环形狭缝腔阵列光学特性的研究

设计了一种六角密排的二维环形纳米腔阵列结构, 利用时域有限差分算法对该结构的光学特性进行了探究. 仿真结果表明, 在线性偏振光入射时, 环形腔内可以形成多重圆柱形表面等离激元谐振, 谐振波长的个数和大小与环形腔的结构参数相关. 根据透、反射光谱, 电场矢量的模式分布及截面电荷密度的分布, 谐振波长处形成圆柱形表面等离激元, 谐振波长处入射光能量大部分在环形腔内损耗, 此时反射率为极小值, 环形腔内的电场增强效应为极大值(光强增强可达1065倍). 谐振波长与环形腔的结构参数(狭缝内径、狭缝外径、膜厚、环境介质折射率、金属的材质)相关, 通过调节结构参数, 谐振波长在350–2000 nm范围内可调. 通过对比相同结构参数的单个环形腔和环形腔阵列的仿真结果, 周期排布对环形腔内的圆柱形表面等离激元吸收峰位置影响不明显. 该结构反射光谱对入射光电矢量偏振方向不敏感. 谐振波长的可调控性对于表面拉曼增强和表面等离激元共振传感器的设计与优化具有指导性意义, 且应用于折射率传感器时灵敏度可达1850 nm/RIU.     

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研究了在三开口劈裂金属纳米环中,当入射场偏振方向不同时出现的多极局域表面等离激元共振现象及折射率传感特性。研究表明,当入射场偏振方向分别沿x 轴和y 轴时,在可见光-近红外区域分别激发起两个和三个明显的共振峰。通过改变缺口的张角,能够实现对共振峰位和强度的可控调整。共振峰位处劈裂纳米环的近场分布表明,LHA(左半弧)和DRHA(双右半弧)之间等离激元的杂化耦合是形成上述共振的原因。劈裂纳米环的多极共振非常适合折射率传感应用。当改变周围环境折射率,入射场沿x 轴偏振时,折射率敏感度的最大值可达到1365nm/RIU;入射场沿y 轴偏振时,折射率敏感度最大值可达2229nm/RIU。     

劈裂纳米环多极表面等离激元共振及折射率传感特性分析

研究了在三开口劈裂金属纳米环中,当入射场偏振方向不同时出现的多极局域表面等离激元共振现象及折射率传感特性。研究表明,当入射场偏振方向分别沿x 轴和y 轴时,在可见光-近红外区域分别激发起两个和三个明显的共振峰。通过改变缺口的张角,能够实现对共振峰位和强度的可控调整。共振峰位处劈裂纳米环的近场分布表明,LHA(左半弧)和DRHA(双右半弧)之间等离激元的杂化耦合是形成上述共振的原因。劈裂纳米环的多极共振非常适合折射率传感应用。当改变周围环境折射率,入射场沿x 轴偏振时,折射率敏感度的最大值可达到1365nm/RIU;入射场沿y 轴偏振时,折射率敏感度最大值可达2229nm/RIU。     

Refractive Plasmonic Sensor Based on Fano Resonances in an Optical System

A symmetric plasmonic structure consisting of metal-insulator-metal waveguide, groove and slot cavities is studied, which supports double Fano resonances deriving from two different mechanisms. One of the Fano resonances originates from the interference between the resonances of groove and slot cavities, and the other comes from the interference between slot cavities. The spectral line shapes and the peaks of the double Fano resonances can be modulated by changing the length of the slot cavities and the height of the groove. Furthermore,the wavelength of the resonance peak has a linear relationship with the length of the slot cavities. The proposed plasmonic nanosensor possesses a sensitivity of 800 nm/RIU and a figure of merit of 3150, which may have important applications in switches, sensors, and nonlinear devices.     

Independently tunable dual resonant dip refractive index sensor based on metal—insulator—metal waveguide with Q-shaped resonant cavity

A plasmonic resonator system consisting of a metal—insulator—metal waveguide and a Q-shaped resonant cavity is proposed in this paper. The transmission properties of surface plasmon polaritons in this structure are investigated by using the finite difference in time domain (FDTD) method, and the simulation results contain two resonant dips. The physical mechanism is studied by the multimode interference coupled mode theory (MICMT), and the theoretical results are in highly consistent with the simulation results. Furthermore, the parameters of the Q-shaped cavity can be controlled to adjust the two dips, respectively. The refractive index sensor proposed in this paper, with a sensitivity of 1578 nm/RIU and figure of merit (FOM) of 175, performs better than most of the similar structures. Therefore, the results of the study are instructive for the design and application of high sensitivity nanoscale refractive index sensors.     

