Ultra-wideband low radar cross-section metasurface and its application on waveguide slot antenna array

A novel approach devoted to achieving ultra-wideband radar cross section reduction(RCSR) of a waveguide slot antenna array(WGSAA) while maintaining its radiation performance is proposed. Three kinds of artificial magnetic conductors(AMCs) tiles consisting of three types of basic units resonant at different frequencies are designed and arranged in a novel quadruple-triangle-type configuration to create a composite planar metasurface. The proposed metasurface is characterized by low radar feature over an ultra-wideband based on the principle of phase cancellation. Both simulated and measured results demonstrate that after the composite metasurface is used to cover part of the antenna array, an ultrawideband RCSR involving in-band and out-of-band is achieved for co-and cross-polarized incident waves based on energy cancellation, while the radiation performance is well retained. The proposed method is simple, low-cost, and easy-tofabricate, providing a new method for ultra-wideband RCSR of an antenna array. Moreover, the method proposed in this paper can easily be applied to other antenna architectures.     

TEM喇叭天线低频辐射分析与天线设计

在超宽带TEM喇叭天线的设计中, 如何改善天线的低频性能是目前研究的关键问题。通过分析天线的阻抗渐变特性与时域辐射特性, 设计了一种新型TEM喇叭天线, 解决了天线末端反射的问题, 提高了天线低频性能。与传统的TEM喇叭天线相比, 新型TEM喇叭天线在全频段减小了方向图后瓣, 提高了低频时天线辐射主轴增益, 拓展了低频带宽。验证实验表明, 该天线带宽为160 MHz~2.5GHz, 180 MHz主轴增益2.3dB, 全频段方向图后瓣小于-2dB, 尺寸为48.5cm×38.1cm×35cm, 同时兼顾了天线的小型化与低频带宽。     

同轴线直馈的T2模四臂螺旋全向圆极化天线

基于T2模四臂螺旋,提出一种新型的全向圆极化天线。T2模全向圆极化天线无需采用复杂的馈电网络,而采用同轴线直接馈电,即同轴电缆的内、外导体依次交替馈电至天线的四个螺旋臂,巧妙实现了T2模四臂螺旋的馈电相位要求(0°-180°-0°-180°);为了提高天线的辐射效率,螺旋线采用线宽捷变技术(即螺旋臂的前面部分窄、后面部分宽);为了保持天线的圆极化特性,螺旋线末端加载吸收导线。对天线进行了仿真和测试,两者结果吻合好,天线的实测增益为10.5dBi、轴比为1.3dB,水平圆度为2.3dB。     

2.4/4.8/7.2 GHz三频段谐波雷达天线的研究与设计

研究设计了一种应用于手持式谐波雷达的三频段单极子天线。天线采用共面波导馈电,通过在单极子天线主辐射体加载L型辐射枝节、在接近主辐射体的接地平面开三角形切口的方法,使其谐振于2.4 GHz,4.8 GHz和7.2 GHz三个频段。同时,在距离天线10 mm处加载金属挡板,使天线辐射方向性增强,并能接收多个方向反射的电磁波。所实现的天线尺寸为54 mm×53 mm×1.6 mm,在三个工作频段上的带宽分别为0.51 GHz(2.35～2.86),1.39 GHz(4.17～5.56),1.46 GHz(6.17～7.63),能够有效覆盖谐波雷达全部的工作频段;由天线的峰值增益和辐射方向图可知,天线在工作频段内增益性能和整体辐射性能良好。     

A low-cost invasive microwave ablation antenna with a directional heating pattern

Microwave ablation (MWA) is a cancer treatment method. The tumor tissue absorbs electromagnetic energy, which heats and kills it. A microwave ablation antenna plays a critical role in this process. Its radiation field must completely cover the tumor but not the healthy tissue. At present, the radiation pattern of most invasive ablation antennas is spherical. However, in the clinic, the shape of some tumors may be asymmetrical or the antenna cannot be inserted into the center of the tumor for some other reason. In order to solve these problems, a directional heating antenna for microwave ablation is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna, operating at 2.45 GHz, consists of a monopole and a reflector. The feed is given by a substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) and coplanar waveguide (CPW). The omnidirectional radiation field of the monopole is reflected by a reflector that is extended from the outer conductors of the SICL to form a directional radiation field. The impedance matching network is designed on SICL to match the antenna to 50 Ω . The antenna is fabricated using a mature printed circuit board (PCB). The reflection coefficient of the antenna in porcine liver tissue measured by a vector network analyzer shows good agreement with the simulations. Then, an ablation experiment in porcine liver is conducted with power of 10 W for 10 min, and the experimental results confirm the validity of the design.     

