Remote Estimation of the Chlorophyll Concentration of Living Trees Using Laser-induced Fluorescence Imaging Lidar

Monthly variation in chlorophyll concentration of living ginko tree leaves 65 m away from a system was remotely estimated by a laser-induced fluorescence imaging lidar. The combination of a pulsed laser and a short-time gated CCD using an image intensifier made it possible to monitor the weak fluorescence signal from the ginko tree leaves as an image. By applying the experimental idea that a ratio of intensity of the chlorophyll fluorescence at 740 nm to that at 685 nm showed a linear correlation to the chlorophyll concentration, the fluorescence image of the ginko tree obtained by the lidar was converted to the chlorophyll concentration distribution image.     

Water Deficit and Salt Stress Diagnosis Through LED Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Analysis in Jatropha curcas L.

LED induced chlorophyll fluorescence analysis is employed to investigate the effect of water deficit and salt stress upon the growth process of Jatropha curcas L.. Red(Fr) and far-red(FFr) chlorophyll fluorescence around 685 nm and 735 nm, respectively, were observed and examined as a function of the stress intensity(salt concentration and water deficit). The fluorescence ratio Fr/FFr which is a valuable nondestructive and nonintrusive indicator of the chlorophyll content of leaves was exploited to monitor the jatropha plants under stress. The data indicated that salinity plays a minor role in the chlorophyll concentration of leaves for NaCl concentrations in the 25 to 200 mM range. The fluorescence ratio also permitted the detection of damage caused by water deficit in the early stages of the plants growing process. A significant variation of the Fr/FFr ratio was observed in the first 10 days of the experiment, and before signs of visual stress became apparent. The results suggest that the Fr/FFr ratio is an early-warning indicator of water deficit stress     

琅琊山景区不同叶绿素条件下树种叶片光谱差异分析

叶绿素含量高低反映植物健康状况,研究景区树种叶片叶绿素绝对值(SPAD)不同的光谱变化规律能为叶绿素高光谱监测波段识别与景区树种管理提供理论支撑。从琅琊山景区灌木和乔木类选取9个常见树种,探讨相同树种叶片SPAD值变化时的光谱差异,同时,横向对比相同SPAD值不同树种叶片的光谱特征,并深入分析不同树种叶片SPAD值与单波段原始光谱、光谱倒数、一阶微分、二阶微分及波段组合差值指数、归一化指数、比值指数、一阶微分归一化指数、一阶微分比值指数之间的关系。结果表明：9个所测树种叶片随着叶绿素SPAD值的升高,光谱变化规律各不相同,在可见光波段区分明显,总体上,光谱反射率最高的样本组SPAD值较低;叶绿素SPAD值相同时,在可见光波段,桂花较其余树种反射率整体较高; 在780~1 350 nm波段,广玉兰叶片反射率始终排前三,其余波段变化规律不明显;原始光谱反射率的二阶微分与海桐叶片SPAD值相关系数最大,一阶微分与其余8种相关性最高;与灌木、落叶乔木叶片SPAD值相关系数最大的光谱指数分别为差值指数、一阶微分归一化指数,与常绿乔木、不分树种相关系数最大的为一阶微分比值指数。     

水稻叶绿素浓度对荧光光谱的影响

为了加强对水稻生长状况的监测,指导水稻的田间施肥,提高施肥利用效率,以增加农作物产量、提高粮食品质,实验室搭建了基于激光诱导荧光技术的荧光探测系统,以研究水稻叶片的叶绿素含量与荧光峰值比之间的相关性。文中测量样本为水稻分蘖期和拔节期的倒二叶,栽培地区位于中国江汉平原。文中先采用凯氏定氮法和相应公式结合测得水稻叶片的叶绿素含量(mg·g-1),再用搭建的荧光探测系统采集了水稻叶片不同叶绿素含量的荧光光谱(激发波长为355 nm)。获得了水稻叶片在不同叶绿素含量下的荧光光谱数据库,定量分析了荧光峰值比F₇₄₀/F₆₈₅(荧光谱峰740 nm、685 nm处的荧光强度比)与叶绿素含量的相关性,发现叶绿素含量的变化对荧光光谱特性影响明显。由实验数据分析可知荧光参数中的峰值比(F₇₄₀/F₆₈₅)与叶绿素含量呈现很好的线性正相关,相关系数(R2)在水稻的分蘖期和拔节期分别达到了0.901 3和0.912 5。实验分析结果表明诱导荧光光谱技术具有方便、快捷、无损等优点,在农作物生长状况的遥感定量监测等方面也具有一定发展潜力。     

