摄影焦距对测量箭体漂移影响的分析

高速摄影仪在航天试验靶场中主要用于火箭垂直起飞段的横向漂移测量,它采用近距离、短焦距物镜对火箭进行跟踪测量,任何微小的线量误差将带来较大的测量误差,以致严重影响火箭漂移量的处理精度。为此,建立了高速摄影仪摄影焦距的微量变化对箭体漂移量误差产生影响的数学模型,利用标称数据进行仿真分析,并给出焦距修正系数的计算方法。     

Combining Cubic Spline Interpolation and Fast Fourier Transform to Extend Measuring Range of Reflectometry

The reflectometry is a common method used to measure the thickness of thin films. Using a conventional method,its measurable range is limited due to the low resolution of the current spectrometer embedded in the reflectometer.We present a simple method, using cubic spline interpolation to resample the spectrum with a high resolution,to extend the measurable transparent film thickness. A large measuring range up to 385 m in optical thickness is achieved with the commonly used system. The numerical calculation and experimental results demonstrate that using the FFT method combined with cubic spline interpolation resampling in reflectrometry, a simple,easy-to-operate, economic measuring system can be achieved with high measuring accuracy and replicability.     

Using broadband absorption spectroscopy to measure concentration of sulfur dioxide

A linear relationship between concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and optical parameter (OP) is established using the Beer–Lambert law. The SO₂ measuring system is set up to measure the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the wavelength range 275–315 nm. Experimental results indicate that the detection limit of the sulfur dioxide measuring system is below 0.2 ppm per meter of path length, and the measurement precision is better than ±1%. The proposed SO₂ measuring method features limited interference from other gases and dust, and high stability and short response time.     

High-resolution, large dynamic range fiber length measurement based on a frequency-shifted asymmetric Sagnac interferometer

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a single-mode fiber length and dispersion measurement system based on what we believe to be a novel frequency-shifted asymmetric Sagnac interferometer incorporating an acousto-optic modulator (AOM). By sweeping the driving frequency of the AOM, which is asymmetrically placed in the Sagnac loop, the optical length of the fiber can be determined by measuring the corresponding variation in the phase delay between the two counterpropagating light beams. Combined with a high-resolution data processing algorithm, this system yields a dynamic range from a few centimeters to 60 km (limited by our availability of long fibers) with a resolution of approximately 1 part per million for long fibers.     

Ultralow-birefringence measurement in optical fibers by the twist method

We describe a simple method for measuring ultralow birefringence in optical fibers. It allows one to measure birefringence in the range of 4x10(-6) 1.25x10(-8) , which corresponds to the 0.2580-m range of the polarization beat length at the wavelength of 1 microm . A fiber section of a length shorter than the polarization beat length can be used for measurement. The measuring procedure involves measurement of the light intensity only and does not require an analysis of the light-polarization state. Experimental results for an optical fiber with a beat length of 1.9m are presented.     

基于重采样技术的调频连续波激光绝对测距高精度及快速测量方法研究

调频连续波激光测距方法可以实现高精度的大尺寸绝对距离测量, 且测量过程无需合作目标, 在大空间坐标精密测量领域有很高的研究价值. 而如何提高测量分辨率和实用化一直是近年来调频连续波激光绝对测距研究的热点. 本文研究了调频连续波激光测距的原理, 基于双光路调频连续波激光测距系统, 提出了通过信号拼接提高测量分辨率的信号处理优化方案, 该方案可以提高测距分辨率, 且可以降低对激光器的性能要求; 提出了可实现高速测量的简易测量方法. 设计加工了双光路光纤调频连续波激光测距系统, 利用该系统进行了测距分辨率及测距误差标定实验, 实验结果表明: 优化方案可以有效地提高测量分辨率和测量效率, 在26 m测量范围内, 测距分辨率达到了50 μm, 测距误差不超过100 μm; 快速测量方案有较高实用价值.     

Amplified luminescence and threshold current temperature dependencies of ZnSe and GaN laser diodes

Using a transfer equation approach, it is shown that the cavity-trapped amplified luminescence (AL) flux densities S integrated over the frequency and cavity length at the threshold of ZnSe, zinc-blende and wurtzite GaN laser diodes (LDs) with stripe-geometry bulk active layers reach (3.5–9)×10⁴ MW/m² within the temperature range 200–400 K. At these values of S, the nonlinear optical effects induced by AL can be observed. The AL induced recombination can enhance the threshold current density of the short wavelength LDs by two or even three times. Received: 7 January 2002 / Revised version: 11 April 2002 / Published online: 8 August 2002     

一种利用电光效应测量微小转角的新方法

利用线性电光效应发展出一种新的、高准确度的微小转角测量法.根据W.L. She等人提出的线性电光效应耦合波理论,求得出射光强与入射光强比值（即出射率）对入射光方向的依赖曲线,利用该曲线,通过测量出射率可以确定入射光的方向.并根据此原理,设计了一套简单的装置,该装置可以测量出物体微小转角的变化量,同时测量范围及准确度都可通过外加电场和入射光波长加以调节.对此微小转角测量法作了理论分析,在LiNbO3器件上,得到测量范围大于3′,准确度为3.5″的设计结果.     

