La2CuO4型超导体中电荷有序行为的超声衰减特性研究

本文系统研究了La2CuO4型超导体中电荷有序行为相关的超声衰减特性.在La1.88-yNdySr0.12CuO4系列样品中观察到由于动态及静态的电荷条纹与晶格之间耦合而导致的超声声速和衰减异常.不同磁场下La1.88Sr0.12-xBaxCuO4系列样品的超声衰减特性表明x≤0.04的样品中存在局域的电荷条纹有序,外加磁场压制超导电性后能够导致局域电荷条纹序的增强.实验结果表明电声子相互作用在铜氧化物超导体的电荷有序现象中扮演着重要的角色.     

磁场对La2-x-yNdySrxCuO4体系电荷条纹相的影响

最近的研究结果表明在La2-x-yNdySrxCuO4体系中，静态电荷条纹的形成以及动态电荷条纹的运动都和晶格有一定的耦合．基于此，我们通过超声衰减测量研究了磁场对La2-x-yNdySrxCuO4（x=0．12，y=0,0．4 and x=0．04，y=0）体系中电荷条纹的影响．对La1．48Nd0．4Sr0．12CuO4。我们发现70K附近对应于静态电荷条纹形成的超声衰减峰以及此温度以下超声声速的异常硬化在零场和14T的强磁场下基本没有变化，说明静态电荷有序非常稳定，磁场对其没有影响．但是对La1．88Sr0．12CuO4样品。由于超导电性占主导地位，静态电荷序的形成被压制在很低的温度（10K以下）．我们发现低温下的超声衰减峰及声速硬化随磁场的增加而逐渐向高温方向移动，同时低温下的声速硬化加强．这意味着磁场能够钉扎La1．88Sh0.12CuO4中的动态电荷条纹．这一实验结果为La系超导体中静态电荷有序与超导电性之间的竞争提供了了进一步的证据．随着磁场的加强，超导序逐渐被压制，静态电荷序得以显现．La1．96Sr0．04CuO4的超声衰减特性测量结果显示，在团簇玻璃态下由于作为团簇畴壁的电荷条纹的运动而导致的超声能量损耗不随磁场发生变化．     

磁场对La2-x-yNdySrxCuO4体系电荷条纹相的影响

最近的研究结果表明在La2-x-yNdySrxCuO4体系中,静态电荷条纹的形成以及动态电荷条纹的运动都和晶格有一定的耦合.基于此,我们通过超声衰减测量研究了磁场对La2-x-yNdySrxCuO4(x=0.12, y=0, 0.4 and x=0.04, y=0)体系中电荷条纹的影响.对La1.48Nd0.4Sr0.12CuO4,我们发现70 K附近对应于静态电荷条纹形成的超声衰减峰以及此温度以下超声声速的异常硬化在零场和14T的强磁场下基本没有变化,说明静态电荷有序非常稳定,磁场对其没有影响.但是对La1.88Sr0.12CuO4样品,由于超导电性占主导地位,静态电荷序的形成被压制在很低的温度(10 K以下).我们发现低温下的超声衰减峰及声速硬化随磁场的增加而逐渐向高温方向移动,同时低温下的声速硬化加强.这意味着磁场能够钉扎La1.88Sr0.12CuO4中的动态电荷条纹.这一实验结果为La系超导体中静态电荷有序与超导电性之间的竞争提供了了进一步的证据.随着磁场的加强,超导序逐渐被压制,静态电荷序得以显现.La1.96Sr0.04CuO4的超声衰减特性测量结果显示,在团簇玻璃态下由于作为团簇畴壁的电荷条纹的运动而导致的超声能量损耗不随磁场发生变化.     

La1.88-yNdySr0.12CuO4中电荷有序的超声衰减研究

通过对La1.88-yNdySr0.12CuO4系列多晶样品电阻率的测量,发现y=0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6样品的电阻率随着温度降低在50～80K之间出现一个小于5%的跳跃转变,转变前其导电行为呈金属性,转变后呈半导体性,暗示了体系中静态电荷有序的产生.随着Nd掺杂量y的增加,转变温度Tc0升高,跳跃转变宽度变窄.进一步的超声衰减测量显示,对应电荷有序温度Tc0,声速随温度降低开始出现异常硬化,衰减系数也出现峰值,随y的增加,衰减峰明显加强.实验结果表明, Nd掺杂的增加利于钉扎体系中的动态电荷关联而形成静态的电荷有序.这种作用可能主要是由于Nd掺杂引起体系局域结构畸变,低温四方相(LTT)结构畴比例增加并得以稳定引起的,说明LTT相利于静态电荷有序条纹的形成.     

