Chaotic Behavior in the Rescattering Process of Optical Field Ionization

In this paper we describe the rescattering process in optical field ionization through a new model which improves the well-known quasi-static model by adding Coulomb potential in its second procedure. We find that this new model shows chaotic scattering. Nonlinear theory is applied to analyze the system. We also find that there exist chaotic layers and selfsimilar fractal structure and those unstablemanifolds which constitute the chaotic scattering pattern.     

Core ionization potentials in carbon monoxide

Conflicting values have been reported for the core ionization potentials in carbon monoxide. We have remeasured these and find 296.24 ± 0.03 for the carbon 1s ionization potential and 542.57 ? 0.03 for oxygen 1s. The carbon value is close to previously reported values; that for oxygen is higher by ～ 0.5 eV. These results are compared with ionization potentials calculated from molecular orbital theory. The value predicted by near-Hartree-Fock calculations for oxygen is too low by ～ 1eV and that for carbon is too high by ～ 0.5 eV.     

Coulomb Potential Recapture Effect in Above-Barrier Ionization in Laser Pulses

The Coulomb potential recapture effect in above-barrier ionization with ultrashort long-wavelength laser pulses is investigated theoretically by solving the one-dimensional time-dependent Schrodinger equation. We find that electrons can be recaptured with considerable possibility by the Coulomb potential near the end of the pulse though atoms are ionized almost completely within the first few half optical cycles. Therefore there is a high probability of the atom surviving after the pulse. We also check this process in the three-dimensional case and find that this kind of stabilization can still exist in three-dimensional atoms.     

Optimization of the ionization time of an atom with tailored laser pulses: a theoretical study

How fast can a laser pulse ionize an atom? We address this question by considering pulses that carry a fixed time-integrated energy per-area, and finding those that achieve the double requirement of maximizing the ionization that they induce, while having the shortest duration. We formulate this double-objective quantum optimal control problem by making use of the Pareto approach to multi-objective optimization, and the differential evolution genetic algorithm. The goal is to find out how a precise time-profiling of ultra-fast, large-bandwidth pulses may speed up the ionization process. We work on a simple one-dimensional model of hydrogen-like atoms (the Pöschl-Teller potential) that allows to tune the number of bound states that play a role in the ionization dynamics. We show how the detailed shape of the pulse accelerates the ionization, and how the presence or absence of bound states influences the velocity of the process.     

Multistep ionization of argon clusters in intense femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses

The interaction of intense extreme ultraviolet femtosecond laser pulses (lambda = 32.8 nm) from the FLASH free electron laser (FEL) with clusters has been investigated by means of photoelectron spectroscopy and modeled by Monte Carlo simulations. For laser intensities up to 5x10(13) W/cm(2), we find that the cluster ionization process is a sequence of direct electron emission events in a developing Coulomb field. A nanoplasma is formed only at the highest investigated power densities where ionization is frustrated due to the deep cluster potential. In contrast with earlier studies in the IR and vacuum ultraviolet spectral regime, we find no evidence for electron emission from plasma heating processes.     

Intense-field double ionization of helium: identifying the mechanism

We present quantum mechanical calculations of the electron and ion momentum distributions following double ionization of a one-dimensional helium atom by ultrashort laser pulses (780 nm) at various intensities. The two-electron momentum distributions exhibit a clear transition from nonsequential to sequential double ionization. We provide strong evidence that rescattering is responsible for nonsequential ionization by calculating the momentum spectrum of the He2+ recoil ions-which we find in excellent agreement with recent experiments-and by analyzing the electronic center-of-mass motion via Wigner transforms.     

Pulse shape and molecular orientation determine the attosecond charge migration in Caffeine

The recent reduction of laser pulse duration down to the attosecond regime offers unprecedented opportunities to investigate ultrafast changes in the electron density before nuclear motion sets in. Here, we investigate the hole dynamics in the Caffeine molecule that is induced by an ionizing XUV pulse of 6 fs duration using the approximate time-dependent density functional theory method TD-DFTB. In order to account for ionization in a localized atomic orbital basis we apply a complex absorbing potential to model the continuum. Propagation of the time-dependent Kohn–Sham equations allows us to extract the time-dependent hole density taking the pulse shape explicitly into account. Results show that the sudden ionization picture, which is often used to motivate an uncorrelated initial state, fails for realistic pulses. We further find a strong dependence of the hole dynamics on the polarization of the laser field. Notwithstanding, we observe fs charge migration between two distant functional groups in Caffeine even after averaging over the molecular orientation.     