重金属铜胁迫下玉米的光谱特征及监测研究

农作物重金属污染监测是当今高光谱遥感研究的重要内容之一,旨在设计一种新的窄带植被指数,以实现不同培育期的两种玉米品种的重金属铜胁迫监测。研究设计了不同浓度的铜污染实验,采用SVCHR-1024I型高性能地物光谱仪测量不同浓度铜离子（Cu2+）胁迫下玉米叶片的光谱反射率,并同步获取了玉米叶片中Cu2+含量数据。首先,对玉米叶片原始光谱数据进行一阶差分处理,并计算一阶差分反射率与叶片中Cu2+含量的相关系数（r）,筛选对铜胁迫敏感的波段。计算结果显示,489~497,632和677 nm波长附近的一阶差分反射率与叶片中Cu2+含量显著相关,可将其视为敏感波段。其次,根据以上3个敏感波段,建立基于一阶差分反射率的铜胁迫植被指数（dVI）。对所有可能的dVIs和Cu2+含量进行一元回归分析,并采用决定系数（R2）和均方根误差（RMSE）对回归结果进行评估,以筛选最佳指数。最后,采用不同生长年份的玉米实验数据对敏感波段的稳定性及dVI的适用性进行了验证评估;同时,通过与归一化植被指数（NDVI）、红边叶绿素指数（CI_red-edge）、红边位置（REP）、光化学反射指数(PRI)等常规重金属胁迫植被指数进行应用比较,证明dVI更具有优越性。结果表明：一阶差分处理后,在450~500,630~680和677 nm波长处的叶片反射率与Cu2+含量的相关系数明显增大。基于一阶差分反射率的特征波段具有稳定性,对于不同生长年份的玉米叶片数据,特征波段的波长位置不变。一元回归分析结果表明,结合497,632和677 nm波长的一阶差分反射率的指数与Cu2+含量具有显著的相关性,对于不同生长年份的2种玉米品种数据集,R2都高达0.75以上。另外,与常规植被指数比较结果表明,该研究所提出的dVI具有更好的鲁棒性及有效性,可为冠层尺度的重金属胁迫监测提供理论基础。     

Polarized Lidar Reflectance Measurements of Vegetation at Near-Infrared and Green Wavelengths

There is growing interest in the use of lidar for remote sensing of vegetation owing to the emergence of reliable and rugged lasers and highly sensitive detectors. Lidar remote sensing has a distinct advantage over conventional techniques in vegetation remote sensing due to its capability for three-dimensional characterization of vegetative targets. The Multiwavelength Airborne Polarimetric Lidar (MAPL) system was developed primarily for vegetation remote sensing applications from an airborne platform of up to 1,000 -m altitude. The lidar system has full waveform capture and polarimetric measurement capability at two wavelengths in the near-infrared (1064 nm) and the green (532 nm) spectral regions. This study presents preliminary ground-based lidar reflectance measurements on a variety of deciduous and coniferous trees under fully foliated conditions with a view towards tree species discrimination. Variations in the reflectance characteristics of selected deciduous trees under unfoliated and fully foliated conditions were also investigated. Our study reveals distinct differences in the reflectance characteristics of various trees.     

Stress-Induced Alteration of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Polarization and Spectrum in Leaves of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alocasia macrorrhiza</Emphasis> L. Schott

