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1.
The sensor virus is a serious threat,as an attacker can simply send a single packet to compromise the entire sensor network.Epidemics become drastic with link additions among sensors when the small world phenomena occur.Two immunization strategies,uniform immunization and temporary immunization,are conducted on small worlds of tree-based wireless sensor networks to combat the sensor viruses.With the former strategy,the infection extends exponentially,although the immunization effectively reduces the contagion speed.With the latter strategy,recurrent contagion oscillations occur in the small world when the spatial-temporal dynamics of the epidemic are considered.The oscillations come from the small-world structure and the temporary immunization.Mathematical analyses on the small world of the Cayley tree are presented to reveal the epidemic dynamics with the two immunization strategies. 相似文献
2.
In this paper a new model for the spread of sexually transmitteddiseases (STDs) is presented. The dynamic behaviors of the model ona heterogenous scale-free (SF) network are considered, where theabsence of a threshold on the SF network is demonstrated, and thestability of the disease-free equilibrium is obtained. Threeimmunization strategies, uniform immunization, proportionalimmunization and targeted immunization, are applied in this model.Analytical and simulated results are given to show that theproportional immunization strategy in the model is effective on SFnetworks. 相似文献
3.
考虑网络交通流量对病毒传播行为的影响,基于平均场理论研究无标度网络上的病毒免疫策略,提出一种改进的熟人免疫机理.理论分析表明,在考虑网络交通流量影响的情况下,当免疫节点密度较小时,随机免疫几乎不能降低病毒的传播速率,而对网络实施目标免疫则能够有效抑制病毒的传播,并且选择度最大的节点进行免疫与选择介数最大的节点进行免疫的效果基本相同.研究还发现,对于网络全局信息未知的情况,与经典熟人免疫策略相比,所提出的免疫策略能够获得更好的免疫效果.通过数值仿真对理论分析进行了验证.关键词:无标度网络病毒传播交通流量免疫策略 相似文献
4.
Among many epidemic models,one epidemic disease may transmit with the existence of other pathogens or other strains from the same pathogen. In this paper,we consider the case where all of the strains obey the susceptible-infected-susceptible mechanism and compete with each other at the expense of common susceptible individuals. By using the heterogenous mean-field approach,we discuss the epidemic threshold for one of two strains. We confirm the existence of epidemic threshold in both finite and infinite populations subject to underlying epidemic transmission. Simulations in the Barabasi-Albert (BA) scale-free networks are in good agreement with the analytical results. 相似文献
5.
We propose a modified susceptible-infected-refractory-susceptible (SIRS) model to investigate the global oscillations of the epidemic spreading inWatts-Strogatz (WS) small-world networks. It is found that when an individual immunity does not change or decays slowly in an immune period, the system can exhibit complex transition from an infecting stationary state to a large amplitude sustained oscillation or an absorbing state with no infection. When the immunity decays rapidly in the immune period, the transition to the global oscillation disappears and there is no oscillation. Furthermore, based on thespatio-temporal evolution patterns and the phase diagram, it is disclosed that a long immunity period takes an important role in the emergence of the global oscillation in small-world networks. 相似文献
6.
In this paper, we investigate numerically the Susceptible–Infected–Recovered–Susceptible (SIRS) epidemic model on an exponential network generated by a preferential attachment procedure. The discrete SIRS model considers two main parameters: the duration τ0 of the complete infection–recovery cycle and the duration τI of infection. A permanent source of infection I0 has also been introduced in order to avoid the vanishing of the disease in the SIRS model. The fraction of infected agents is found to oscillate with a period T≥τ0. Simulations reveal that the average fraction of infected agents depends on I0 and τI/τ0. A maximum of synchronization of infected agents, i.e. a maximum amplitude of periodic spreading oscillations, is found to occur when the ratio τI/τ0 is slightly smaller than 1/2. The model is in agreement with the general observation that an outbreak corresponds to high τI/τ0 values. 相似文献
7.
本文探讨了非线性方程x+y=xyz的正整数解,月个正整数的最大公因数和最小公倍数的关系。将结果应用在方程gcd(α1,α2,…,αn)+1cm(α1,α2,…,αn)=α1,α2,…,αn的求解问题上。 相似文献
8.
We show the properties and characterization of coherence witnesses. We show methods for constructing coherence witnesses for an arbitrary coherent state. We investigate the problem of finding common coherence witnesses for certain class of states. We show that finitely many different witnesses can detect some common coherent states if and only if is still a witnesses for any nonnegative numbers . We show coherent states play the role of high-level witnesses. Thus, the common state problem is changed into the question of when different high-level witnesses (coherent states) can detect the same coherence witnesses. Moreover, we show a coherent state and its robust state have no common coherence witness and give a general way to construct optimal coherence witnesses for any comparable states. 相似文献
9.
