基于圆台结构的超宽带极化不敏感太赫兹吸收器

本文提出一种基于圆台形吸收单元的超宽带、极化不敏感的超材料太赫兹吸收器. 该超材料吸收器采用金属薄膜金和介质层二氧化硅交替叠加的多层结构. 采用商业软件CST Studio Suite 2009时域求解器计算了其在0–10 THz波段内的吸收率A（ω）,在2–10 THz之间实现了对入射太赫兹波的超宽频带强吸收. 仿真结果表明,由于其圆台形单元结构,在器件垂直方向上形成一系列不同尺寸的微型吸收器,产生了吸收频点相连的多频吸收峰. 利用不同吸收峰的耦合叠加效应,获得超过8 THz的超宽带太赫兹波吸收,吸收强度达到92.3%以上. 这一结构具有超宽带强吸收,360°极化不敏感以及易于加工等优越特性,因而在太赫兹波探测器、光谱成像以及隐身技术方面具有潜在的应用. 关键词： 太赫兹波 超材料吸收器 圆台结构 超宽带     

Actively tunable dual-broadband graphene-based terahertz metamaterial absorber

A tunable metamaterial absorber (MA) with dual-broadband and high absorption properties at terahertz (THz) frequencies is designed in this work. The MA consists of a periodic array of flower-like monolayer graphene patterns at top, a SiO₂ dielectric spacer in middle, and a gold ground plane at the bottom. The simulation results demonstrate that the designed MA has two wide absorption bands with an absorption of over 90% in frequency ranges of 0.68 THz-1.63 THz and 3.34 THz-4.08 THz, and the corresponding relative bandwidths reach 82.3% and 20%, respectively. The peak absorptivity of the absorber can be dynamically controlled from less than 10% to nearly 100% by adjusting the graphene chemical potential from 0 eV to 0.9 eV. Furthermore, the designed absorber is polarization-insensitive and has good robustness to incident angles. Such a high-performance MA has broad application prospects in THz imaging, modulating, filtering, etc.     

An Ultra-Broadband Chirality Selective Metastructure Absorber using High Impedance Surface

In this paper, an ultra-wideband chirality selective metastructure absorber is proposed that enables differential absorption and reflection of circularly polarized waves in the terahertz (THz) range. The structure achieves circular dichroism (CD) by using asymmetrically split metal rings as fundamental meta-atoms. Most critically, the high impedance surface and air-resonant cavities are inserted separately in the meta-atoms and dielectric substrate to enhance CD and broaden the bandwidth of absorption. The metastructure absorber can achieve more than 90% absorption of right circularly polarized waves at 0.675–1.244 THz, and it can maintain more than 90% reflection of left circularly polarized waves at 0.607–1.229 THz without changing the direction of rotation. Besides, its CD can reach more than 80% at 0.687–1.213 THz with a relative bandwidth of 55.3%. Spin-selective absorption, which is closely related to breaking chiral symmetry, is investigated through power loss distribution, wide-angle incidence, and scan parameter optimization. The proposed strategy is further validated in the THz band, and the polarization selection and manipulation techniques can be applied to chiral sensing/radio-thermometry, circular polarization detectors/lasers, and molecular spectroscopy.     

