All-optical steering of laser-wakefield-accelerated electron beams

We investigate the influence of a tilted laser-pulse-intensity front on laser-wakefield acceleration. Such asymmetric light pulses may be exploited to obtain control over the electron-bunch-pointing direction and in our case allowed for reproducible electron-beam steering in an all-optical way within an 8 mrad opening window with respect to the initial laser axis. We also discovered evidence of collective electron-betatron oscillations due to off-axis electron injection into the wakefield induced by a pulse-front tilt. These findings are supported by 3D particle-in-cell simulations.     

Emittance measurements of a laser-wakefield-accelerated electron beam

The transverse emittance of a relativistic electron beam generated by the interaction of a high-intensity laser with an underdense plasma has been measured with the "pepper-pot" method. For parameters pertaining to the forced laser wakefield regime, we have measured an emittance as low as (2.7+/-0.9) pi mm mrad for (55+/-2) MeV electrons. These measurements are consistent with 3D particle-in-cell simulations of the experiment, which additionally show the existence of a relatively large halo around the beam core.     

Generation of high-quality electron beams from a laser-based advanced accelerator

At Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) we have established a research laboratory for advanced acceleration research based on high-power lasers and plasma technologies. In a primary experiment based on the laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) scheme, multi-hundred MeV electron beams of reasonable quality are generated using 20-40 TW, 30 femtosecond laser pulses interacting independently with helium, neon, nitrogen and argon gas jet targets. The laser-plasma interaction conditions are optimized for stabilizing the electron beam generation from each type of gas. The electron beam pointing angle stability and divergence angle as well as the energy spectra from each gas jet are measured and compared.     

基于紧聚焦超高斯激光脉冲的大电量低发散度电子束产生

在激光尾场加速中,光学注入是一种有效的可控电子注入机制。然而,低电量、大发散度的电子束特性无法满足实际应用的需要。为获得大电量、高品质电子束提出采用紧聚焦的超高斯激光作为注入脉冲的新型注入方案。研究发现,相比于普通高斯激光,紧聚焦的超高斯激光不仅能够将电子束发散度降低近一个数量级,而且能够保持电子束电荷量不变。通过哈密顿理论模型证实,离轴电子是发散度的主要来源,而紧聚焦的超高斯激光极大地限制了离轴电子的注入,因此有效地降低了电子束的发散度。     

Flat electron beams

Electrons from a source in a solenoidal magnetic field emerge from that field with a characteristic angular momentum. This behavior can be used to produce a flat ribbon-like electron beam with zero thickness (to first order). We show that this can be done using a quadrupole triplet and provide analytical expressions for the focal length of each lens. Solutions can be found over a wide range of practical values of the parameters.     

Theory of single-component electron beams

V. I. Lenin All-Union Electrotechnical Institute. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 733–740, June, 1990.     

Transverse cooling of electron beams

The possibility of cyclotron maser cooling of the transverse motion of electrons in a beam with the oblate velocity distribution characteristic of the setups with electron cooling has been analyzed.     

Long-distance propagation of pseudo-partially coherent Gaussian Schell-model beams in atmospheric turbulence

Propagation properties of spatially pseudo-partially coherent Gaussian Schell-model beams through the atmo- spheric turbulence over a long-distance uplink path are studied by numerical simulation. A linear coordination trans-formation is introduced to overcome the window effect and the loss-of-resolution problem. The beam spreading, beam wandering, and intensity scintillation as functions of turbulence strength, source correlation length, and change frequency of random phase that models the partial coherence of the source are analyzed. It is found that the beam spreading and the intensity scintillation of the partially coherent beam are less affected by the turbulence than those of the coherent one, but it suffers from a more severe diffractive effect, and the change frequency of random phase has no evident influence on it. The beam wandering is insensitive to the variation of source correlation length, and decreases firstly then goes to a fixed value as the change frequency increases.     

Surface analysis using electron beams

Presumably, we have no need to convince the reader of the importance of surface phenomena. More precisely, however, it is interface phenomena that are important: the solid/solid interface in electronics, the solid/liquid interface in electrochemistry, the solidlgas interface in catalysis. From the standpoint of technology, the solid/vacuum interface must by comparison seem of a lower order of priority. It is, however, accessible to the sort of poking and probing that enables us to better understand the force laws that determine the properties of all interfaces.     

Collimation with hollow electron beams

A novel concept of controlled halo removal for intense high-energy beams in storage rings and colliders is presented. It is based on the interaction of the circulating beam with a 5-keV, magnetically confined, pulsed hollow electron beam in a 2-m-long section of the ring. The electrons enclose the circulating beam, kicking halo particles transversely and leaving the beam core unperturbed. By acting as a tunable diffusion enhancer and not as a hard aperture limitation, the hollow electron beam collimator extends conventional collimation systems beyond the intensity limits imposed by tolerable losses. The concept was tested experimentally at the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton collider. The first results on the collimation of 980-GeV antiprotons are presented.     

Polarized beams for electron accelerators

NEA-GaAs based photocathodes allow the production of spin-polarized electron beams for fundamental research. We demonstrate how semiconductor properties influence salient parameters such as polarization and beam brightness. We present techniques that provide remedies for the extreme sensitivity to environmental factors. These are discussed for the specific installation that has provided spin-polarized beam at the MAMI facility during the last decade.     

