Amberlite XAD-2000树脂固相萃取富集-火焰原子吸收法测定水中痕量铅

用Amberlite XAD-2000树脂键合8-羟基喹啉固相萃取富集水中痕量铅,然后用火焰原子吸收法测定。实验了pH,样品处理速度,洗脱剂的类型、用量、浓度、处理速度等因素对铅回收率的影响。在最优条件下,树脂对铅的最大吸附量7.2 mg Pb/g树脂,回收率92%;且该方法抗干扰能力强,可用于环境水样检测和干扰离子存在下（如海水中）痕量铅的检测。     

H－107吸附树脂富集分光光度法测定水中痕量酚

本文提出了以Ｈ－ｌ０７吸附树脂富集，分光光度法测定水中痕量酚的方法。在柱长３０ｍｍ、内径５ｍｍ，内装２０～３６目Ｈ－１０７吸附树脂的微型吸附柱上，能有效地吸附溶液中的痕量酚。被吸附的酚可用９５％乙醇进行定量洗脱。富集倍率可达到１００倍。实际样品的分析结果与萃取光度法相一致，检测限可达到０．００２ｍｇ／Ｌ酚。     

4种化学修饰的吸附树脂对水溶液中邻甲酚的吸附行为

分别以脯氨酸、L-谷氨酸、乙酰苯胺和水杨酸修饰的吸附树脂为吸附剂,邻甲酚为吸附质,在288K,303K和318K下的水溶液中进行静态吸附实验和脱附实验,考察树脂的吸附性能及吸附行为。实验结果表明,在4种经化学修饰的吸附树脂对邻甲酚的吸附过程中,降低温度有利于吸附;4种化学修饰的树脂对邻甲酚的吸附等温线均符合Freundlich模型,脱附率均大于85%,循环使用效果较好;在相同条件下,脯氨酸修饰的树脂和L-谷氨酸修饰的树脂对邻甲酚吸附性能更优异。热力学研究表明,4种树脂对邻甲酚的吸附过程均为自发的放热过程。     

冠醚树脂对Au,Pt,Pd的吸附及微量Au的富集

本文叙述了冠醚树脂对Au、Pt、Pd配合物的吸附及金的分离富集。在王水介质中三种金属分别以HAuCl_4、H_2PtCl_6、H_2PdCl_6形式存在,离解时有H_3O~+离子和相应的阴离子生成。冠醚树脂吸附时,H_3O~+离子与冠醚环上的氧原子结合,而相应的AuCl_4、PtCl_6~(2-)、PdCl_6~(2-)则以对阴离子配位在外。实验结果表明,冠醚树脂的种类,王水浓度,配合物浓度,碱金属阳离子和卤素阴离子的存在均影响吸附。冠醚树脂对Au的吸附容量为19mg/g树脂以上,可用于Au的富集。     

用硅烷化处理改性硅胶分离富集痕量元素

将硅胶用二氯二甲基硅烷处理后，能降低硅胶对极性物质的吸附，增加其对非极性物质或弱极性物质如５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ等大多数螯合剂的吸附，同时使改性硅胶适应的ＰＨ范围扩宽，对金属离子的净化学吸附增大，使用寿命增加。     

用吡啶衍生物和Amberlite XAD—4大孔树脂分离富集矿石中微量金

在盐酸或稀王水介质中金与α-氨基吡啶或α-氨基-4-甲基吡啶、2,4-二甲基吡啶等形成的络合物能定量地吸附在Amberlite XAD-4大孔树脂柱上,吸附的金用丙酮-0.1mol/L盐酸(10:1)混合液洗脱,然后用结晶紫光度法测定。除铊(Ⅲ)外,许多贱金属和贵金属离子不吸附,吸附的铊可在洗脱金之前用EDTA溶液洗涤除去。方法具有选择性高、速度快、简便以及柱可长期使用等优点,可应用于矿石中微量金的测定。     

Aluminium determination in environmental samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after solid phase extraction on Amberlite XAD-1180/pyrocatechol violet chelating resin

A chelating resin, pyrocatechol violet (PV) immobilised on an Amberlite XAD-1180 support, was prepared and its use for the atomic absorption spectrometric determination of aluminium was investigated. The XAD-1180-PV resin was characterised by infrared spectrometry and thermal gravimetric analysis. The optimum pH value for quantitative sorption is 8-9, and desorption can be achieved by using 5.0-10.0 ml of 2 M HCl. The effects of diverse ions on the sorption and recovery of aluminium have been studied. The capacity of sorbent was 6.45±0.59 mg g⁻¹ Al XAD-1180-PV. Recoveries for aluminium from water samples were in the range 95-105%. The accuracy of procedure was confirmed by aluminium determination in certified reference materials. The method developed was applied with varying results to the analysis of natural water, haemodialysis fluids and microwave digested red wine samples from Tokat City.     