电场诱导水的太赫兹透射特性研究

许多生物分子自身的转动、振动或分子团的整体振动模式都位于太赫兹波段内,因此可以利用太赫兹光谱技术对生物分子进行检测。同时又由于太赫兹波的光子能量仅为毫电子伏量级,不会对分子的内部结构造成破坏,所以太赫兹时域光谱技术在生物检测方面具有良好的应用前景。众所周知,绝大多数的生物分子只有在液体条件下才能发挥其生物活性,所以研究液体环境下生物分子之间的相互作用就非常必要。然而水分子的转动模式、振动模式以及和氢键有关的能量均处于太赫兹波段,从而对其产生强烈的吸收;另外,水分子为极性分子,而极性分子对太赫兹波有强烈的共振吸收,这就使利用太赫兹技术对生物分子活性进行动态表征产生了困难。因此在研究溶液中的生物分子与太赫兹波的相互作用时,最大限度地减小水分子对太赫兹波的吸收就成为近年来的研究热点。目前,减少水对太赫兹波吸收的主要方法有：在溶液样品中加入抑制氢键缔合的离子来减小水对太赫兹的吸收;通过改变溶液的温度来调节水对太赫兹的吸收;利用微流控芯片技术,通过减小被测样品与太赫兹波的作用距离来减小水对太赫兹波的吸收。另外,激光的激励、电场或磁场的处理,也能改变水对太赫兹波的吸收,将盛有去离子水的微流控芯片放于电场中,研究经电场处理不同时间的去离子水对太赫兹吸收强度的影响。结果发现,太赫兹波的透射强度随着去离子水在电场当中静置时间的增加而增强,当在电场中静置60 min时,太赫兹的频谱强度达到最大,与空气的频谱强度接近。由此可以推断外加电场使水分子的偶极矩发生了变化,从而对整体水分子的振动和转动产生了影响,并且改变了水中的氢键结构,导致了太赫兹透射光谱强度的增强。     

基于双尺度4分离层优化的石墨烯太赫兹宽带吸波结构

为实现对未来远程太赫兹雷达的高效对抗与隐身,针对典型太赫兹雷达工作频率设计了一种石墨烯太赫兹宽带吸波结构。宽带吸波结构以表层金属层/石墨烯层/介质层/底层金属层为基本吸波结构单元,利用遗传算法对双尺度基本吸波结构单元进行4分离层优化设计,确定宽带吸波结构的各层结构参数。仿真结果表明:宽带吸波结构在0.138 THz～2 THz频率范围内吸收效率优于80%,在0.157 THz～2 THz频率范围内吸收效率优于97.46%,典型太赫兹雷达工作频率处吸收效率均优于92.27%,满足太赫兹雷达对抗与隐身要求。     

A multi-band and polarization-independent perfect absorber based on Dirac semimetals circles and semi-ellipses array

We design a four-band terahertz metamaterial absorber that relied on the block Dirac semi-metal(BDS). It is composed of a Dirac material layer, a gold reflecting layer, and a photonic crystal slab(PCS) medium layer. This structure achieved perfect absorption of over 97% at 4.06 THz, 6.15 THz, and 8.16 THz. The high absorption can be explained by the localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR). And this conclusion can be proved by the detailed design of the surface structure. Moreover, the resonant frequency of the device can be dynamically tuned by changing the Fermi energy of the BDS. Due to the advantages such as high absorption, adjustable resonance, and anti-interference of incident angle and polarization mode, the Dirac semi-metal perfect absorber(DSPA) has great potential value in fields such as biochemical sensing, information communication, and nondestructive detection.     

卟啉化合物太赫兹光谱特性研究

用化学方法合成了四苯基卟啉（TPP）、四苯基卟啉乙酸合锰（TPPMn）、四对羟基苯基卟啉（THPP）,并用太赫兹时域光谱技术研究了室温条件下这三种化合物的光谱特征,得到了各自的时域谱和透射谱。结果表明不同的卟啉化合物在太赫兹波段有不同的吸收,四苯基卟啉与四苯基卟啉乙酸合锰透射峰的位置相同,可能由于金属原予在大分子环内部配位,对分子的振动模式无影响,只是增强了物质对THz的吸收。通过比较样品的透射谱,讨论了卟啉分子结构与THz光谱吸收的关系。     

Dual-band and polarization-insensitive terahertz absorber based on fractal Koch curves

We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of a dual-band and polarization-insensitive metamaterial ab-sorber （MA）, which consists of periodically arranged fractal Koch curves acting as the top resonator array and a metallic ground plane separated by a dielectric spacer. Compared with conventional MAs, a more compact size and multi-frequency operation are achieved by using fractal geometry as the unit cell of the MA. Both the effective medium theory and the multi- reflection interference theory are employed to investigate the underlying physical mechanism of the proposed terahertz MA, and results indicate that the latter theory is not suitable for explaining the absorption mechanism in our investigated struc-ture. Two absorption peaks are observed at 0.226 THz and 0.622 THz with absorptivities of 91.3% and 95.6% respectively and good agreements between the full-wave simulation and experimental results are achieved.     