100MeV/amu C6+ 碰撞氦原子单电离的全微分截面

利用修正的库仑玻恩近似理论（MCBPT和MCB）计算了散射平面和垂直平面内100MeV/amu C6+ 单电离氦原子的全微分截面,研究了核核作用对截面的影响.其结果与实验数据和3DW理论进行了比较.发现,对于小动量转移,MCBPT计算结果与实验符合的很好;对于大动量转移,MCB结果很好的反映了实验数据.而且,我们详细的分析了扭曲势效应对截面的影响,结果表明随着动量转移的增加扭曲势效应迅速增强.     

势函数对强激光辐照下原子高次谐波辐射的影响

理论上研究了中红外强激光分别与长程库仑原子和短程势模型原子相互作用产生的高次谐波辐射.发现在相同激光参数条件下,与长程库仑原子的谐波辐射相比,短程原子具有更低的辐射效率,但在高频区域(接近cutoff位置),二者效率相似.通过对谐波辐射的时间频率分析发现,在短程模型原子谐波辐射中,长轨道发挥更重要的作用.利用其产生的高次谐波辐射,可以产生孤立阿秒脉冲.     

100 MeV/amu C~(6+)碰撞氦原子单电离的全微分截面

利用全量子方法改进且加入核核作用(PT)的修正库仑玻恩近似(MCBPT)和前人基于半经典的方法且不考虑核核作用的修正库仑玻恩近似(MCB)计算了散射平面和垂直平面内100 Me V/amu C6+单电离氦原子的全微分截面,研究了核核作用对截面的影响.其结果与实验数据和3DW理论进行了比较.发现,对于小动量转移,MCBPT计算结果与实验符合的很好;对于大动量转移,MCB结果很好的反映了实验数据.而且,我们详细的分析了扭曲势效应对截面的影响,结果表明随着动量转移的增加扭曲势效应迅速增强.     

Temporal structure of attosecond pulses from intense laser-atom interactions

We find that the high harmonics have a power-law spectrum I(omega) approximately omega(-3.3+/-0.25) in a wide frequency domain starting at the ionization potential I(p) and down to the plateau beginning. Our spectrotemporal analysis of the emitted radiation displays clear bowlike structures in the (t,omega) plane. These "bows" correspond to Corkum's reencounters of the freed electron with the atom. We find that the bows are not filled and thus cannot be due to any bremsstrahlung. Rather, it is a resonant process that we call stimulated recombination (SR). It occurs when an electron with momentum p reencounters the incompletely ionized atom, and interferes with itself still remaining in the ground state. The SR leads to a highly efficient resonant emission at Planck's over 2pi omega=p(2)/2m+I(p) in the form of attosecond pulses. The SR relies on a low level of ionization and strongly benefits from the use of few-cycle laser pulses.     

Two-, three-, and four-photon ionization of Mg in the circularly and linearly polarized laser fields: Comparative study using the Hartree-Fock and model potentials

We theoretically study multiphoton ionization of Mg in the circularly polarized (CP) as well as the linearly polarized (LP) laser fields. Specifically two-, three-, and four-photon ionization cross sections from the ground and first excited states are calculated as a function of photon energy. Calculations are performed using the frozen-core Hartree-Fock (FCHF) and also the model potential (MP) approaches and the results are compared. We find that the MP approach provides results as good as or even slightly better than those by the FCHF. We also report the relative ratios of the ionization cross sections by the CP and LP laser fields as a function of photon energy, which exhibit clear effects of electron correlations.     

Quantum path control using attosecond pulse trains via UV-assisted resonance enhance ionization

We theoretically investigate the quantum path selection in an ultraviolet(UV)-assisted near-infrared field with an UV energy below the ionization threshold. By calculating the ionization probability with different assistant UV frequencies, we find that a resonance-enhanced ionization peak emerges in the region Euv < Ip, where Euv is the photon energy and Ip is the ionization energy. With an attosecond pulse train(APT) centered in the resonance region, we show that the short quantum path can be well selected in the continuum case. By performing the electron trajectory analysis, we have further explained the physical mechanism of the quantum path selection. Moreover, we also demonstrate that in the resonance region, the harmonic emission from the selected paths is more efficient than that with the APT energy above the ionization threshold.     

Fractal dynamics in the ionization of helium Rydberg atoms

We study the ionization of helium Rydberg atoms in an electric field above the classical ionization threshold within the semiclassical theory.By introducing a fractal approach to describe the chaotic dynamical behavior of the ionization,we identify the fractal self-similarity structure of the escape time versus the distribution of the initial launch angles of electrons,and find that the self-similarity region shifts toward larger initial launch angles with a decrease in the scaled energy.We connect the fractal structure of the escape time plot to the escape dynamics of ionized electrons.Of particular note is that the fractal dimensions are sensitively controlled by the scaled energy and magnetic field,and exhibit excellent agreement with the chaotic extent of the ionization systems for both helium and hydrogen Rydberg atoms.It is shown that,besides the electric and magnetic fields,core scattering is a primary factor in the fractal dynamics.     