Preconcentration and determination of trace elements with 2-aminoacetylthiophenol functionalized Amberlite XAD-2 by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry

2-Aminoacetylthiophenol (AATP)-modified Amberlite XAD-2 has been synthesized by coupling it through NNNH group. The resulting chelating resin, characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and infrared (IR) spectra, was used to preconcentrate Cd, Hg, Ag, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn ions. Several parameters, such as distribution coefficient and sorption capacity of the chelating resin, pH and flow rates of uptake and striping, volume of sample and eluent, were evaluated. The effects of electrolytes and cations on the preconcentration were also investigated. The recoveries were >96%. The procedure was validated by standard addition and analysis of a standard reference sediment material (GBW 07309 China). The developed method was utilized for preconcentration and determination of Cd, Hg, Ag, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn in tap water, river water and sediment samples by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) with satisfactory results. The 3σ detection limits for Cd, Hg, Ag, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn were found to be 0.10, 0.23, 0.41, 0.13, 0.25, 0.39 and 0.58 μg l⁻¹, respectively. The relative standard deviation of the determination was <10%.     

Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in Environmental Samples after Solid Phase Extraction on Amberlite XAD–2000

A method for speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in real samples has been developed. Cr(VI) has been separated from Cr(III) and preconcentrated as its pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC) complex by using a column containing Amberlite XAD–2000 resin and determined by FAAS. Total chromium has also been determined by FAAS after conversion of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) by oxidation with KMnO₄. Cr(III) has been calculated by subtracting Cr(VI) from the total. The effect of pH, flow‐rate, adsorption and batch capacity and effect of various metal cations and salt anions on the sorption onto the resin were investigated. The adsorption is quantitative in the pH range of 1.5–2.5, and Cr(VI) ion was desorbed by using H₂SO₄ in acetone. The recovery of Cr(VI) was 97 ± 4 at a 95% confidence level. The highest preconcentration factor was 80 for a 200 mL sample volume. The adsorption and batch capacity of sorbent were 7.4 and 8.0 mg g^?1 Cr(VI), respectively, and loading half time was 5.0 min. The detection limit of Cr(VI) is 0.6 μg/L. The procedure has been applied to the determination and speciation of chromium in stream water, tap water, mineral spring water and spring water. Also, the proposed method was applied to total chromium preconcentration in microwave digested moss and rock samples with satisfactory results. The developed method was validated with CRM‐TMDW‐500 (Certified Reference Material Trace Metals in Drinking Water) and BCR‐CRM 144R s (Certified Reference Material Sewage Sludge, Domestic Origin) and the results obtained were in good agreement with the certified values. The relative standard deviations were below 6%.     

Extraction of Organic Compounds from Aqueous Media by Amberlite XAD Resins

Abstract

Three Amberlite polymeric resins, XAD-2, XAD-4 and XAD-7, were evaluated for extraction efficiency from aqueous media of several organic compounds representing pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, phenols and phthalate esters. The three resins exhibited different extraction characteristics. The extraction efficiency of the resins was found to be dependent on pH conditions and, on the average, was best at pH7. At this pH the XAD-2 and XAD-4 resins yielded quantitative recoveries in the 90–100% range for most compounds at the 20–200ppb level. Recoveries by XAD-7 resins were lower for several compounds. The recovery of aldrin and o, p DDT under all conditions was relatively low (>68%) and showed a higher degree of variability than that obtained for the other compounds. Alkaline pH conditions were generally unfavourable for the extraction of phenolic compounds but acidification to pH2 was not found to be a necessary step for the quantitative extraction of the phenolic compounds. Acidification to pH2 further led to a decrease in the recovery of most compounds for XAD-4 resins. A combined resin column yielded extraction efficiencies comparable to the XAD-2 column at pH 7, but since the three resins possess different extraction characteristics, a mixture comprising all three is recommended for the preconcentration of organic compounds from environmental water samples containing a wide range of compounds.     

Determination of rare earth elements in seawater by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with off-line column preconcentration using 2,6-diacetylpyridine functionalized Amberlite XAD-4

An off-line column preconcentration technique using a micro-column of 2,6 diacetylpyridine functionalized Amberlite XAD-4 with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as a means of detection has been developed. The aim of the method was to determine rare earth elements (REEs) (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu) in seawater. Sample solutions (2–10 mL) were passed through the column which was then washed with ultra-pure water to remove residual matrix. The adsorbed cations on the resin were eluted by using 2 mL of 0.1 mol L⁻¹ HNO₃ containing 10 ng mL⁻¹ indium as an internal standard. The eluent was analyzed for the metal concentrations using ICP-MS. Sample pH as well as the sample and eluent flow rates were optimized. The sorption capacity of resin was determined by the batch process, by equilibrating 0.05 g of the resin with solutions of 50 mL of 25 mg L⁻¹ of individual metal ions for 4 h at pH 6.0 at 26 °C. The sorption capacities for the resin were found to range between 47.3 μmol g⁻¹ (for Lu) and 136.7 μmol g⁻¹ (for Gd). Limits of detection (3σ), without any preconcentration, ranged from 2 ng L⁻¹ to 10.3 ng L⁻¹ (for Tm and Lu respectively). The proposed method was applied to the determination of REEs in seawater and tap water samples.     

