Terahertz wave switch based on photonic crystal ring resonators

In this paper, we have presented a compact and integrated terahertz wave switch design based on photonic crystal ring resonators. The photonic crystal structure with square lattice is investigated and applied for design of ring resonators. The switching mechanism of this novel switch is based on the variation of the resonant frequency of the ring resonator inserted between two parallel waveguides. The refractive index of the holes of the structure filled with polyaniline electrorheological fluids are varied by applied external electric field, the result of which is the variation of the ring resonant frequency. The proposed device is analyzed by using finite difference time domain method. Numerical simulation results show that this switch has high extinction ratio, small size, low voltage and advantages of selectivity of coupling THz wave to different output ports.     

Ultracompact and dynamically tunable plasmonic THz switch based on graphene microcavity metamaterial

Optical Review - We propose and discuss a compact and tunable plasmonic terahertz (THz) metamaterial switch based on graphene microcavity. Due to the joint effect of graphene plasmon resonances and...     

Diffraction properties of binary graphene sheet arrays

We theoretically and numerically investigate the diffraction properties of surface plasmon polariton(SPP) in binary graphene sheet arrays. The single SPP band splits into two minibands by alternatively arranging the graphene waveguides with two different chemical potentials. Numerical simulations show that SPP beams in the array split into two different paths due to the different diffraction relation.     

Graphene-based nano-patch antenna for terahertz radiation

The scattering of terahertz radiation on a graphene-based nano-patch antenna is numerically analyzed. The extinction cross section of the nano-antenna supported by silicon and silicon dioxide substrates of different thickness are calculated. Scattering resonances in the terahertz band are identified as Fabry–Perot resonances of surface plasmon polaritons supported by the graphene film. A strong tunability of the antenna resonances via electrostatic bias is numerically demonstrated, opening perspectives to design tunable graphene-based nano-antennas. These antennas are envisaged to enable wireless communications at the nanoscale.     

基于石墨烯的太赫兹波散射可调谐超表面

设计了一个可调谐的太赫兹超表面,由在随机反射超表面基底中嵌入可偏置的双层石墨烯构成,可以实现对太赫兹波散射特性的动态调控.全波仿真试验结果证实了所预期的超表面散射可调性能.通过增大偏置电压提升石墨烯的费米能级,使得该超表面的太赫兹波散射样式从漫反射逐渐向镜面反射过渡,从而实现散射特性的连续调控,且该超表面具有对电磁波极化角度不敏感的特点.这些特性使得该超表面能很好地融合到变化的环境中,在太赫兹隐身方面具有潜在的应用价值.     

Optical response of tunable terahertz plasmon in a grating-gated graphene transistor

Tunable terahertz plasmon in a graphene-based device with a grating serving as a top gate is studied. Transmission spectra exhibit a distinct peak in the terahertz region when the terahertz electric field is perpendicular to the grating fingers.Our results show that the extinction in the transmission of single-layer graphene shields beyond 80%. Electronic results further show that the graphene plasmon can be weakly adjusted by tuning the gate voltage. Theoretical calculation also implies that the plasmon frequency of graphene can fall into the terahertz region of 1–2 THz by improving the sustaining ability and capacitance of the top gate.     

等离激元增强的石墨烯光吸收

石墨烯中等离激元具有特殊的光电性质,其和入射光的强烈耦合可以引起光吸收的增强.本文基于时域有限差分法和多体自洽场理论研究了等离激元对处于光学谐振腔中的石墨烯光吸收的影响.由于石墨烯中等离激元与入射光动量和能量不匹配而不能直接相互作用,因此石墨烯上施加了金属光栅结构.研究发现光栅结构能够对入射光进行动量补偿并且能够引起其下石墨烯中的电场强度产生很大程度增强,从而导致在该石墨烯结构中太赫兹等离激元和入射光发生强烈耦合而产生太赫兹等离极化激元,同时引起石墨烯光吸收的增强.希望本文能够加深对石墨烯光电特性的理解以及可以为基于石墨烯的太赫兹光电装置提供一定的理论依据.     