The value of intrinsic chlorophyll fluorescence polarization, and the intensity in emission spectrum were investigated in leaf segments of Alocasia macrorrhiza under several stress conditions including different temperatures (25–50°C), various concentrations of NaCl (0–250 mM), methyl viologen (MV, 0–25 μM), SDS (0–1.0%) and NaHSO₃ (0–80 μM). Fluorescence emission spectrum of leaves at wavelength regions of 500–800 nm was monitored by excitation at 436 nm. The value of fluorescence polarization (P value), as result of energy transfer and mutual orientation between chlorophyll molecules, was determined by excitation at 436 nm and emission at 685 nm. The results showed that elevated temperature and concentrations of salt (NaCl), photooxidant (MV), surfactant (SDS) and simulated SO₂ (NaHSO₃) treatments all induced a reduction of fluorescence polarization to various degrees. However, alteration of the fluorescence spectrum and emission intensity of F₆₈₅ and F₇₃₁ depended on the individual treatment. Increase in temperature and concentration of NaHSO₃ enhanced fluorescence intensity mainly at F₆₈₅, while an increase in MV concentration led to a decrease at both F₆₈₅ and F₇₃₁. On the contrary, NaCl and SDS did not cause remarkable change in fluorescence spectrum. Among different treatments, the negative correlation between polarization and fluorescence intensity was found with NaHSO₃ treatments only. We concluded that P value being measured with intrinsic chlorophyll fluorescence as probe in leaves is a susceptible indicator responding to changes in environmental conditions. The alteration of P value and fluorescence intensity might not always be shown a functional relation pattern. The possible reasons of differed response to various treatments were discussed.     

光谱重构油菜叶绿素含量快速检测方法及设备研制

为了实现油菜叶片中叶绿素含量的快速无损检测,开发了手持式多光谱成像系统用于采集油菜叶片在460,520,660,740,840和940 nm 六个波段的光谱图像。将一台能够采集可见光/近红外（380～1 023 nm）512个波段光谱图像但是价格高昂且体积大的室内高光谱成像系统作为参考仪器,将手持式多光谱成像系统作为目标仪器后,采用伪逆法（pseudo-inverse method）求得高光谱成像系统和多光谱成像系统两台仪器之间的转换矩阵F,从而实现6个波段的多光谱图像向512个波段的高光谱图像的重构,提高了手持式设备的光谱分辨率。运用偏最小二乘回归算法（PLSR）建立了重构的光谱与油菜叶片的叶绿素含量之间的关系模型。结果表明,重构的可见光范围内的光谱反射率与叶绿素浓度之间具有很强的相关性,PLSR回归模型建模集的决定系数R2_c为0.82,建模集均方根误差RMESC为1.98,预测集的决定系数R2_p为0.78,预测集均方根误差RMESP为1.50,RPD为2.14。虽然应用本文开发的手持式成像系统结合PLSR模型实现油菜叶绿素含量快速无损预测的精度低于基于室内高光谱成像系统获得的高光谱图像建立的PLSR模型（R2_c,RMESC,R2_p,RMESP和RPD分别为0.90,1.41,0.82,1.36和2.37）,但是明显优于基于原始多光谱成像系统4个波段（460,520,660和740 nm）反射率建立的PLSR模型得到的结果（R2_c,RMESC,R2_p,RMESP和RPD分别为0.78,2.06,0.72,1.85和1.88）。表明光谱重构技术可提高多光谱成像预测油菜叶绿素含量的精度,并且与室内高光谱成像系统相比,开发的手持式设备具有体积小、成本低廉和操作简便等优点,可为田间油菜叶片的生理状态和养分检测及可视化表达提供技术支持。     

基于激光诱导叶绿素荧光寿命成像技术的植物荧光特性研究

针对植物荧光遥感探测中信号易受干扰的问题, 提出了一种用于评估植物生长状况及环境监测的荧光寿命成像技术. 采用凹透镜对355 nm波长的激光扩束, 再照射植物激发叶绿素荧光, 由增强型电荷耦合器件接收荧光信号. 采用时间分辨测量法, 连续用相同激光脉冲照射植物以激发相同的荧光信号, 同时不断改变激光脉冲触发探测器启动的延时时间, 从而能够得到完整的离散荧光信号分布图像. 对植物特定位置点产生的离散荧光信号进行拟合, 再运用一种改进型的迭代解卷积法可反演高精度的荧光寿命; 进而反演图像各点的荧光寿命以生成植物的荧光寿命分布图. 该方法所绘制的荧光寿命图比荧光强度图能更准确地反映植物内部的叶绿素含量, 并对活体植物叶绿素荧光寿命的物理特性进行了初步研究, 证明叶绿素荧光寿命与植物生理状态存在一定关联; 并且叶绿素荧光寿命与活体植物所处环境存在着复杂的关系. 未来将与生物物理学家们合作, 继续探寻叶绿素荧光寿命与植物生存环境的关系.     