Broad-band polarization-independent metamaterial absorber for solar energy harvesting applications

A novel broad-band polarization-independent with wide-angle metamaterial absorber(MA) is investigated and demonstrated for solar energy harvesting applications. The proposed MA is composed of two metal layers which have different thickness and a dielectric layer which is sandwiched between these metal layers. By this combination, the proposed MA indicates plasmonic resonance characteristic. Numeric results show that proposed MA has perfect absorption characteristic which is above 88.28% with wide-angle for all visible region. It shows almost perfect absorption of 98.4% at the resonance frequency of 621.76 THz and has also 90% absorption between frequencies of 445 THz and 770 THz which is nearly all visible light region. Besides, numerical results validate that the proposed MA could achieve very high absorption at wide-angles of incidence for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) waves.. The proposed MA and its variations enable for solar cell applications due to have upper ratio of 90% in the widest range of visible spectrum comparing to the studies in literature. In order to show additional features of the proposed structure, parametric studies are realized and discussed. Furthermore, the absorption characteristic of proposed MA is investigated for infrared and ultraviolet region. The enhancement of absorption of the structure will provide new type of sensors in these frequency ranges.     

基于超材料的偏振不敏感太赫兹宽带吸波体设计

本文设计了一种基于超材料的偏振不敏感太赫兹宽带吸波体.吸波体包含两层金属和一层中间介质,表面金属层每一个周期单元由五种尺寸接近的金属块按照相邻不同的规律排列成5×5的方形阵列.各种尺寸金属块分别产生单峰谐振吸收,五个谐振吸收峰相互靠近从而产生宽带吸收.通过研究吸波体表面电流和电场z分量分布情况可知,入射太赫兹能量的吸收主要是由y方向上电场引起的电偶极子振荡和z方向上磁场引起的磁极化产生,而且金属层的欧姆损耗起主要作用.仿真结果表明,吸波体吸收率在80%以上的带宽约为1.2 THz,最高吸收率可达98.7%,半峰全宽(FWHM)为1.6 THz,该宽带吸波体的厚度约为中心波长的二十分之一,对偏振方向不敏感,且能实现大角度吸收,在太赫兹频段的电磁隐身、测辐射热探测器以及宽带通信等领域有潜在的应用价值.     

生物基底材料的超宽频带太赫兹光谱研究

作为一种新兴的方式,太赫兹时域光谱和成像已经被广泛应用到研究不同生物组织的光学特性。在空气等离子体处施加偏置电场对太赫兹波脉冲进行外差式相干检测(air-biased-coherent-detection,ABCD)的太赫兹系统具有超宽频带和可以在较远距离进行成像的优点,十分适用于对生物组织进行超宽谱研究,而对生物组织进行光谱测量通常需要基底材料。利用太赫兹ABCD系统对四种典型的基底材料(石英,高密度聚乙烯,聚四氟乙烯和石蜡)的光学参数进行测定,并计算其在1~15THz频率范围内的吸收系数和折射率。结果表明,高密度聚乙烯和石蜡可以很好的被用作生物组织超宽频带太赫兹光谱测量的基底材料。同时,虽然石英和聚四氟乙烯都是窄带(0.1~3THz)太赫兹系统中常用的基底材料,但是由于它们在高于5THz的频率范围内对太赫兹波具有较强的吸收,所以不能用作超宽频带太赫兹光谱测量的基底材料。     

基于石墨烯和二氧化钒的太赫兹宽带可调谐超材料吸收器

太赫兹超材料吸收器作为一种重要的太赫兹功能器件,被广泛应用于生物医学传感、电磁隐身、军用雷达等多个领域.但这种传统的超材料吸收器结构具有可调谐性差、功能单一、性能指标不足等缺点,已经无法满足复杂多变的电磁环境的要求,因此可调谐超材料吸收器逐渐成为了太赫兹功能器件领域的研究热点.为实现超材料吸收器吸收特性的调谐,通常从调...     