Surface sensitivity of straight long-range surface plasmon waveguides for attenuation-based biosensing

The sensing performance of straight long-range surface plasmon waveguides consisting of a thin gold stripe embedded in Cytop is explored theoretically as a function of the metal stripe cross-sectional dimensions and the length of the sensing channel, and as a function of the sensing medium refractive index. The surface sensitivity and detection limit of such waveguides for attenuation-based biosensing are assessed. We find that changes in coupling efficiency between the sensing waveguide and the access waveguides, and changes in attenuation constant, due to adlayer formation, can contribute additively to the sensing performance. We observed a trade-off between the insertion loss and the change in insertion loss occurring during sensing. Optimum designs leading to compact, sensitive, and cost-effective biosensors are reported.     

How to distinguish between specular and retroconfigurations for Andreev reflection in graphene rings

We numerically investigate Andreev reflection in a graphene ring with one normal conducting and one superconducting lead by solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation within the Landauer-Büttiker formalism. By tuning chemical potential and bias voltage, it is possible to switch between regimes where electron and hole originate from the same band (retroconfiguration) or from different bands (specular configuration) of the graphene dispersion, respectively. We find that the dominant contributions to the Aharonov-Bohm conductance oscillations in the subgap transport are of period h/2e in retroconfiguration and of period h/e in specular configuration, confirming the predictions obtained from a qualitative analysis of interfering scattering paths. Because of the robustness against disorder and moderate changes to the system, this provides a clear signature to distinguish both types of Andreev reflection processes in graphene.     

Novel optical controllable terahertz wave switch

We study theoretically and demonstrate experimentally light controllable terahertz wave switch. When the modulated optical excitation source is used to irradiate a high resistivity silicon wafer, a novel controllable terahertz wave switch is achieved. The results show that the ON-OFF response time is less than 150 ms and the attenuation of the novel terahertz wave switch is more than 20 dB at frequency of 0.315 THz.     

光栅-液晶复合结构太赫兹移相器

随着太赫兹技术及其应用的快速发展,各类太赫兹控制器件需求也随之增加,作为太赫兹系统重要器件之一,太赫兹波移相器成为当前研究热点。已有移相器存在着尺寸较大、结构复杂、相移量较小等问题,为克服上述缺陷,提出一种光栅-液晶复合结构太赫兹移相器,该器件结构为石英、石墨烯、液晶盒、光栅结构、石墨烯和石英组成。通过改变石墨烯电极上电压,使液晶折射率发生改变,相移器的相位因折射率改变而发生变化,通过控制外加电压可以实现对太赫兹波相移量有效调控。计算结果表明,该移相器在0.39~0.46 THz频率范围内实现了400°相移量,回波损耗小于-11 dB,在频率0.43 THz处,最大相移量达到422°。太赫兹波入射角在0°~30°范围内变化,移相器的相移量保持不变,而且该器件对入射太赫兹波偏振态不敏感。所设计的太赫兹移相器具有相移量大、结构尺寸小等优点,在未来的太赫兹通信、安检、医疗、传感、成像等领域中具有广阔的应用前景。     

Thermal radiation control in the terahertz region using the spoof surface plasmon mode

In this Letter, the enhancement of thermal radiation in the terahertz region is presented theoretically by using the spoof surface plasmon mode on the microcavity array. We found that the terahertz wave is radiated selectively in a vertical direction. As a result, a quasi-monochromatic terahertz source can be created.     

Tailoring terahertz near-field enhancement via two-dimensional plasmons

We suggest a novel possibility for electrically tunable terahertz near-field enhancement in flatland electronic materials supporting two-dimensional plasmons, including recently discovered graphene. We employ electric-field effect modulation of electron density in such materials and induce a periodic plasmonic lattice with a defect cavity. We demonstrate that the plasmons resonantly excited in such a periodic plasmonic lattice by an incident terahertz radiation can strongly pump the cavity plasmon modes leading to a deep subwavelength concentration of terahertz energy, beyond λ/1000, with giant electric-field enhancement factors up to 10(4), which is 2 orders of magnitude higher than achieved previously in metal-based terahertz field concentrators.     