饱和激发下叶绿素荧光非线性变化及影响分析

叶绿素浓度是海洋初级生产力的重要指标之一,激光诱导荧光技术可以实现海水叶绿素浓度的快速测量。测量叶绿素浓度的传统激光诱导荧光原理,是利用叶绿素荧光与水体Raman散射的强度比值（I_F/R）进行反演,即叶绿素浓度n_chl＝CI_F/R,其中C为系统常量。这是依据叶绿素荧光685 nm、水体Raman散射强度都与激发光强呈线性关系。然而,该理论并没有考虑诱导荧光饱和现象的存在。当诱导激光强度达到一定程度后,685 nm荧光强度随激发光强非线性变化。另外,值得注意的是,水体Raman散射并不存在信号饱和现象。为了探讨饱和激发造成荧光非线性变化的影响,在激光诱导荧光技术测量叶绿素浓度的实验中,设计两种测量方案,即：不同激光功率诱导单一浓度样本的荧光测量,和固定激光功率时不同浓度样本的荧光测量。实验中利用Nd∶YAG三倍频激光355 nm激发获得叶绿素溶液的404 nm处 Raman散射和685 nm荧光。实验结果分为2部分进行讨论：（1）为了分析饱和激发造成荧光变化的非线性特性,通过调节激发光功率测量溶液的受激发射光谱,发现水体Raman散射强度与激发光强呈线性关系,而685 nm荧光强度出现饱和激发下的非线性变化。而且,随叶绿素浓度的增加,685 nm荧光的非线性趋势更为明显,Raman散射强度与激发光强的线性关系中斜率变小。数据分析表明,685 nm荧光数据拟合的4阶多项式和Raman散射效率值,可以定性地表征685 nm荧光的饱和程度。（2）考虑实际海洋激光雷达探测叶绿素浓度应用中存在饱和激发荧光非线性现象,为了分析荧光非线性对传统叶绿素浓度反演理论适用性的影响,在固定激发光强情况下对不同浓度叶绿素溶液的发射光谱进行测量。将激发光功率调节至52.00,80.70,132.10和197.30 mW·cm-2,获取相应激发光强下685 nm荧光与水体Raman散射的强度比值和叶绿素浓度之间的关系。实验表明,激发光强不变的情况下,685 nm荧光与水体Raman散射的强度比值,与叶绿素浓度仍满足线性关系。但是,在较高光强激发时,饱和激发造成的叶绿素荧光非线性变化,导致利用传统激光诱导荧光理论反演的叶绿素浓度值偏小。因此,需要对饱和激发下荧光非线性的影响进行修正,其关系为I_F/R=n_chl/C+C_F,修正值C_F不可忽略。另外,值得一提的是,修正关系中系统常量C随激发光强增加而增大。研究表明,饱和激发造成的荧光非线性,会对激光诱导荧光技术测量叶绿素浓度产生影响,但由于造成荧光非线性因素的复杂性,仅通过荧光数据拟合获得的多项式,无法定量说明其影响权重。然而,当激发光强不变时,可以实验测量获得基于激光诱导荧光原理的修正关系,从而准确反演叶绿素浓度。     

Spectral changes in the fluorescence of chlorophyll during photosynthesis induction

With the help of a light-emitting diode with a radiation maximum at 407 nm and an S-2000 UV-VIS spectrometer connected with a computer, the spectral changes in the fluorescence of chlorophyll from acacia leaves (Acacia sp.) preliminarily subjected to a dark adaptation are studied. It is found that, in the slow induction phase, the Kautsky effect manifests itself in the “compression” of the intensity of the chlorophyll fluorescence spectrum, with this spectrum exponentially approaching the steady-state shape with a time constant of 10–20 s. Once the steady-state fluorescence spectrum of chlorophyll was established, the amount of energy delivered to the upper singlet level is one and a half times greater than at 735 nm. The ratio between the energies spent for photochemical processes of photosynthesis and for fluorescence depends on the wavelength and the instant of time of the induction period. In the steady-state state of the chlorophyll fluorescence, the values of this ratio at 685 and 735 nm are equal to 5.9 and 3.4, respectively.     

