in classical computers

A general quantum simulation language on a classical computer provides the opportunity to compare an experiential result from the development of quantum computers with mathematical theory. The intention of this research is to develop a program language that is able to make simulations of all quantum algorithms in same framework. This study examines the simulation of quantum algorithms on a classical computer with a symbolic programming language. We use the language Mathematica to make simulations of well-known quantum algorithms. The program code implemented on a classical computer will be a straight connection between the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics and computational methods. This gives us an uncomplicated and clear language for the implementations of algorithms. The computational language includes essential formulations such as quantum state, superposition and quantum operator. This symbolic programming language provides a universal framework for examining the existing as well as future quantum algorithms. This study contributes with an implementation of a quantum algorithm in a program code where the substance is applicable in other simulations of quantum algorithms.     

冬小麦叶面积指数遥感反演方法比较研究

叶面积指数(leaf area index, LAI)是反映作物生长状况和进行产量预测预报的主要指标之一,对诊断作物生长状况具有重要意义。遥感技术为大面积、快速监测植被LAI提供了有效途径。利用高光谱遥感影像,结合田间同步实验数据,探讨不同方法对冬小麦叶面积指数遥感反演的能力。介绍了支持向量机、离散小波变换、连续小波变换和主成分分析四种LAI反演方法。分别利用上述四种方法构建冬小麦LAI反演模型,并对不同算法反演的LAI模型进行了真实性检验。结果显示,支持向量机非线性回归模型精度最高,对冬小麦LAI估算能力最强,反演值与实测值拟合的决定系数为0.823 4、均方根误差为0.419 5。离散小波变换法和主成分分析法都是基于特征提取和数据降维,其多元变量回归分析对LAI估算能力相近,决定系数分别为0.697 1和0.692 4,均方根误差分别为0.605 8和0.554 1。连续小波变换法回归模型精度最低,不适宜直接用其小波系数来反演LAI。结果表明,非线性支持向量机模型最适宜用于研究区域的冬小麦LAI反演。     

Performance of a Chase-type decoding algorithm for Reed–Solomon codes on perpendicular magnetic recording channels

Algebraic soft-decision Reed–Solomon (RS) decoding algorithms with improved error-correcting capability and comparable complexity to standard algebraic hard-decision algorithms could be very attractive for possible implementation in the next generation of read channels. In this work, we investigate the performance of a low-complexity Chase (LCC)-type soft-decision RS decoding algorithm, recently proposed by Bellorado and Kav?i?, on perpendicular magnetic recording channels for sector-long RS codes of practical interest. Previous results for additive white Gaussian noise channels have shown that for a moderately long high-rate code, the LCC algorithm can achieve a coding gain comparable to the Koetter–Vardy algorithm with much lower complexity. We present a set of numerical results that show that this algorithm provides small coding gains, on the order of a fraction of a dB, with similar complexity to the hard-decision algorithms currently used, and that larger coding gains can be obtained if we use more test patterns, which significantly increases its computational complexity.     

TCVQ-SVM algorithm for narrowband spectrum sensing

Spectrum sensing is viewed as the basic and crucial technology for cognitive radio. To improve the accuracy of spectrum sensing in low signal to noise ratio (SNR), this paper presents an efficient TCVQ-SVM method based on machine learning for narrowband spectrum sensing. Firstly, trace of covariance matrix and variance of quadratic covariance matrix (TCVQ) is extracted as feature vectors and combined as training samples of spectrum sensing. Then, the classification model can be achieved by training samples based on support vector machine (SVM), which can avoid setting threshold and adjusting classification hyperplane by its self-learning ability. Lastly, the result of spectrum sensing can be obtained. By utilizing trace and variance as input features of SVM, the algorithm can make full use of the eigenvalue difference and structure characteristic of the received signal, and at the same time, achieve good performance in low SNR. Theoretical analysis reveals that the proposed method has low computational complexity. Simulation results and experiments on the hardware platform illustrate that the proposed algorithm is effective and robust.     

An implicit parallel multigrid computing scheme to solve coupled thermal-solute phase-field equations for dendrite evolution

An implicit, second-order space and time discretization scheme together with a parallel multigrid method involving a strip grid domain partitioning has been developed to solve fully coupled, nonlinear phase field equations involving solute and heat transport for multiple solidifying dendrites. The computational algorithm has been shown to be stable and monotonously convergent, and allowed time marching steps that were 3–4 orders of magnitude larger than those employed in similar explicit approaches, resulting in an increase of 3–4 orders of magnitude in computing efficiency. Full solute and thermal coupling was achieved for metallic alloys with a realistic, high Lewis number of >10⁴. The parallel multigrid computing scheme is shown to provide a scalable methodology that allowed the efficient use of distributed supercomputing resource to simulate the evolution of tens of complex shaped 2D dendrites in a computational domain containing tens or even hundreds of millions of grid points. The simulations have provided insight into the dynamic interplay of many growing dendrites in a more realistic fully coupled thermal-solute condition, capturing for the first time fine scale features such as dendrite splitting.     