Classical properties of low-dimensional conductors: giant capacitance and non-ohmic potential drop

The electrical field arising around an inhomogeneous conductor when an electrical current passes through it is not screened, as distinct from 3D conductors, in low-dimensional conductors. As a result, the electrical field depends on the global distribution of the conductivity sigma(x) rather than on the local value of it, inhomogeneities of sigma(x) produce giant capacitances C(omega) that show frequency dependence at relatively low omega, and electrical fields develop in vast regions around the inhomogeneities of sigma(x). A theory of these phenomena is presented for 2D conductors.     

一种基于5—20 kHz交流激励的U形等离子体天线

以5—20 kHz交流电源作为等离子天线激励源, 建立了一款U形等离子体天线. 在详细阐述天线结构的同时并对其部分电特性进行了测量.结果发现, 在50—300 MHz频率范围内, 同工频交流与直流电源激励相比, 该天线的噪声电平非常低, 与相同构造的金属天线的噪声电平相接近.同时, 该等离子体天线具有很好的阻抗带宽特性, 且在较宽频带范围内也表现出了良好的增益特性.     

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采用三支节液态调配器使离子回旋加热(ICRH)天线系统达到阻抗匹配,在阻抗匹配的条件下结合频率调制技术来减小由天线输入阻抗变化所引起的反射功率。数值模拟了频率调制前后天线负载与反射系数的变化关系,用来验证频率调制对ICRH天线中阻抗匹配装置的影响。模拟结果表明:三支节液态调配器结合频率调制方法,能更好地降低天线传输系统的反射系数,使得发射机的功率通过天线辐射更加有效地耦合到等离子体中去。     

频率调制对ICRH 天线阻抗匹配的影响研究

采用三支节液态调配器使离子回旋加热(ICRH)天线系统达到阻抗匹配,在阻抗匹配的条件下结合频率调制技术来减小由天线输入阻抗变化所引起的反射功率。数值模拟了频率调制前后天线负载与反射系数的变化关系,用来验证频率调制对ICRH 天线中阻抗匹配装置的影响。模拟结果表明：三支节液态调配器结合频率调制方法,能更好地降低天线传输系统的反射系数,使得发射机的功率通过天线辐射更加有效地耦合到等离子体中去。     

Radiation properties of microstrip patch antenna covered with an anisotropic dielectric layer and a plasma sheath

By using SO-FDTD method, radiation properties of microstrip patch antenna covered with an anisotropic dielectric layer and a plasma layer are investigated. Simulation results show that the resonant frequency of antenna covered with a plasma layer varies with different plasma parameters. It has been indicated that the frequency offset of antenna is as high as 120 MHz when plasma frequency changes from 1 GHz to 8 GHz. The effect on antenna covered with an anisotropic dielectric layer is analyzed, while altering the dielectric constant or thickness of dielectric layer. Finally, the peak gain of antenna in complex plasma environment is presented in detail.     

A Gunn-Diode Active Leaky-Wave Frequency Scanning Antenna

A frequency tunable active leaky-wave scanning antenna using Gunn-diode voltage control oscillator (VCO) as source is developed. The frequency tuning controlled by changing either the varactor diode dc bias or the Gunn diode dc bias is demonstrated. The measured scanning angle of active antenna is close to 15 degree as the Gunn VCO frequency tuned from 12.58GHz to 12.98GHz. To excite the first higher order mode of the microstrip leaky-wave antenna is fed asymmetrically. The dominant mode excitation has been successfully suppressed by adding a sequence of covered wire in the middle line of the microstrip leaky wave antenna. This is a prototype of frequency scanning antenna using two terminal device, which can be easily scaled up to millimeter wave frequency region.     

Numerical Simulation of Plasma Antenna with FDTD Method

We adopt cylindrical-coordinate FDTD algorithm to simulate and analyse a 0.4-m-long column configuration plasma antenna. FDTD method is useful for solving electromagnetic problems, especially when wave characteristics and plasma properties are self-consistently related to each other. Focus on the frequency from 75 MHz to 400 MHz, the input impedance and radiation efficiency of plasma antennas are computed. Numerical results show that, different from copper antenna, the chaxacteristics of plasma antenna vary simultaneously with plasma frequency and collision frequency. The property can be used to construct dynamically reconfigurable antenna. The investigation is meaningful and instructional for the optimization of plasma antenna design.     