Optical methods for ecological mapping of urban areas

The results of the study of spectral characteristics of tree crops of Samara city as a method for measuring air pollutant concentrations. Even-age plantings of European white birch at ten points of Samara near main motorways were chosen as objects of study. It was shown that the ratio K of the light backscattering intensities at wavelengths of 750 and 550 nm is sensitive to pollutants and insensitive to measurement conditions. The relation between the coefficient K and the leaf chlorophyll concentration and their dependence on the total concentration of anthropogenic substances characteristic of internal-combustion engine exhausts (CO, NO₂, SO₂) were experimentally determined. The carbon oxide concentration has the strongest effect on the coefficient K. This makes it possible to apply the described method tested by the example of Samara city to ecological mapping of city territories.     

激光诱导叶绿素荧光寿命的测量及其特性分析

提出了一种用于评估植物生长状况及环境监测的激光诱导叶绿素荧光寿命测量方法. 采用波长355 nm的激光作为光源激发叶绿素荧光, 由光电倍增管接收其荧光信号, 由于被测叶绿素荧光衰减函数与激光脉冲、仪器响应函数卷积在一起, 根据它们的特性, 运用时间分辨测量法分别测得叶绿素荧光及其背景信号, 并结合一种新型解卷积算法可分离出真实的叶绿素荧光衰减函数, 从而获取叶绿素的荧光寿命. 测试结果表明: 该方法能够实现叶绿素荧光寿命的高精度实时监测, 对不同叶绿素含量的溶液荧光寿命进行了测试, 证明叶绿素含量与其荧光寿命具有相关性, 并且拟合了叶绿素含量与荧光寿命的标定曲线. 关键词： 荧光寿命 激光诱导荧光 时间分辨测量法 叶绿素含量     

噪音信号对夜间对流层臭氧探测准确度的影响

本文探讨在背景噪音影响下,差分吸收激光雷达测量臭氧的不确定性:背景噪音对臭氧浓度廓线的影响正比于背景噪音强度、强吸收波长和弱吸收波长的回波信号强度比.理论计算结果表明:合适的回波信号强度比可以使激光雷达背景信号对夜间臭氧探测浓度的影响变得非常小,可以忽略不计.实验结果表明:用波长对(280 nm,285 nm)对大气臭氧进行观测时,适当调节两波长回波信号强度比为0.96时,背景信号对臭氧浓度探测的影响小到可以忽略的程度.模拟分析和实验观测结果相接近,证实了理论推算的合理性.在背景噪音强度未知的情况下,通过调整强吸收和弱吸收两波长的激光脉冲的能量,在示波器上得到适合的回波信号强度比值,可以抑制背景噪音信号对臭氧探测结果的影响,确保夜间臭氧测量的准确性.     

中药白芨水浸液的荧光光谱研究

报道了白芨沸水浸取液的三维荧光光谱和紫外吸收光谱。在三维荧光光谱图中出现3个荧光峰,分别位于λ_ex/λ_em＝227/299 nm,271/299 nm和258/ 389 nm。其中前2个荧光峰具有相同的发射波长,是由同一种荧光组分产生的,后1个荧光峰是由另外一种荧光组分产生的。三维荧光光谱具有特征性,可以用于白芨的定性鉴别。两种荧光组分的发射波长相距90 nm,可以不经分离而分别测量。在稀溶液条件下,两种组分的荧光强度与浓度之间都存在良好的线性关系,据此可以对两种组分进行定量分析。在pH 1.5～12.5范围内改变溶液的pH值时,两种组分的荧光强度有明显改变,表明两种组分的分子结构中存在可以离解的质子。     

不同波长提取方法的高光谱成像技术检测番茄叶片早疫病的研究

提出了基于连续投影算法(successive projections algorithm,SPA)、载荷系数法(x-loading weights,x-LW)和格拉姆-施密特正交(gram-schmidt orthogonalization,GSO)提取特征波长的高光谱成像技术检测番茄叶片早疫病的方法。首先获取380～1 023 nm波段范围内70个健康和70个染病番茄叶片的高光谱图像信息,然后提取健康和染病叶片感兴趣区域(region of interest, ROI)的光谱反射率值,建立番茄叶片早疫病的最小二乘-支持向量机(least squares-support vector machine,LS-SVM)鉴别模型,建模集和预测集的鉴别率都是100%。再通过SPA 、x-LW和GSO提取特征波长(effective wavelengths,EW),并建立EW-LS-SVM和特征波长-线性判别分析(ew-linear discriminant analysis,EW-LDA)鉴别模型。结果显示,每个模型的鉴别效果都很好,EW-LS-SVM模型中预测集的鉴别率都达到了100%,EW-LDA模型中预测集的鉴别率分别是100%, 100%和97.83%。基于SPA, x-LW和GSO所建模型的输入变量分别是4个(492,550,633和680nm),3个(631,719和747 nm)和2个(533和657 nm),较少的特征波长便于实时检测仪器的开发。结果表明,高光谱成像技术检测番茄叶片早疫病是可行的,SPA,x-LW和GSO都是非常有效的特征波长提取方法。     