Hard X-ray emission by clusters in an intense femtosecond laser field during collective recombination

We consider the new mechanism of X-ray generation by clusters under irradiation by femtosecond laser pulses, the so-called collective photorecombination. We develop the theory of the photo-recombination of electrons that pass from atomic clusters at the outer ionization to the ground level of a homogeneously charged cluster. Such a cluster is considered to be a quantum potential well. The dipole approximation is inapplicable for this process. We conclude that X-ray photons in collective photorecombination on a charged cluster as a whole have an energy that is much larger than that for photorecombination on separate atomic ions inside the cluster. For a typical cluster of 2.25 × 10⁶ electrons, with a radius R = 300 Å, and a number density of plasma electrons n _e = 2 × 10²² cm^?3, we find that at a 5% outer ionization of this cluster, the energy of hard X-ray photons is 7.2 keV.     

Influence of nonlinear quantum dissipation on the dynamical properties of the f-deformed Jaynes-Cummings model in the dispersive limit

We investigate the effect of a static electric field on photoionization of the He atom in the ground 1S and low-lying 2S and 2P excited states. The field-affected ionization potential and photoionization cross-section are determined from the complex eigenvalues of the time-dependent Schr?dinger equation solved by the complex rotation method in the Floquet ansatz. Accuracy of the method is enhanced by the use of the Hylleraas basis set. For the ground state of helium, we find that the total photoionization cross-section remains constant or decreases as a function of the DC field strength until this field reaches a certain critical value. For the low-lying excited states, effect of the static field is similar to the ordinary DC Stark effect.     

Fully correlated electronic dynamics for antiproton impact ionization of helium

We present total cross sections for single and double ionization of helium by antiproton impact over a wide range of impact energies from 10 keV/amu to 1 MeV/amu. A nonperturbative time-dependent close-coupling method is applied to fully treat the correlated dynamics of the ionized electrons. Excellent agreement is obtained between our calculations and experimental measurements of total single and double ionization cross sections at high impact energies, whereas for lower impact energies, some discrepancies with experiment are found. At an impact energy of 1 MeV we also find that the double-to-single ionization ratio is twice as large for antiproton impact as for proton impact, confirming a long-standing unexpected experimental measurement.     

激光强度依赖的阈下谐波产生机制

利用广义伪谱方法精确数值求解了氢原子在强激光场中的三维含时薛定谔方程,获得了强激光中氢原子的含时波函数,利用时间依赖的偶极矩的傅里叶变换得到了高次谐波谱,研究了氢原子在强激光场中发射低于电离阈值的谐波谱对激光强度的依赖性.研究发现,激光强度在低于电离阈值的谐波产生的通道选择的过程中扮演着重要角色,主要有两种量子通道对阈下谐波的产生有贡献,即广义的短轨道和长轨道,其中长轨道对激光场强度比较敏感.结合小波时频变换、经典轨道分析、以及强度依赖的量子通道选择分析,本文阐明了其背后的物理机制.     

Multiphoton ionization of molecular hydrogen by single-cycle pulses

Multiphoton ionization, first observed by N.B. Delone in 1965, has been a subject of intense studies ever since. In this paper we consider multiphoton ionization of molecules in the limit of subopticalcycle pulse duration. Moreover, we study the regime where the molecules are first prepared in a coherent vibrational superposition state, and then are subjected to sub-cycle laser pulses synchronized with respect to the phase of the coherent molecular motion. The present approach is based on the Keldysh formalism, which assumes that the final free electron’s state is much more sensitive to the pulse than the bound initial wavefunction [1]. We find that the ionization rate depends not only on the sub-cycle shape of the laser pulses, but also on the time delay between the arrival of pulses and molecular motion.     

Simultaneous multiphoton ionization by two radiation fields. Effects of the statistical properties of the radiation

Summary We report on calculations of differential and total ionization cross-sections of hydrogen atoms irradiated by two radiation fields with different properties. One of the fields is of low intensity and relatively high frequency, the other is of low frequency and high intensity. In particular, we show that the inclusion of the multimode structure of the low-frequency laser field modifies considerably the shape of the angular distribution of the photoelectrons and the rates of ionization into the different channels characterized by the number of low-frequency photons exchanged. Further, we find that the average energy exchanged between the photoelectrons and the low-frequency radiation field is independent of the statistical properties of the low-frequency laser field.