Plasmon-induced terahertz absorption and photoconductivity in a grid-gated double-quantum-well structure

The terahertz absorption spectra of plasmon modes in a grid-gated double-quantum-well field-effect transistor structure is analyzed theoretically and numerically using the scattering matrix approach and is shown to faithfully reproduce strong resonant features of recent experimental observations of terahertz photo-conductivity in such a structure.     

Broadband Terahertz Wave Generation from Monolayer Graphene Driven by Few-Cycle Laser Pulse

We theoretically investigate the characteristics of terahertz(THz) radiation from monolayer graphene exposed to normal incident few-cycle laser pulses, by numerically solving the extended semiconductor Bloch equations. Our simulations show that the THz spectra in low frequency regions are highly dependent on the carrier envelope phase(CEP) of driving laser pulses. Using an optimal CEP of few-cycle laser pulses, we can obtain broadband strong THz waves, due to the symmetry breaking of the laser-graphene system. Our results also show that the strength of the THz spectra depend on both the intensity and central wavelength of the laser pulses. The intensity dependence of the THz wave can be described by the excitation rate of graphene, while wavelength dependence can be traced back to the band velocity and the population of graphene. We find that a near single-cycle THz pulse can be obtained from graphene driven by a mid-infrared laser pulse.     

Scattering of Circularly Polarized Terahertz Waves on a Graphene Nanoantenna

We present a surface current method to model the graphene rectangular nanoantenna scattering in the terahertz band with Comsol.Compared with the equivalent thin slab method,the results obtained by the surface current method are more accurate and efficient.Then the electromagnetic scattering of circularly polarized terahertz waves on graphene nanoantennas is numerically analyzed by utilizing the surface current method.The dependences of the antenna resonant frequency with the circularly polarized wave on width and length are consistent with those for the linear polarized waves.These results are proved to be useful to design efficient nanoantennas in terahertz wireless communications.     

时变磁化等离子体的LTJEC-FDTD方法研究

基于拉普拉斯变换的电流密度卷积技术（LTJEC）,构造了时变磁化等离子体的新型时域有限差分方法（LTJEC-FDTD）。借助于高斯脉冲在磁化等离子体中的传播实例,验证了LTJEC-FDTD算法的准确性及高效性。进一步,研究了Whistler波在一维时变磁化等离子体中的具体传播特性。结果表明,当离子体频率随时间指数衰减后,输出波的频率上升、极化方式不变,而电场增强、磁场减弱。同时,通过优化磁化等离子体参数,可进一步提高Whistler波的输出频率,获得了频率为300 GHz的圆极化太赫兹波。研究结果可为利用磁化等离子体产生太赫兹波源提供相关的技术支持。     

Toward an electrically pumped spaser

The use of surface plasmon polariton (SPP)-based waveguides can significantly reduce the size of optical interconnects, but the propagation length of SPPs is limited by Joule heating losses and does not exceed a few micrometers. In this paper, we present an SPP amplification scheme that utilizes compact electrical pumping and gives a possibility for designing really compact on-chip waveguides. Moreover, we demonstrate here numerically that this approach can be easily used to design an electrically pumped cw or pulsed spaser.     

A terahertz molecular switch

We present time-dependent results describing the current through a molecular device, modeled as a complex with two active centers connected to leads under bias. We show that, at a properly adjusted external voltage, a passing terahertz electromagnetic pulse may cause a transition between states of finite and negligible current, suggesting that the system might be useful as a nanoscopic switch in the terahertz range. A phase diagram defining the bias region in which the transition takes place within a short time is given. As described, the physical processes involved are of an entirely different nature than those in ordinary photodetectors.     

具有分离门的电抽运多层石墨烯负动态电导率的理论研究

本文提出了具有分离门的电抽运多层石墨烯结构, 建立了电诱导n-i-p结的理论模型, 计算了集居数反转的条件下与带内和带间跃迁相关的动态电导率, 讨论了偏置电压、门电压、石墨烯层数以及动量弛豫时间对动态电导率的影响. 结果表明, 在一定条件下, 动态电导率的实部在太赫兹范围内可以是负的, 即带间辐射大于带内吸收, 论证了电抽运多层石墨烯结构作为产生太赫兹相干光源的激活物质的可行性.