Proposed double-layer target for the generation of high-quality laser-accelerated ion beams

In order to achieve a high-quality, i.e., monoenergetic, intense ion beam, we propose the use of a double-layer target. The first layer, at the target front, consists of high-Z atoms, while the second (rear) layer is a thin coating of low-Z atoms. The generation of high-quality proton beams from the double-layer target, irradiated by an ultraintense laser pulse, is demonstrated with three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations.     

Dynamics of electron beams in plasmas

The characteristic features of the relaxation of the energy and momentum distribution functions of the electrons in a plasma produced by a low-voltage beam discharge in helium are investigated. It is established that, contrary to widely held opinion, the energy of an intense electron beam may relax due to the wave excitation. The critical currents corresponding to a jumplike transition from one relaxation mechanism to another are measured. The density of metastable helium atoms is determined from the comparative analysis of theoretical and experimental results on the structure of the energy spectrum of the electrons of an intense beam. An intense electron beam is found to become more isotropic in the course of its interaction with Langmuir waves in a collisionless plasma. The cross section for quasi-elastic collisions between the electrons and Langmuir plasmons is estimated. The wave nature of the beam-plasma mechanism for the relaxation of the anisotropic electron energy distribution function is demonstrated, and the mechanism itself is shown to come into play when the discharge current exceeds a certain critical level. The experimental threshold criterion for the energy relaxation of an intense monoenergetic beam is obtained for the first time. It is shown that the relaxation occurs in two stages: the isotropization stage, in which the beam energy decreases insignificantly, is followed by the stage in which the beam relaxes to a state with a plateau-like energy distribution function. The threshold criterion for the relaxation of the anisotropic electron energy distribution function is universal in character regardless of the cause of anisotropy.     

多脉冲电子束发射度测量

采用多孔板并结合电子束在石英片相互作用产生的契仑柯夫辐射,对以天鹅绒为阴极发射的强流多脉冲电子束发射度和亮度进行了实验研究和测量。实验观测到了有外加磁场条件下的电子束发生旋转现象。对于电子能量为600 kV左右的电子束,多孔板处的磁场小于2.7 mT时,电子束元的偏离已经小于2°。分别测量了天鹅绒阴极发射的强流四脉冲电子束和双脉冲电子束的积分亮度,分别为7.5×107A/(m.rad)2和4.14×108A/(m.rad)2。结果表明,双脉冲电子束的积分亮度明显优于四脉冲电子束的积分亮度,进而验证了阴极等离子体对多脉冲电子束亮度具有重要影响,降低了电子束的品质。     

多脉冲电子束发射度测量

采用多孔板并结合电子束在石英片相互作用产生的契仑柯夫辐射,对以天鹅绒为阴极发射的强流多脉冲电子束发射度和亮度进行了实验研究和测量。实验观测到了有外加磁场条件下的电子束发生旋转现象。对于电子能量为600 kV左右的电子束,多孔板处的磁场小于2.7 mT时,电子束元的偏离已经小于2°。分别测量了天鹅绒阴极发射的强流四脉冲电子束和双脉冲电子束的积分亮度,分别为7.5×107 A/(m·rad)2和4.14×108 A/(m·rad)2。结果表明,双脉冲电子束的积分亮度明显优于四脉冲电子束的积分亮度,进而验证了阴极等离子体对多脉冲电子束亮度具有重要影响,降低了电子束的品质。     

Parametric characterization of Mathieu-Gauss beams

Based on the irradiance moments definitions, the expression of factor of truncated zeroth-order Mathieu-Gauss beams (MGBs) is derived analytically. Furthermore, the propagation equation of kurtosis parameter of non-truncated MBGs passing through a paraxial ABCD optical system is established. Particularly, the dependence of factor and kurtosis parameter on the spatial profile of the beam are illustrated numerically and analyzed in details.     

自旋极化电子束及其应用

自旋极化电子束的获得,为自旋极化电子与原子碰撞符合实验研究奠定了基础,通过符合实验,已经能够获得电子原子碰撞的更多的信息,而且能够探测到碰撞过程中的自旋相关效应,并为分子结构及固体表面的研究提供了一种新的研究手段.     

纳秒脉冲气体放电中逃逸电子束流的研究

经典的放电理论(Townsend和流注理论)不能很好地解释纳秒脉冲放电中的现象,近年来基于高能量电子逃逸击穿的纳秒脉冲气体放电理论研究受到广泛关注,有研究发现,高能逃逸电子是纳秒脉冲气体放电中的新特征参数,本文研制了用于测量纳秒脉冲放电中逃逸电子束流的收集器,并对脉宽3—5ns、上升沿1.2—1.6 n8激励的大气压纳秒脉冲气体放电中逃逸电子束流进行了测量,收集器采用类似法拉第杯的原理,利用金属极收集纳秒脉冲放电中的高能电子,并转换为电信号后由示波器采集,为了获得更好的逃逸电子束流波形,对逃逸电子束流收集器进行了优化设计,提高了收集器的阻抗匹配特性,基于上述的逃逸电子束流收集器,研究了纳秒脉冲气体放电中逃逸电子的特征,实验结果表明,所设计的收集器可以有效地测量到逃逸电子束流,改进设计后收集器测得的逃逸电子柬流的时间分辨率和幅值均得到提高,施加电压约80 kV时,大气压空气中的逃逸电子束流幅值可达160 mA,脉宽小于1ns,多个脉冲激励放电的结果表明逃逸电子束流收集器具有较好的可靠性,其瞬态响应与时间分辨率比较稳定。