基于太赫兹光谱技术的光学系统设计及应用

太赫兹脉冲信号在频域上具有“指纹频谱”特性,利用该性质可以对物质进行定性分析。借助Zemax软件的光学分析与优化功能,设计了二次非球面TPX平凸透镜,提高了透镜对太赫兹波束的聚集能力;采用平凸透镜设计了太赫兹波束整形光学系统,并将该光学系统用于太赫兹时域光谱系统中,对盐酸莫西沙星和左氧氟沙星进行太赫兹光谱测试,经过算法处理后得到二者在频域上的吸收系数与折射率曲线。测试结果表明:左氧氟沙星的折射率在0.1 THz～3.5 THz波段要比盐酸莫西沙星高,但是盐酸莫西沙星的折射率变化更加平缓;盐酸莫西沙星在1.03 THz、1.92 THz、2.58 THz、2.84 THz处具有明显的吸收峰,左氧氟沙星在1.35 THz、1.96 THz、2.52 THz、2.73 THz处具有明显的吸收峰。     

太赫兹时域光谱技术的重金属离子吸附检测方法研究

随着工业化进程的不断推进,水体重金属污染问题日益严重。秸秆具有来源广泛、价格低廉、易再生等优点,故成为水体重金属污染处理的理想吸附剂。为研究太赫兹波技术在水体重金属污染检测的应用前景,实验选取原始秸秆和碱化秸秆分别对重金属离子进行吸附,利用太赫兹时域光谱技术(THz-TDS)在室温氮气环境下对原始秸秆样品、碱化秸秆样品、原始秸秆吸附重金属离子样品、碱化秸秆吸附重金属离子样品和碱化秸秆吸附重金属离子解吸后的样品进行光谱测量,秸秆经碱化处理后处于1.75～1.85 THz的杂合吸收峰带吸收系数有明显下降,并伴有肩峰式吸收带后移的现象,在吸附重金属离子后,原始秸秆样品中原有的1.75～1.85 THz杂合吸收带消失,却在1.8～2.05 THz形成了杂合吸收带。碱化秸秆在1.7～2.05 THz呈现复杂的多个肩峰式吸收,而碱化秸秆吸附重金属样品在1.7～2.05 THz呈现平滑的强吸收带,碱化秸秆吸附重金属离子水解吸后吸收谱线近乎平行。结合秸秆及碱化吸附重金属的化学反应过程对吸收谱进行分析,可得到不同组分样品的分子振动及官能团信息,并得到碱化秸秆吸附重金属应为络合吸附和静电吸附两种吸附方式。证明了太赫兹时域光谱技术在水体重金属污染检测中的可靠性和良好的应用前景。     

Terahertz surface-wave resonant sensor with a metal hole array

A surface-wave sensor based on the resonant transmission characteristics of metal hole arrays is demonstrated in the terahertz (THz) region. Since the frequency of the transmission peak of a metal hole array, which corresponds to the resonant frequency of the surface waves, is particularly sensitive to the refractive index in the vicinity of the metal surface, a very small change in the substances attached to the surface can be detected by monitoring the transmission spectrum. By attaching a layer of substance (thickness t < 5 microm) much thinner than the wavelength of the THz wave (lambda(THz) = 1 mm at 0.3 THz) to the surface of a metal hole array, we demonstrated that the existence of such a small amount of substance can be detected more easily than without the metal hole array. This demonstration of THz sensing with metal hole arrays indicates the possibility of realizing THz surface-wave sensors for biochemical molecules in the THz region.     