生物战剂气溶胶激光雷达遥测技术研究

基于激光诱导荧光（LIF）原理和弹性散射作用于非球形粒子上形成的偏振特性,设计并研制由3个激光波长、2个接收望远镜、退偏组件和荧光光谱仪等组成的生物战剂/气溶胶Mie散射、荧光和偏振激光雷达。退偏比的水平测量结果表明:1） 退偏比表现出较强的波长依赖性;2） 多波长退偏比测量可以显著提高生物战剂的鉴别能力。退偏比的垂直测量结果表明:气溶胶在边界层内总体上维持在较低的水平,在温湿压风等气象条件和光生化条件的作用下,对流层底层空变化明显,在部分云团处,退偏振比可达0.3;气溶胶的Mie散射时空分布表明,355 nm波长的测云能力在激光出射能量相当时较532 nm强。     

利用叶片正反面反射光谱估算叶绿素含量

叶片叶绿素含量的快速无损估算方法对研究植被生长和环境胁迫都具有重要意义。传统叶绿素光谱估测方法,主要是基于叶片正面光谱信息。而在实际遥感观测中,传感器不仅会接收植被叶片正面光谱信息,植被叶片反面光谱信息也会同时被接收。该研究主要目的是找到在同时考虑叶片正反面光谱信息时也能精确估算叶片叶绿素含量的分析方法。对比了简单差值植被指数(SD),简单比值植被指数(SR),归一化植被指数(ND)与偏最小二乘(PLS)建模方法,并对检验样本集进行了精度比较。结果发现用PLS方法估算两种植被正反面叶片的叶绿素含量与真实叶片叶绿素含量的拟合精度更高,R2为0.91,RMSE为5.21 μg·cm-2。因此可以认为PLS方法在同时考虑植被叶片的正反面光谱信息时对植被叶片叶绿素含量的估算更准确。     

Wind error comparison of four different wavelengths of Nd:YAG laser

The wind error of multichannel lidar system is simulated through calculation of atmospheric back-sacttering echo signal and weighted least-square fitting. By comparing the wind errors of four wavelengths of the Nd：YAG laser, two kinds of phenomena are found： when the wavelength is 1064 nm, the wind error is the smallest at all different heights; with the aerosol-molecular ratio descending and finally tending to 1, the statistic error increases sharply, which shows that low aerosol-molecular ratio is quite disadvantageous whatever the signal intensity is.     

高光谱成像技术的油菜叶片氮含量及分布快速检测

应用高光谱成像技术实现了油菜苗-花-角果整个生命期叶片氮含量的快速检测和氮素水平分布的可视化。采集三个生长时期共计420个叶片样本的高光谱图像信息(380～1 030 nm),提取图像中感兴趣区域的平均光谱数据,经过不同光谱预处理后,利用连续投影算法(SPA)选择特征波长,将提取的12个特征波长(467,557,665,686,706,752,874,879,886,900,978和995 nm)作为自变量,叶片氮含量作为因变量,分别建立偏最小二乘法(PLS)和最小二乘-支持向量机(LS-SVM)模型。SPA-PLS和SPA-LS-SVM模型对叶片氮含量的预测相关系数R_P分别为0.807和0.836,预测均方根误差RMSEP分别为0.387和0.358。高光谱图像中的每一个像素点都有对应的光谱反射值,利用结构简单、更易提取回归系数的SPA-PLS模型,快速计算出12个特征波长下高光谱图像中每个像素点对应的氮含量预测值,结合像素点的空间位置生成氮素浓度的叶面分布图。可视化分布图详细且直观的反应出同一叶片内部或不同叶片之间氮含量的差异。结果表明,应用高光谱成像技术分析整个油菜生长期的叶片氮含量及其可视化分布是可行的。