二维柱几何非定常中子输运方程基于格式的界面预估校正并行算法

针对二维柱几何非定常中子输运方程的Sn-间断有限元方法,提出基于格式的界面预估校正并行算法.数值算例表明,该并行算法在精度与并行度等诸方面均具有良好的性质,与已有的基于隐式格式的并行扫描算法相比,对于二维中子输运大规模计算问题,并行计算效率较高,并行加速比可增加-倍以上,且可保持原隐式格式的计算精度.     

胶州湾海域Landsat8/OLI数据处理中多种大气校正方法的评价

海洋水色遥感研究中,精确的水体遥感反射比R_rs(λ)光谱数据是应用海洋光学卫星数据反演海洋生物地球物理参数的关键。实际工作中,遥感反射比是根据遥感仪器接收到的辐亮度经大气吸收和散射校正、太阳距离以及太阳高度角校正后计算出来的。因此对卫星传感器数据进行大气校正是我们得到精确的水体遥感反射比光谱数据的关键因素之一,也是海洋水色遥感研究中的一个重要问题。胶州湾是黄海西部的一个半封闭海湾,是北温带海湾生态系统的重要代表,该海域内规划了大范围的海洋牧场养殖区域,水体生物光学性质复杂。Landsat是美国NASA的陆地卫星计划,最初是为了观测陆地而研发,但是其高空间分辨率(30 m)的优势在海洋遥感监测中表现突出,使得其成为卫星遥感监测河流、湖泊、内陆环湾等水体不可忽略的数据源之一。基于QA(quality assurance) Score光谱质量评价体系对Landsat8/OLI数据处理中五种大气校正算法在胶州湾海域的大气校正结果进行了评价分析。五种大气校正算法分别是NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)标准近红外大气校正算法(Seadas采用为默认大气校正算法,记为Seadas Default);Acolite 默认大气校正算法—暗光谱拟合算法（dark spectrum fitting,记为Acolite DSF）;以及Acolite指数外推算法（exponential extrapolation）,根据算法中所使用波段的不同,分别记为Acolite SWIR, Acolite Red/NIR, Acolite NIR/SWIR。分析结果表明在胶州湾海域Seadas Default的大气校正算法得到的R_rs(λ)数据QA得分为1的概率（83.95%）要远大于Acolite DSF（49.66%）,Acolite SWIR（4.13%）,Acolite Red/NIR（7.25%）,Acolite NIR/SWIR（1.38%）四种大气校正算法。Acolite DSF大气校正算法优于Acolite SWIR,Acolite Red/NIR,Acolite NIR/SWIR。应用MODIS/Aqua卫星数据对Seadas Default大气校正算法和Acolite DSF大气校正算法处理Landsat8/OLI卫星数据得到的R_rs(λ)在443,483,561和655 nm的数据进行了对比分析,结果表明在各个波段的Seadas Default算法所得的大气校正结果都要优于Acolite DSF算法。据此,建议在胶州湾及其附近海域应用Landsat8/OLI数据进行遥感应用研究时以NASA标准近红外大气校正算法为首选。     

An explicit time-domain finite element method for room acoustics simulations: Comparison of the performance with implicit methods

This paper presents the applicability of an explicit time-domain finite element method (TD-FEM) using a dispersion reduction technique called modified integration rules (MIR) on room acoustics simulations with a frequency-independent finite impedance boundary. First, a dispersion error analysis and a stability analysis are performed to derive the dispersion relation and the stability condition of the present explicit TD-FEM for three-dimensional room acoustics simulations with an infinite impedance boundary. Secondly, the accuracy and efficiency of the explicit TD-FEM are presented by comparing with implicit TD-FEM using MIR through room acoustics simulations in a rectangular room with infinite impedance boundaries. Thirdly, the stability condition of the explicit TD-FEM is investigated numerically in the case with finite impedance boundaries. Finally, the performance of the explicit TD-FEM in room acoustics simulations with finite impedance boundaries is demonstrated in a comparison with the implicit TD-FEM. Although the stability of the present explicit TD-FEM is dependent on the impedance values given at boundaries, the explicit TD-FEM is computationally more efficient than the implicit method from the perspective of computational time for acoustics simulations of a room with larger impedance values at boundaries.     

基于位的超光谱遥感图像无损压缩算法

图像压缩是超光谱遥感技术中急需解决的一个问题。分析了像素的高位与低位的相关性 ,提出了对字位进行运算的无损压缩算法。结果表明 ,本算法的压缩比与目前一些无损压缩比基本一致 (1 6～ 2 4) ,但这种算法运算简单 ,在去相关过程中 ,每位只进行一次运算 ,而且均为二进制运算 ,易于硬件电路的实现和进行实时压缩。所述思想为超光谱图像压缩提出了一条新思路     

