WS-Ⅰ型微量水份测定仪的研制

测定气体中痕量水份有露点仪、电解水份仪、压电水份仪和氧化铝水份仪等,各有优缺点;就灵敏度、连续性和操作繁简来说,以氧化铝水份仪为佳。1941年Kaller首先发表了氧化铝作介质的电容电阻湿度计。Cutting和Jason为现代氧化铝湿度计奠定了理论和实践方面的基础。美国Pana公司和爱尔兰Shaw公司已生产多种型号的商品仪器。而国内,未见有报导。WS—I型微量水份仪即根据氧化铝电容、电阻原理而设计並研制的仪器。可连续测定氢、氮、氩、空气等洁净气体中的水份,测量范围为-90℃～-20℃露点(相当于0.1～1000ppmv);测量准确度为±3℃露点;测量重复性为±1℃露点。     

分流法湿度发生器PLC控制系统的研制

采用可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)研制分流法湿度发生器的控制系统,提高了分流法湿度发生器在低湿度范围发生湿气的准确度。利用精密露点仪获得准确的露点值,并反馈控制分流法湿度发生器的各项控制参数,通过二次调节,湿度发生器可以输出湿度值更加准确的气体,发生湿气的露点最大允许误差为±0.5℃,重复性为0.15%(n=6),露点输出范围为–70~–10℃。该控制系统拓宽了分流法湿度发生器的应用范围,提高了湿度计量的工作效率。     

图像式露点测量仪器的功能开发

介绍了一种新型计量露点的标准仪器“图像第三式露点仪”的系统原理、软硬件构成及关键技术,该仪器经国家权威机构检定和若干单位试用表明,其性能稳定可靠,对提高部队乃至其行业的湿度露点的计量水平起到了积极的作用并且具有广泛的推广前景。     

湿度标准物质的现状与镜面冷却式露点仪

1 前言 各种各样的湿度传感器已得到普及,但真正可靠的仪器出乎意料地少。这主要是由于传感器本身随时间而发生质量变化使性能降低所致。人们熟知,性能不降低的仪器是镜面冷却式露点仪。 不能简单地获得湿度的标准也是因为测量湿度很难。湿度的标准如果象质量砝码那样有一个装入容器能简单移动的恒湿容器就     

光电露点仪湿度测量的误差分析

指出用光电露点仪进行湿度测量时引入误差的各种因素,提出相应的解决方法。     

-20～+60℃露点温度法湿度传递标准

通过改善镜面冷却系统及光学探测装置扩大中温传递标准;通过在相对高露点温度下,使水和空气分离的冷凝回复系统,设计建立了新型高温传递标准,并做了误差分析。     

用于校准露点湿度计的表面温度变送器

介绍一种简单的表面温度变送器,它可在无热流的情况下,使用差式热电偶和铂电阻温度计测量镜面温度。测量结果表明,本温度变送器和测量技术可分辨±0.02℃的镜面温度。     

一体化湿度校准装置的研制

介绍一体化湿度校准装置的原理、实现方法和性能特点。根据分流法原理研制湿度发生单元,根据露点法原理研制湿度控制单元,通过软硬件系统实现闭环控制,组成一体化的湿度校准装置。对其测量不确定度进行了评定,在露点–50~20℃范围内,扩展不确定度U=0.3℃(k=2);在露点–70~–50℃范围内,扩展不确定度U=0.5℃(k=2)。该装置具有自动化程度高、量值准确可靠、平衡时间短、便于移动或携带等特点,能够扩展分流法湿度发生器的应用领域。     

湿度计量标准平台的研制

研制了湿度计量标准平台,包括精密露点测量、标准湿度发生、湿度传感器测试校准装置3个系统。各系统通过计算机软件控制,能够按照设定步骤工作,既可完成对常规湿度测量仪器的检定测试,又可对智能湿度传感器进行通讯并对其校准。     

便携式湿度发生器的研制

介绍一种便携分流式湿度发生器的工作原理及研制过程。该便携式湿度发生器利用分流法湿度发生原理,采用微控制器和质量流量控制技术实现了自动发生不同流量、不同露点气体的功能,可为露点测试仪检定和校准提供动态标准湿度气体。通过验证试验证明,该装置测量准确可靠。     