天线阻抗特性对开关振荡器输出脉冲的影响

以单锥天线和螺旋天线作为开关振荡器辐射天线为例,采用等效电路模型和商业电磁仿真软件,分别对天线末端电压振荡信号和辐射电场脉冲进行了研究。研究结果表明:采用行波天线或者电长度与振荡器一致的振子天线作为辐射天线,都能够产生中心频率与振荡器本征频率一致的电磁脉冲信号;但采用振子天线时,振荡信号持续时间较短(Q值较低),频谱上能量较分散,带宽较宽,而采用行波天线则脉冲持续时间较长(Q值较高),频谱上能量较集中,带宽较窄。     

电-磁振子组合型超宽带天线数值分析

 采用CST MICROWAVE STUDIO电磁场数值计算软件,对电-磁振子组合型超宽带（UWB）天线结构参数与天线性能之间的物理关系进行了分析。电磁组合型天线的物理结构包括三部分：天线的馈电系统、TEM喇叭辐射单元和电流环辐射单元。激励源采用高斯脉冲，边界为6层理想吸收边界（PML6）。仿真结果表明：组合天线的外导体屏蔽和电流环分别改善了不同频带内的端口参数；当电流环周长(105 cm)约等于天线尺寸(50 cm)的2倍时，天线的反射能量较小，端口参数曲线平坦；天线的物理尺寸决定其辐射带宽，尺寸越大，低频辐射特性越好。     

光电导天线辐射阻抗特性模拟分析(英文)

针对连续太赫兹光电导天线辐射功率较低的缺点,利用有限积分方法对三种常用的光电导天线,包括偶极天线、蝶形天线和螺旋天线,进行数值模拟并分析比较其辐射阻抗特性.仿真结果表明,偶极天线的辐射阻抗与偶极长度、宽度、电极间隙以及传输线宽度有关,且在其谐振频率存在峰值阻抗,适用于特定频率的太赫兹波辐射.蝶形天线和螺旋天线在所研究的太赫兹波段具有近似稳定的辐射阻抗,广泛应用于宽带领域.对带有交叉电极的电极间隙进行计算,结果表明由交叉电极引入的附加电容降低了天线的高频阻抗.     

Self-Oscillations of a Conductor in a High-Frequency Magnetic Field

Two oscillatory systems representing nonferromagnetic conductors interacting with a high-frequency inhomogoneous magnetic field are examined. It is shown that there is a frequency range in which self-oscillations are excited.     

Ku/K波段双频涡旋电磁阵列天线设计

涡旋电磁波具有携带轨道角动量的特性,利用这一特性,采用涡旋电磁波作为信号的载体,可以实现同一时间、同一频段的多路信号传输,极大地提高系统容量和频带利用率。以同轴馈电的半圆型开槽微带天线为单元,设计出了一种能工作在Ku波段和K波段的涡旋电磁阵列天线。使用三维电磁场仿真软件建模并且优化参数,最终得到在中心频率分别为17.1 GHz和19.7 GHz时,阵列天线产生的电磁波携带有轨道角动量。结论表明:该阵列天线能够产生双频涡旋电磁波。     

Electrical characteristics of the waveguide grating system

Electromagnetic wave propagation is conside-red through a waveguide system consisting of arbitrary number of short-period gratings (i.e. whose period is much shorter than the wave-length). We assume that gratings are formed by ideal conductors having arbitrary cross-section. In order to "stitch" together the fields on gratings, equivalent boundary conditions are used.We have analyzed and studied experimentally the electrical characteristics of an adjustable frequency filter. The filter consists of three short-period gratings formed by conductors with circular cross-section.Experimental results are in good agreement with theory.     

Shielding efficiency of conductive clothing in magnetic field

Nowadays the different live-line maintenance methods are one of the most common working techniques to maintain, repair or check high voltage power lines. Shielding of extra low frequency (ELF) electric fields is relatively easy: the conductive clothing worn by the workers act as a Faraday-cage. During live-line maintenance workers are near the conductors, or often on them. On high voltage power lines high currents flows as well, which results relevant magnetic fields around the conductors. The worker in these fields is especially endangered by the unknown effects of these fields.