改进YOLOv4的铁路沿线遥感影像地物检测方法

近年来,高分遥感影像技术的快速发展为铁路沿线地物检测提供了一种重要技术手段。基于回归的一阶段目标检测方法YOLOv4具有检测精度高、速度快等优点,但用于遥感影像检测时仍然存在部分细节特征信息丢失导致的小目标漏检,以及进行大面积地物检测时效率低的问题。为此,提出改进YOLOv4网络模型对遥感影像铁路沿线地物进行检测。首先,设计由卷积、批量归一化和Mish激活函数组成的CBM(convolution batch normalization mish)模块,并采用DCBM(double CBM)模块作为密集连接网络(DenseNet)的传输层用于YOLOv4网络特征提取以实现地物特征传递和信息重用,增强小目标地物的检测能力,降低漏检率;然后针对YOLOv4在大面积检测时效率不高和模型参数空间较大的缺陷,将压缩激励SE(squeeze excitation)通道注意机制用于骨干网中跨阶段局部单元(cross stage partial, CSP)的每个残差单元之后,减少SE注意模块的重复调用次数,使其能够在提高网络性能的同时降低模型参数量从而提高检测效率;最后,针对长条形状的铁路目标提取困难问题,在网络结果输出之前引入改进的通道空间注意力机制ICBAM(improved convolutional block attention module) 保留原始特征信息,解决铁路目标特征提取能力差的问题,提高铁路中大尺度目标的检测效率。为验证所提方法的有效性,选取2 048张分辨率为1 920×1 080的某段铁路沿线遥感影像地物样本数据,将其中的铁路、房屋、楼宇建筑、农田和水池作为检测目标进行实验,并与当前流行的目标检测方法进行对比。结果表明,改进方法不仅增强了对小目标地物的检测能力,提高了地物检测精度和速度,而且提高了大尺度目标的检测效率。与YOLOv4算法相比,mAP提高了2.11%,准确率提高了2.93%,召回率提高了3.79%,模型大小减少了8.53%。所提方法为当前应用高速铁路沿线遥感影像地物快速精准检测提供了有效方法。     

非定常跨音速流显式与隐式数值分析方法的比较研究

分别运用显式有限体积法与隐式LU-NND方法在同一网格与相同参数条件下对NACA0012翼型跨音速振荡绕流进行了数值分析。并就两种方法的计算结果、计算效率、对计算机内存的要求以及对网格质量的敏感性等做了对比研究。     

Combined multi-kernel support vector machine and wavelet analysis for hyperspectral remote sensing image classification

Many remote sensing image classifiers are limited in their ability to combine spectral features with spatial features.Multi-kernel classifiers,however,are capable of integrating spectral features with spatial or structural features using multiple kernels and summing them for final outputs.Using a support vector machine(SVM) as classifier,different multi-kernel classifiers are constructed and tested using 64-band Operational Modular Imaging Spectrometer II hyperspectral image of Changping Area,Beijing City.Results show that by integrating spectral and wavelet texture information,multi-kernel SVM classifiers can obtain more accurate classification results than sole-kernel SVM classifiers and cross-information SVM kernel classifiers.Moreover,when the multi-kernel SVM classifier is used,the combination of the first four principal components from principal component analysis and wavelet texture provides the highest accuracy(97.06%).Multi-kernel SVM is therefore an effective approach to improve the accuracy of hyperspectral image classification and to expand possibilities for remote sensing image interpretation and application.     

基于谱聚类与类间可分性因子的高光谱波段选择

随着遥感技术和成像光谱仪的发展,高光谱遥感图像的分辨率不断提高,其庞大的数据量在提高其遥感探测能力的同时,也给分析和处理带来了很大的困难。高光谱波段选择可以有效减少数据冗余,提高分类识别精度和处理效率。因此如何从多达数百个波段的高光谱图像中选择出具有较好分类识别能力的波段组合是亟待解决的问题。针对上述问题,采用基于图论的谱聚类算法,将原始高光谱图像中的波段作为待聚类的数据点,利用互信息描述两两波段间的相似度,生成相似度矩阵。再根据图谱划分理论,将相似度矩阵生成的非规范化图拉普拉斯矩阵进行谱分解,得到类间相似度小且类内相似度大的类簇;然后根据地物类型计算各波段的类间可分性因子,将其作为类簇内进一步选择代表性波段的参考指标,达到降维的目的;最后通过支持向量机与最小距离分类方法对波段选择后的图像分类。该方法区别于传统的无监督聚类方法,采用基于图论的谱聚类算法,并根据先验知识计算类间可分性因子来选择波段。通过与自适应波段选择算法和基于自动子空间划分的波段指数算法的对比实验,结果表明：两组实验当聚类数目达到相对最佳时,该波段选择方法支持向量机图像总分类精度达到94.08%和94.24%以上,最小距离分类图像总分类精度达到87.98%和89.09%以上,有效保留了光谱信息,提高了分类精度。     

粒子输运离散纵标方程基于界面修正的并行计算方法

为了改造粒子输运方程求解的隐式格式,研究设计适应大型并行计算机的并行计算方法,介绍一类求解粒子输运方程离散纵标方程组的基于界面修正的源迭代并行计算方法.应用空间区域分解,在子区域内界面处首先采用迎风显式差分格式进行预估,构造子区域的入射边界条件,然后,在各个子区域内部进行源迭代求解隐式离散纵标方程组.在源迭代过程中,在内界面入射边界处采用隐式格式进行界面修正.数值算例表明该并行计算方法在精度、并行度、简单性诸方面均具有良好的性质.