Thomas House 《Contemporary Physics》2013,54(3):213-225
Infectious disease remains, despite centuries of work to control and mitigate its effects, a major problem facing humanity. This paper reviews the mathematical modelling of infectious disease epidemics on networks, starting from the simplest Erdös–Rényi random graphs, and building up structure in the form of correlations, heterogeneity and preference, paying particular attention to the links between random graph theory, percolation and dynamical systems representing transmission. Finally, the problems posed by networks with a large number of short closed loops are discussed. 相似文献
10.
We study the effect of incubation period on epidemic spreading inthe Barabasi--Albert scale-free network and the Watts--Strogatzsmall world network by using aSuspectable-Incubated-Infected-Suspectable model. Our analyticalinvestigations show that the epidemic threshold is independent ofincubation period in both networks, which is verified by ourlarge-scale simulation results. We also investigate the effect ofincubation period on the epidemic dynamics in a supercriticalregime. It is found that with the increase of incubation periodΩ , a damped oscillation evolution of ρT(theratio of persons in incubated state) appears and the time needed toreach a saturation value increases. Moreover, the steady value ofρT increases and approaches to an asymptotic constant withthe value of {itOmega} increasing. As a result, the infectedratio ρI decreases with the increase of Ωaccording to a power law. 相似文献
11.
网络谣言传播是网络传播动力学的重要课题之一. 网络谣言传播常常同时混杂谣言感染和谣言清除两个过程, 对这一现象的分析可以帮助我们更好地认识社会网络中的信息传播. 本文在susceptible-infective-refractory谣言传播模型的基础上增加谣言清除者, 定义了谣言感染和谣言清除的规则, 提出SIERsEs谣言传播模型, 建立了模型的平均场方程, 从理论上分析了谣言传播的稳态, 并求解出谣言传播的感染阈值和清除阈值. 仿真计算分析了感染和清除过程同时作用时, 感染率、清除率和网络平均度对谣言传播的影响. 研究发现, 网络平均度过小或过大, 谣言传播稳定后的影响力都将处于低水平. 分析了目标免疫和熟人免疫等传统免疫策略的不足, 针对网络环境下谣言抑制的特点, 提出主动免疫和被动免疫两种网络谣言免疫策略, 并研究了传播者遗忘率、清除者遗忘率和开始免疫时间参数对这两种谣言免疫策略有效性的影响. 需要重视的是: 研究发现一些直观看来有效的谣言抑制措施反而可能提高谣言的影响力. 研究结果有助于深化对于网络传播动力学的理解, 同时为发展有效的网络谣言抑制策略提供新的思路. 相似文献
12.
It is well-known that the law of total probability does not generally hold in quantum theory. However, recent arguments on some of the fundamental assumptions in quantum theory based on the extended Wigner’s friend scenario show a need to clarify how the law of total probability should be formulated in quantum theory and under what conditions it still holds. In this work, the definition of conditional probability in quantum theory is extended to POVM measurements. A rule to assign two-time conditional probability is proposed for incompatible POVM operators, which leads to a more general and precise formulation of the law of total probability. Sufficient conditions under which the law of total probability holds are identified. Applying the theory developed here to analyze several quantum no-go theorems related to the extended Wigner’s friend scenario reveals logical loopholes in these no-go theorems. The loopholes exist as a consequence of taking for granted the validity of the law of total probability without verifying the sufficient conditions. Consequently, the contradictions in these no-go theorems only reconfirm the invalidity of the law of total probability in quantum theory rather than invalidating the physical statements that the no-go theorems attempt to refute. 相似文献
13.
Xian-Li Sun 《中国物理 B》2022,31(5):50202-050202
In real life, the rumor propagation is influenced by many factors. The complexity and uncertainty of human psychology make the diffusion model more challenging to depict. In order to establish a comprehensive propagation model, in this paper, we take some psychological factors into consideration to mirror rumor propagation. Firstly, we use the Ridenour model to combine the trust mechanism with the correlation mechanism and propose a modified rumor propagation model. Secondly, the mean-field equations which describe the dynamics of the modified SIR model on homogenous and heterogeneous networks are derived. Thirdly, a steady-state analysis is conducted for the spreading threshold and the final rumor size. Fourthly, we investigate rumor immunization strategies and obtain immunization thresholds. Next, simulations on different networks are carried out to verify the theoretical results and the effectiveness of the immunization strategies. The results indicate that the utilization of trust and correlation mechanisms leads to a larger final rumor size and a smaller terminal time. Moreover, different immunization strategies have disparate effectiveness in rumor propagation. 相似文献
14.