盐酸胍诱导叶绿素变性的THz时域光谱研究

THz时域光谱对分子构型非常敏感,能快速方便的把具有相似结构的生物分子区分开来.利用THz光谱的这一技术特点,对盐酸胍诱导叶绿素a(Chl-a)和叶绿素b(Chl-b)变性进行了研究.实验结果表明,THz光谱不仅能够鉴别变性前后的叶绿素分子,而且探测到了新的实验现象.在盐酸胍作用下,两种分子的THz吸收谱中都出现一个位于1.7 THz处的峰.通过测量几种氨基酸和盐酸胍相互作用的样品后,观察到了相同位置的峰,进而验证了这个峰是由于叶绿素的C=O键和盐酸胍的N-H键相互作用形成氧键引起的.研究结果表明,运用THz光谱技术能有效地把具有相似结构的生物分子区分开来,这项技术也是监测生物分子变性的一种有力工具.     

Polarization insensitive terahertz metamaterial absorber

We present the simulation, implementation, and measurement of a polarization insensitive resonant metamaterial absorber in the terahertz region. The device consists of a metal/dielectric-spacer/metal structure allowing us to maximize absorption by varying the dielectric material and thickness and, hence, the effective electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability. Experimental absorption of 77% and 65% at 2.12 THz (in the operating frequency range of terahertz quantum cascade lasers) is observed for a spacer of polyimide or silicon dioxide respectively. These metamaterials are promising candidates as absorbing elements for thermally based terahertz imaging.     

High-temperature all-optical intersubband quantum well Terahertz switch

In this article an asymmetric intersubband quantum well structure as a high temperature terahertz (THz) optical switch is proposed. In our proposed structure the incoming low power energy photon (THz control signal) causes an optical switching. In this structure we introduce an optical terahertz switch based on coherent population trapping (CPT) phenomena. In the presence of electromagnetic THz field, quantum interference between the terahertz control field and short-wavelength probe field under appropriate condition, the medium becomes transparent (zero absorption) for the probe field. So the absorption and refraction characteristic of optical probe field can be modified with THz radiation. Therefore this idea is suitable for all – optical terahertz switching.     

相变材料与超表面复合结构太赫兹移相器

利用相变材料嵌入超表面组成复合结构实现太赫兹移相器,该器件自上而下依次为二氧化钒嵌入金属层、液晶、二氧化钒嵌入金属层、二氧化硅层.通过二氧化钒的相变特性和液晶的双折率特性同时作用实现对器件相位调控.随着外加温度变化二氧化钒电导率发生改变,器件的相位随之产生移动,同样的对液晶层施加不同的电压导致液晶折射率发生变化,器件相位也会有影响.经过这两种介质共同作用,最终实现对太赫兹波相位有效调控.仿真结果验证了该相移器在频率f=0.736 THz时,太赫兹移相器的最大相移量达到355.37°,在0.731—0.752 THz(带宽为22 GHz)频率范围相移量超过350°.这种基于相变材料与超表面复合结构为灵活调控太赫兹波提供了一种新思路,将在太赫兹成像、通信等领域有着广泛的应用前景.     

Mechanically tunable broadband terahertz modulator based on high-aligned Ni nanowire arrays

We present a mechanically tunable broadband terahertz(THz) modulator based on the high-aligned Ni nanowire(NW)arrays. The modulator is a sandwich structure consisting of two polydimethylsiloxane layers and a central layer of highaligned Ni NW arrays. Our experimental measurements reveal the transmittance of THz wave can be effectively modulated by mechanical stretching. The NW density in arrays increases with the strain increasing, which induced an enhancement in the absorption of THz wave. When the strain increases from 0 to 6.5%, a linear relationship is observed for the variation of modulation depth(MD) of THz wave regarding the strain, and the modulated range is from 0 to 85% in a frequency range from 0.3 THz to 1.8 THz. Moreover, the detectable MD is about 15% regarding the 1% strain change resolution. This flexible Ni NW-based modulator can be promised many applications, such as remote strain sensing, and wearable devices.