基于正交调制的激光测距系统和解模糊方法

提出一种基于正交调制的激光测距系统,该方案与传统的二次混频方法相比,提高了相位测量精度并简化了系统的硬件设计,针对距离测量过程中的距离模糊问题,提出了一种基于超定方程组的距离解模糊算法,避免了对最优解的搜索,最后使用2台K60激光测距仪和3台基于本方案的测距仪在精度为0.18 mm的国家标准基线上进行对比试验,结果显示,测距时间少于1.8 s,平均测量误差在2 mm以内,在60 m的量程内测距标准差在1 mm以内,验证了该方案相比较传统的方法具有更高的测量精度和速度。     

Adaptive optics interferometer using superspeckles for high resolution deformation measurement

Digital speckle pattern interferometry (DSPI) is a well-known technique for measuring deformations, but it is limited in range by speckle decorrelation. We developed an adaptive interferometer with increased measurement range by combining the DSPI set-up with a pupil filter that generates optical superresolution. As a result, a decrease in the transverse speckle size is observed accompanied with a substantial increase in the longitudinal speckle size. The increase in the speckle correlation length along the optical axis allows for obtaining an out-of-plane deformation measurement over a significantly extended depth. An experimental verification of this concept of superspeckles is presented with an intensity-only LCD spatial light modulator (SLM) acting as a pupil filter. Comparison of speckle correlation fringes with and without the superresolution filter confirms the proposed concept. The present work demonstrates a doubling of the measurement range when using the superresolution interferometer. A standard set-up in which the speckle length is comparably elongated by stopping down the lens has a similar loss of intensity, but its lateral resolution is only half as good.     

连续变焦大气相干长度测量系统设计

望远镜在大气光学参数测量中起到至关重要的作用,测量方法是通过跟踪恒星或者信标实时测量数据。基于不同速度信标的移动特点,需要设计3 m~6 m变焦大气相干长度测量系统用于大气相干长度的测量,设计波段为可见光486 nm~656 nm,探测元全视场11 mm,入瞳直径300 mm。利用光学设计软件设计出一款折返式变焦望远系统,光学结构由卡式望远系统和三组元机械补偿式连续变焦系统组成,系统结构简单,成本低,凸轮曲线平滑,压力升角均小于45。系统可对变焦焦距数据实时输出,适合于快速和慢速不同场合下实时进行大气参数测量。     

Automatic selection of focal lengths in a Depth From Defocus measurement system based on liquid lenses

A simple and compact Depth-From-Defocus (DFD) setup, using telecentric illumination and liquid-lens based camera observation, was shown to perform well for 3D shape acquisition over extended measuring range. A further step to ameliorate the system performance is described in this paper. We focused on finding an algorithm to speed up the calibration step of the method, that automatically determines the minimum number of focal lengths to be used in the calibration and measurement procedure. As a result, the calibration is significantly shortened (up to 80% with respect to the original procedure), and the need to manually (and to some extent arbitrarily) select the focal length pairs is overcome. Measurement errors down to 0.73 mm over the measurement depth range of 130 mm, corresponding to 0.55% of the depth range are achieved, in total agreement with the original system.     

A novel method for measuring optical fiber delay lines based on the optical fiber low-coherence Young's interferometer

According to the principle of double-beam interference imaging using an infrared broadband light source, a novel method based on the optical fiber low-coherence Young's interferometer for the measurement of programmable optical fiber delay line is proposed. By measuring the small length increments of delay fiber through the evaluation of the central positions of zero-order interference fringes, we successfully construct a system with a variety of important functions, such as real-time controlling, measurement and displaying. This system offers the benefit that it can be regulated precisely to generate interference stripes once again after the length of fiber segment changes. When the locations of central stripes are moved to coincide with the original markers, the determination of the corresponding fiber optical delay time becomes really simplified, as just by reading out the tinny displacement of the reference arm. Multiple groups of experimental results demonstrate the outstanding performance of the proposed system since it bears a measuring accuracy of μm and a measuring range from 1 mm to 20 cm.     

Atom interferometry with a weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate

We demonstrate the operation of an atom interferometer based on a weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate. We strongly reduce the interaction induced decoherence that usually limits interferometers based on trapped condensates by tuning the s-wave scattering length almost to zero via a magnetic Feshbach resonance. We employ a 39K condensate trapped in an optical lattice, where Bloch oscillations are forced by gravity. The fine-tuning of the scattering length down to 0.1 a_(0) and the micrometric sizes of the atomic sample make our system a very promising candidate for measuring forces with high spatial resolution. Our technique can be in principle extended to other measurement schemes opening new possibilities in the field of trapped atom interferometry.     