(La1-x Yx)0.5Sr0.5MnO3体系的结构和输运性质研究

实验研究了La0.5Sr0.5MnO3体系La位上Y掺杂对电荷有序相的影响。结果表明掺杂量为0．15以下时，样品均呈现金属—绝缘体转变行为；当掺杂量为0．2，0．25时样品中出现了电荷有序相，通过对样品的结构和输运特性的仔细研究，发现有三种因素对其输运特性具有重要影响：带宽即＜rA＞，eg电子的轨道，无序度δ^2，同时，实验结果表明电荷有序相的形成是因为电子之间的强关联作用的结果。     

内耗测量在钙钛矿结构Mn基氧化物研究中的应用

运用内耗测量技术系统地研究了空穴型和电子型掺杂锰氧化物的相分离行为。对于La0．67，Ca0．33MnO3样品，在铁磁金属区，内耗温度曲线Q^-1（T）上观察到与电子相分离有关的内耗峰。此外，我们在顺磁区观察到与磁团簇形成有关的内耗峰。磁测量的结果也证明了在顺磁区Griffiths相的存在。采用内耗、电阻和杨氏模量原位测量的方法研究了La5／8-yPryCa3／8MnO3（y=0．35）中电流对电荷有序相的影响。较大的电流破坏了电荷有序态，导致电阻率降低，同时杨氏模量也有相应的变化。通过分析表明，在La5／8-yPryCa3／8MnO3（y=0．35）中存在相分离行为，即电荷有序相和铁磁金属相共存。对于电子型掺杂的Sr0．8Ce0．2MnO3和Bi0.4Ca0．5MnO3样品，通过内耗实验同样给出了相分离的证据。在外加磁场下的内耗实验表明，Sr0．8Ce0．2MnO3顺磁区的内耗峰起源于非关联的磁团簇的形成。对于电荷有序体系Bi0.4Ca0．5MnO3由于电荷有序和电荷无序畴壁运动而导致的内耗峰被观测到。研究表明，对于空穴型和电子型掺杂锰氧化物，实验中观察到的相分离行为可能是由于MnO3八面体的Jahn-Teller畸变所导致。实验结果显示了内耗测量技术对研究强关联电子体系Mn基氧化物相分离行为是十分有效的工具。     

La1．48Nd0．4Sr0．12CuO4的结构相变研究

用高分辨电镜观察了室温下La1．48Nd0．4Sr0．12CuO4和La1.88Sr0.12CuO4样品的原子结构像，观察到了其中的La2O2层和CuO2层沿c轴方向交叉堆砌．这两个样品的微结构非常相似，说明Nd掺杂没有造成周期性的调制结构．用变温X射线研究了La1．48Nd0．4Sr0．12CuO4样品中低温正交（LTO）到低温四方（LTT）结构相变，给出了晶格常数随温度的演化过程．     

窄带隙Pr0．6Ca0．4MnO3体系的电荷有序和多重磁化转变

研究了窄带隙Pr0．6Ca0．4MnO3体系的电荷有序及低温下的团簇玻璃现象．实验表明，样品具有典型的相分离特征，在高温区于241K左右发生电荷有序（Charge Ordering，CO）转变，在高的外加磁场下破坏了样品的电荷有序和反铁磁，使材料发生绝缘—金属转变．在低温下（T～41K），形成自旋玻璃态（Spin Glass，SG）．发现了存在于低温团簇玻璃相中的多重磁化跳跃现象，利用外场作用下AFM团簇中磁矩的翻转而导致铁磁成分的增加对实验结果给予了初步解释，证明了磁场作用对Pr0．6Ca0．4MnO3的CO与团簇玻璃态冻结之间的直接关联作用．     

Nd0.5Ca0.5Mn1-xAlxO3 (x=0,0.03)体系中电荷有序态的超声研究

系统研究了Nd0．5Ca0．5Mn1-xAlxO3(x=0,0．03)单相多晶样品在低温下的电磁性质和超声特性．电阻和磁化率测量表明,Nd0．5Ca0.5O3体系在TCO-257 K处发生了电荷有序相变．超声声速从室温开始随着温度的降低逐渐减小,并在TCO附近达到最小,之后,随着温度的进一步降低,声速急刷增加,同时伴随着一个尖锐的超声衰减峰出现.TCO附近的超声异常表明体系中存在着强烈的电-声子相互作用,该电-声子耦合来源于Mn3 的Jahn-Teller效应．在低温下,出现了另一个超声衰减峰,它的出现归结为反铁磁相与顺磁相之间的相分离现象.随着Al在Mn位的掺入,超声声速的最低点和衰减峰向低温移动,表明体系中的电荷有序态和反铁磁相均被部分抑制,     

空穴注入法掺杂对La_(2-x)Sr_xCu_(0.94)Ti_(0.06)O_4体系微结构的影响(英文)

本文首先在最佳掺杂的La1.85Sr0.15CuO4体系中用6%的Ti 4+取代Cu2+使其超导电性完全消失,然后用空穴注入法掺杂成功地合成了La2-xSrxCu0.94Ti0.06O4(0.15≤x≤0.39)系列多晶样品,并用X光衍射、红外透射光谱和拉曼光谱等实验手段对样品的结构、微结构以及样品中CuO6八面体的振动模进行了系统地研究.红外透射光谱和拉曼光谱测量研究结果表明,被注入的空穴将补偿那些围绕在杂质Ti周围的电子,这将导致Ti的有效价态降低并弱化CuO2面上的不对称性,使那些近邻杂质的被局域化的空穴重新变成巡游载流子,进而将重新开始对超导电性负责.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.