胶束电动毛细管色谱法分析玫瑰纯露中的苯乙醇

玫瑰纯露是玫瑰提取精油后的重要副产物,是玫瑰精油的饱和水溶液,不仅含有植物水溶活性成分,同时也保留了精油的芳香成分,含有矿物养分,具有抗衰老、清除自由基,抗过敏、抗菌、消炎、防紫外线损伤等功效,是继玫瑰精油之后护肤领域重要的优势产品之一,但目前尚无关于其质量控制的标准,市售产品质量参差不齐。为此,该研究发展了一种胶束电动毛细管色谱法用于快速检测玫瑰纯露中的指标成分苯乙醇。在实验过程中分析物的定性通过标准物质加标及紫外吸收可见光谱图比对确认。实验对缓冲溶液中硼砂浓度、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)浓度、分离电压、进样条件、检测条件等影响检测的关键因素进行了考察。在优化条件(分离缓冲溶液10 mmol/L Na₂B₂O₇+15 mmol/L SDS,分离电压+20 kV,检测波长208 nm,进样5 kPa, 5 s)下,玫瑰纯露样品在7 min内可以完成检测。本方法对苯乙醇检测的线性范围为0.50～1 000 mg/L,线性相关系数(r²)为0.999 0,检出限(LOD,S/N=3)为0.091 mg/L...     

Dew Points of Binary Nitrogen + Water Mixtures

Abstract

Experimental measurements of dew point for binary nitrogen + water were carried out between 5.010⁵Pa and 100.210⁵ Pa and temperatures from 263.0 K to 283.7 K. The experimental method is based on the generation of wet gases by water condensation in two temperature-controlled condensers with continuous gas flow at specified pressures.     

Quantitative Moisture Measurement with a Cavity Ring-down Spectrometer using Telecom Diode Lasers

Moisture measurement is of great needs in semiconductor industry, combustion diagnosis, meteorology, and atmospheric studies. We present an optical hygrometer based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). By using different absorption lines of H₂O in the 1.56 and 1.36 μm regions, we are able to determine the relative concentration (mole fraction) of water vapor from a few percent down to the 10^-12 level. The quantitative accuracy is examined by comparing the CRDS hygrometer with a commercial chilled-mirror dew-point meter. The high sensitivity of the CRDS instrument allows a water detection limit of 8 pptv.     

Application of linear discriminant analysis to the study of dew chemistry on the basis of samples collected in Poland (2004–2005)

This paper presents the results of determination of selected characteristics (anions, cations, formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, phenols, TC, TIC, TOC and metals) in dew samples collected in six different sites in Poland. The influence of local parameters (e.g. wind speed, humidity) was investigated. Discriminant analysis was applied to the study of several dew samples collected from different sampling sites covering six agglomerations in Poland. Discriminant function analysis was used not only for classifying samples into different groups with a better than chance accuracy, but also for detecting the most important variables that discern between the groups of samples considered. In this way it was possible to identify which ions or other physicochemical features are responsible for the similarities or differences observed between different groups of dew samples. A good agreement with their origin and location was observed. It is interesting to note that the classification of all samples was dominated by pH, wind direction, pressure and temperature with a significant contribution of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions.      

Broad-Range Detection of Water Vapor using Cavity Ring-down Spectrometer

Quantitative measurement of water vapor is essential in many fields including semiconduc-tor industry, combustion diagnosis, meteorology, and atmospheric studies. We present an optical hygrometer based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy. The instrument is high-vacuum compatible, self-calibrated by using the free-spectral-range of the ring-down cavity made of low-thermal-expansion Invar. Using a single tunable diode laser working at 1.39 μm, detection of trace water vapor in vacuum and in high-purity helium gas, and also determination of humidity at ambient conditions, have been demonstrated. It indicates that the instrument can be used to detect the partial pressure of water vapor in a very broad range from 10^-7 Pa to 10³ Pa. Such an optical hygrometer can be potentially applied as a primary moisture standard to determine the vapor pressures of water (ice) at low temperatures.     

盐酸滴定碳酸钠第二化学计量点碳酸浓度的探讨

盐酸滴定碳酸钠第二化学计量点碳酸的浓度是溶液的pH值的计算依据，碳酸的浓度应该根据等物质的量反应原理，利用反应溶液的浓度具体计算得出，同时，应该明确说明计算时忽略碳酸的分解这一前提条件。     

两点法确定混胺中两组分的电位滴定终点

利用两点法确定了液体推进剂混胺中两组分——三乙胺乖二甲苯胺的电位滴定终点,并与常规的弧切作图法乖二阶微分法确定的滴定终点进行了配对t检验,显示结果之间不存在显著差异,或可予校正。两点法简单快速,结果可靠,特别适宜于大量样品的快速分析。