同时测量扭转角度和扭转方向的侧漏光子晶体光纤扭转传感器

基于所研制的侧漏型光子晶体光纤,提出并构建了出一种同时检测扭转角度 和扭转方向的高灵敏度Sagnac干涉仪型光纤扭转传感器.顺时针扭转时, 传感器传输谱向短波长方向偏移;逆时针扭转,向长波长方向偏移. 对传感器扭转特性的实验研究结果表明,构成Sagnac干涉仪的侧漏型光子晶体光纤的长度, 对扭转敏感系数和扭转角度测量范围起着决定性作用.当光纤长度较短时, 扭转传感器具有较大的扭转灵敏度,但扭转角度测量范围较小;光纤长度增加时,扭转灵敏度减小, 扭转角度测量范围增大.当构成Sagnac干涉仪的侧漏型光子晶体光纤长度为14.85 cm时, 传感器的扭转敏感系数可达到0.9354 nm/(°),扭转角度测量范围为-90°—90°; 光纤长度为32 cm时,最大扭转敏感系数降为0.2132 nm/(°), 扭转角度测量范围扩展至-180°—180°. 采用二维测量矩阵法可以有效排除温度对扭转角度的测量的影响. 关键词： 光纤传感器 侧漏型光子晶体光纤 扭转传感器 Sagnac干涉仪     

基于CCD传感的激光粒度测试技术研究

颗粒测试在工业生产和科学研究中涉及的领域非常广泛,常用的颗粒粒度及其分布的测试方法是激光粒度测试法,其具有测试精度高、测量速度快、重复性好和可测粒径范围宽等突出优点。CCD传感器有灵敏度高、分辨率高、噪声小和较大的动态范围等优点,其作为激光粒度仪的探测器提高光强分辨率的应用已经很普遍了。为提高测量精度,通过对CCD传感技术的研究,应用图像处理的方法来设计光电探测器,搭建了基于米氏散射原理的激光粒度测试系统。实验结果表明,用CCD传感器采集光散射图像,再对图像进行处理,D50与D10误差在6%之内,D90误差在1%之内,降低了测量的重复误差。     

光纤干涉测距中光程定位的研究

提出一种由定位干涉仪和测量干涉仪组成的光纤干涉绝对距离测量方法;并用标准长度光纤实现光程倍增以增大测量范围;重点讨论了用脉冲电流调制的准单色光源实现光程定位的方法及其精度。通过理论分析和仿真实验,定位重复性误差优于±1μm。     

五维自由度衍射光栅精密测量系统（英文）

为了在保证结构简单的前提下,实现衍射光栅精密测量系统的大量程、高精度、多维度测量,设计了能够同时测量位移和角度的五维自由度衍射光栅精密测量系统。基于利特罗对称式光路结构,采用高刻线密度的一维衍射光栅以及外差干涉原理实现了沿光栅矢量方向和光栅法线方向的二维位移测量;通过引入高精度的位置灵敏探测器,结合±1级衍射光与光栅之间的角度变化关系实现了对光栅俯仰、偏摆和滚转三个维度的角度误差测量。实验结果表明:该衍射光栅精密测量系统能够实现分辨力优于4 nm的二维位移测量以及分辨力优于1″的三维角度测量,其位移测量范围只受限于光栅的尺寸,量程大大增加。该衍射光栅精密测量系统在精密测量领域有重要意义。     

4M-2000A高温超导电缆制冷系统

介绍了我国新研制成的首条双通道热绝缘型 4 M- 2 0 0 0 A高温超导电缆制冷系统。该系统由 G- M制冷机提供制冷量 ,过冷液氮为冷却介质 ,通过液氮泵循环 ,组成一个闭式循环制冷系统。给出了制冷系统的调试结果。系统上装有温度、压力、流量、液位等测量仪表 ,并备有一个减压抽空系统 ,以附加提供制冷量     

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography with sub-micrometer sensitivity for measurement of central corneal thickness

We demonstrated a method for measurement of central corneal thickness(CCT) with a sub-micrometer sensitivity using a spectral domain optical coherence tomography system without needing a super broad bandwidth light source. By combining the frequency and phase components of Fourier transform, the method is capable of measurement of a large dynamic range with a high sensitivity. Absolute phases are retrieved by comparing the correlations between the detected and simulated interference fringes. The phase unwrapping ability of the present method was quantitatively tested by measuring the displacement of a piezo linear stage. The human CCTs of six volunteers were measured to verify its clinical application. It provides a potential tool for clinical diagnosis and research applications in ophthalmology.