Large forbidden band in one-dimensional multi-layered structure containing exponentially graded materials

In the present communication, we have presented band spectra and reflectance properties of one-dimensional multi-layered structure containing dielectric exponentially graded and simple dielectric layers. This study has been performed theoretically by using transfer matrix method. In this paper we have taken the multi-layered structure where refractive index of odd layers is varying continuously along the direction perpendicular to the surface of the layer in exponential form. The effect of the graded profiles are studied and compared with the conventional multi-layered structure of suitable contrast of refractive indices in detail. In this study the materials are considered as non-magnetic and layers other than the graded are taken to be homogeneous and isotropic dielectric medium of constant refractive index. It has been found that the introduction of graded layers enhanced the forbidden band gaps and affects the reflectance of electromagnetic wave spectra significantly. By changing the grading profiles and the contrast, we obtained the forbidden band gaps and the reflectance of such structural change accordingly. Therefore, introducing a graded exponential layer of dielectric in the one-dimensional multi-layered structure provides possible mechanism for enhancing the reflectance as well as the forbidden gap in the optical region. Such multi-layered structure may be useful in the design of a broadband filter.     

Plasmon resonances in deep nanogrooves of reflective metal gratings

Metallic gratings with very deep and narrow grooves are fabricated and their reflection spectra are characterized, which explicitly show high-order standing-wave-like resonances of surface plasmons in the cavity of nanogrooves. The effect of in-plane surface plasmon resonance is also observed, which is shown to have only a minor role on the reflection of such gratings, unlike that for shallow gratings. Using numerical simulations, the cavity resonances and their effects on the reflection of the gratings are identified and further analyzed. As field is more enhanced in the nanogrooves under cavity resonance conditions, the enhancement is also found to be dependent on the grating period, i.e. the strongest enhancement takes place for higher-order resonance modes for smaller grating period. For gratings with shallower grooves, comparable enhancement of field is also achievable by proper design of the grating period. The study suggests that field enhancement can be realized at selective wavelengths in a wide spectrum range using cavity resonances in the deep nanogrooves of metal gratings, and the position for field-enhancement can be tuned by the depth and period of the gratings.     

Results from an X-band coaxial extended length cavity

Experiments and simulations demonstrate high-power microwave generation at 9 GHz in a coaxial geometry. The 9 cm diameter annular electron beam is propagated between inner and outer drift tube conductors, a configuration which increases the beam current and reduces the structure fields from existing high-power sources, Since the TEM mode of the coaxial guide reduces the quality factor of small-gap cavities, especially at high frequency, the interaction is provided by an extended length cavity loaded with dielectric. A single 16 cm cavity generates 200 MW of power from the 400 keV, 7 kA electron beam. Although the cavity can oscillate at a number of resonances, a single mode is selected with 10-30 kW of input power from a magnetron. A coupler samples 25 MW of the power from the interaction region, precisely measured using a single-shot calorimeter. Simulations indicate that the efficiency of the device is limited to 7% by saturation effects, and can be improved by reducing the length of the cavity     

Dielectric metamaterials based on electric and magnetic resonances of silicon carbide particles

Silicon carbide particles exhibit both electric and magnetic optical resonances, allowing unexplored dielectric metamaterial designs. Experimental extinction spectra and Mie theory calculations of single microscale rod-shaped particles reveal three observable midinfrared resonant modes. Two of the modes are degenerate, with a frequency that can be tuned according to a resonance condition derived within the Letter. The existence of both electric and magnetic resonances may enable a novel negative refractive index metamaterial design.     

Increasing the bandwidth of coaxial aperture arrays in radar frequencies

Arrays of coaxial cavities in a silver slab are an angle-independent frequency-selective structure in the optical wavelengths. We show that understanding major resonant effects can achieve a similar structure in the radar frequencies. We use a biperiodic boundary integral method to explain the resonances. We suggest a geometrical evolution of the coaxial cavities that presents an enhanced bandwidth under oblique incidence in TM polarization.     

Absorption spectra versus field distribution for metal-dielectric three-dimensional photonic crystals

The absorption spectra of three-dimensional metal-dielectric photonic crystals (PCs) are studied using computer simulation by the finite difference time domain method and the layered Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method. The band structure of a three-dimensional dielectric PC is obtained by the plane wave expansion method. The explanation of absorption spectra of PC based on its comparison with the band structure and Fabry-Perot resonances inside a PC plate is given. The intensity distribution of an electric field using FDTD inside the metal-dielectric PC for three various structures is analyzed. It is shown that spherical cavities in a dielectric PC “focus” the field inside cavities at certain wavelengths. This leads to an increase of absorption at these wavelengths if metal spheres are located in the centers of those cavities. This effect can be considered as an analogue of the Borrmann effect in X-ray spectroscopy.     