复杂网络控制反映了人类对复杂系统的认识深度和改造能力. 最新研究成果基于线性系统控制理论建立了复杂网络可控性的理论架构, 能够发现任意拓扑结构的线性时不变复杂网络中控制全部节点状态的最小驱动节点集, 但是该模型未考虑免疫节点或失效节点对控制信号传播的阻断.在继承该模型优点的前提下, 重新构建了基于传播免疫的复杂网络控制模型.在采用分属于随机免疫和目标免疫两种策略的 4个方法确定免疫节点的情况下,分析14个真实网络的可控性.结果表明:如果将网络中度数、 介数和紧密度指标较高的节点作为免疫节点,将极大地提高控制复杂网络的难度. 从而在一定程度上丰富了以往模型的结论. 相似文献
15.
YU Xiao-Ling WU Xiao ZHANG Duan-Ming LI Zhi-Hao LIANG Fang WANG Xiao-Yu 《理论物理通讯》2008,49(5):1357-1360
We have studied the topology and epidemic spreading behaviors on the networks in which deactivation mechanism and long-rang connection are coexisted. By means of numerical simulation, we find that the clustering coefficient C and the Pearson correlation coefficient r decrease with increasing long-range connection μ and the topological state of the network changes into that of BA model at the end (when μ = 1). For the Susceptible-Infect-Susceptible model of epidemics, the epidemic threshold can reach maximum value at μ = 0.4 and presents two different variable states around μ= 0.4. 相似文献
16.
文章介绍了运用时域统计分析进行疾病传播动力学研究所得到的新结果.在给定某一类疾病的潜伏期和活动期的时域统计分布参数后,该疾病在具有一定感染几率的封闭系统中的传播动力学过程即可通过求解概率微分积分方程来决定.计算结果表明,在经过长时间传播后,该系统的最终被感染率由指数决定,如果τ2>3,则该系统的最终被感染率可达到100%,因此τ2又称为疾病传播的危险指数.而在疾病传播的初期,新发病例所出现的振荡和间歇行为则由另一个指数τ1决定.这一理论较好地弥补了以往常用的SIR模型对时域统计考虑不足的缺陷,从而对疾病在封闭系统中的传播动力学过程给出理论预测. 相似文献
17.
The Internet presents a complex topological structure, on which computer viruses can easily spread. By using theoretical analysis and computer simulation methods, the dynamic process of disease spreading on finite size networks with complex topological structure is investigated. On the finite size networks, the spreading process of SIS (susceptibleinfected-susceptible) model is a finite Markov chain with an absorbing state. Two parameters, the survival probability and the conditional infecting probability, are introduced to describe the dynamic properties of disease spreading on finite size networks. Our results can help understanding computer virus epidemics and other spreading phenomena on communication and social networks. Also, knowledge about the dynamic character of virus spreading is helpful for adopting immunity policy. 相似文献
18.
Howard E. Brandt 《Foundations of Physics Letters》2002,15(3):287-292
In honor of the centennial of Eugene Wigner’s birth, a possible interpretation is given of the density matrix appearing in
his classic paper, “Remarks on the mind-body question.” It is argued that nearinstantaneous vanishing of the quantum coherences
of the reduced density matrix of the measured object would occur either in the case of Wigner’s friend, or in the case of
any complex measuring automaton (conscious or not) making the measurement. 相似文献
19.
大量研究表明分形尺度特性广泛存在于真实复杂系统中, 且分形结构显著影响网络上的传播动力学行为. 虽然复杂网络的节点传播影响力吸引了越来越多学者的关注, 但依旧缺乏针对分形网络结构的节点影响力的系统研究. 鉴于此, 本文基于花簇分形网络模型, 研究了分形无标度结构上的节点传播影响力. 首先, 对比了不同分形维数下的节点影响力, 结果表明, 当分形维数很小时, 节点影响力的区分度几乎不随节点度变化, 很难区分不同节点的传播影响力, 而随着分形维数的增大, 从全局和局域角度都能很容易识别网络中的超级传播源. 其次, 通过对原分形网络进行不同程度的随机重连来分析网络噪声对节点影响力区分度的影响, 发现在低维分形网络上, 加入网络噪声之后能够容易区分不同节点的影响力, 而在无穷维超分形网络中, 加入网络噪声之后能够区分中间度节点的影响力, 但从全局和局域角度都很难识别中心节点的影响力. 所得结论进一步补充、深化了基于花簇分形网络的节点影响力研究, 研究结果对实际病毒传播的预警控制提供了一定的理论借鉴. 相似文献
20.
本文通过分析SEIRS类流行病,建立了该类疾病的二维概率细胞自动机模型。在二维中,每个细胞的状态代表易感者,潜伏者,患者,恢复者(或免疫者)和死亡者五个部分个体之一。我们研究了两种情况下,即对潜伏者和患者隔离与不隔离将对疾病转播的影响。经研究我们发现,如果不隔离疾病将持续流行,而及时的隔离则将会减缓疾病的流行。本模型给出了对具体疾病利用细胞自动进行仿真的算法。我们发现当恢复者的失去免疫力大于时,疾病潜伏者和患者的密度序列将在正平衡点附近振荡。最后,我们用计算机对模型进行了仿真。 相似文献