Amberlite XAD-4 functionalized with succinic acid for the solid phase extractive preconcentration and separation of uranium(VI)

Amberlite XAD-4 resin has been functionalized with succinic acid by coupling it with dibromosuccinic acid after acetylation. The resulting resin has been characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis and TGA and has been used for preconcentrative separation of uranium(VI) from host of other inorganic species prior to its determination by spectrophotometry. The optimum pH value for quantitative sorption of uranium(VI) in both batch and column modes is 4.5-8.0 and desorption can be achieved by using 5.0 ml of 1.0 mol l⁻¹ HCl. The sorption capacity of functionalized resin is 12.3 mg g⁻¹. Calibration graphs were rectilinear over the uranium(VI) concentrations in the range 5-200 μg l⁻¹. Five replicate determinations of 50 μg of uranium(VI) present in 1000 ml of solution gave a mean absorbance of 0.10 with a relative standard deviation of 2.56%. The detection limit corresponding to three times the standard deviation of the blank was found to be 2 μg l⁻¹. Various cationic and anionic species at 200-fold amounts do not interfere during the preconcentration of 5.0 μg of uranium(VI) present in 1000 ml (batch) or 100 ml (column) of sample solution. Further, adsorption kinetic and isotherm studies were also carried out by a batch method to understand the nature of sorption of uranium(VI) with the succinic acid functionalized resin. The accuracy of the developed solid phase extractive preconcentration method in conjunction with Arsenazo III procedure was tested by analyzing marine sediment (MESS-3) and soil (IAEA soil-7) reference material. Further, the above procedure has been successfully employed for the analysis of soil and sediment samples.     

Amberlite XAD-2 functionalized with 2-aminothiophenol as a new sorbent for on-line preconcentration of cadmium and copper

A new functionalized resin has been applied in an on-line preconcentration system for copper and cadmium determination. Amberlite XAD-2 was functionalized by coupling it to 2-aminothiophenol (AT-XAD) by means of an NN spacer. This resin was packed in a minicolumn and used as sorbent in the on-line system. Metal ions were sorbed in the minicolumn, from which it could be eluted directly to the nebulizer-burner system of the flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS). Elution of Cd(II) and Cu(II) from minicolumn can be made with 0.50 mol l⁻¹ HCl or HNO₃. The enrichment factors obtained were 28 (Cd) and 14 (Cu), for 60 s preconcentration time, and 74 (Cd) and 35 (Cu), if used 180 s preconcentration time. The proposed procedure allowed the determination of cadmium and copper with detection limits of 0.14 and 0.54 μg l⁻¹, respectively, when used preconcentration periods of 180 s. The effects of foreign ions on the adsorption of these metal ions are reported. The validation of the procedure was carried out by analysis of certified reference material. This procedure was applied to cadmium and copper determination in natural, drink and tap water samples.     

Centri-voltammetric study with amberlite XAD-7 resin as a carrier system

Centri-voltammetry is a novel method, which allows combining the advantages of centrifugation and voltammetry. The method offers a practical way for application of coprecipitation in trace analysis allowing direct voltammetric scan hence prevents the loss of the analyte, which usually is the case for other preconcentration techniques. The performance of the method was successfully tested using trace amounts of Pb²⁺ ions in aqueous solution in a vessel specially designed to be compatible to both centrifugation and voltammetry. XAD-7 resin was used as the carrier material and the parameters related to the carrier material and medium characteristics as well as the centrifugation settings were investigated. The sensitivity of the method was found comparable to that of stripping techniques and the detection limit for lead ions was calculated as 5.2 × 10⁻⁹ M with mercury coated gold sphere electrode. The precision of the method depends on the configuration of the working electrode and better reproducibility was obtained with mercury coated plate electrodes (R.S.D. 3.3%, n = 6).     

Amberlite XAD-2键合双硫腙螯合树脂现场预富集测定水中痕量铅

以Amberlite XAD-2树脂与双硫腙通过N N基键合的形式合成了一种新型螯合树脂(XAD-H2DZ),采用IR和TGA技术对其特性进行了表征,并将其应用于微柱现场在线采样(MFS)新技术中,实现了环境水样中痕量铅的在线原位预富集和实验室中流动注射-火焰原子吸收(FI-FAAS)系统的联机测定。当采样体积为10和50 mL时,其富集因子分别为78和384倍;检出限(3σ)分别为0.32和0.079μg/L;相对标准偏差(n=7)分别为2.0%和1.9%。对环境水样标准物质(GBW 08608)、海水中微量元素标准物质(GBW(E)080040)和实际样品(大连老虎滩区域海水以及南湖水)中铅进行分析,均获得了满意的结果。