Control of resonant peak depths of tunable long-period fiber gratings using overcoupling

We present a method to reduce changes in the resonant peak depth of a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) as the resonant band is tuned by varying the external refractive index. We theoretically analyze the effects of the initial coupling strength on the peak depth change as external refractive index is varied. By controlling the initial coupling strength, it is experimentally demonstrated that an optimum peak depth can be obtained over a range of operating wavelengths that will maximize the sensitivity and stability of LPFG based sensors and tunable filters.     

Resonant transmission of terahertz waves through metallic slot antennas on various dielectric substrates

We report on terahertz electromagnetic field transmission through metallic slot antennas supported on various dielectric substrates. The substrate effect strongly modifies the transmission resonance compared to the free-standing case, while the resonance can be determined systematically by introducing an effective refractive index. The relative contribution of the substrate index to the effective index has been measured for various substrates, and shows a good agreement with theoretical calculations based on a coupled mode method. In addition, the slot antenna arrays embedded in a flexible substrate show a transmission resonance governed by a substrate refractive index.     

速调管放大器大漂移管尺寸输入腔的3维分析与模拟

设计了3种耦合孔结构的大漂移管输入腔,分析比较了其冷腔场分布以及直流电子束通过输入腔间隙后的束流调制情况.计算结果表明:在工作模式下,开单扇形耦合孔和环形孔比开双扇形耦合孔的间隙场均匀;在大尺寸漂移管条件下,采用环形耦合孔输入腔的品质因数比单扇形耦合孔输入腔的小,环形耦合孔输入腔与微波注入波导匹配较好;在相同注入微波功...     

Modulation and compression of Nd: YAG laser pulses by self-tuning of a silicon cavity

A Nd: YAG laser pulse (20 ns halfwidth) passing a silicon crystal (0.5 mm thickness) produces refractive index changes by free carrier production. The polished crystal with parallel faces behaves therefore like a Fabry-Perot cavity with time dependent transmission. With an incident energy density of up to 300 mJ/cm² the cavity can be tuned over up to 5 resonances. The temporal shape of the transmitted pulse exhibits a corresponding number of maxima. Experimentally observed pulse shapes are compared with calculations. Deviations between theory and experiment at high energy densities are explained by increasing absorption due to the free-carriers. If the cavity is tuned over a single resonance a pulse compression can be achieved.     

Design of Highly Sensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors Using Planar Metallic Films Closely Coupled to Nanogratings

We investigate the sensitivity enhancement of surface plasmon resonance （SPR） sensors using planar metallic films closely coupled to nanogratings. The strong coupling between localized surface plasmon resonances （LSPRs） presenting in metallic nanostructures and surface plasmon polaritons （SPPs） propagating at the metallic film surface leads to changes of resonance reflection properties, resulting in enhanced sensitivity of SPR sensors. The effects of thickness of the metallic films, grating period and metal materials on the refractive index sensitivity of the device are investigated. The refractive index sensitivity of nanograting-based SPR sensors is predicted to be about 543 nm/RIU （refractive index unit） using optimized structure parameters. Our study on SPR sensors using planar metallic films closely coupled to nanogratings demonstrates the potential for significant improvement in refractive index sensitivity.     

Experimental study of coaxial free-electron maser based on two-dimensional distributed feedback

The first experimental study of a coaxial free-electron maser (FEM) based on two-dimensional (2D) distributed feedback is presented. A new type of cavity formed with coaxial 2D surface photonic band gap structures was used. The FEM was driven by a large diameter (7 cm), high-current (500 A), annular electron beam of energy 475 keV. By tuning the amplitude of the undulator or guide magnetic field, modes associated with the different band gaps of the 2D structures were excited. The -band coaxial FEM generated 15 MW of radiation with a 6% conversion efficiency, in excellent agreement with theory.     

Refractive index design and validation for evanescent field power maximization in optical fibre sensors

The viability and operation of evanescent field-based optical fibre sensors is largely determined by the fraction of the total supported modal field power in the evanescent field. As this fraction is highly dependent on the refractive index profile of the fibre, one design strategy for fibre sensors is to maximize this field power fraction over the class of all refractive index profiles. This paper documents this design strategy for circular geometry optical fibres, where the goal is to maximize the evanescent field power fraction for a particular mode via the selection of an optimal refractive index profile. The axially symmetric profiles obtained approximate “holey” annular structures, the performance of which can be validated using existing waveguide analysis techniques.     

感应加速腔横向阻抗测量

 描述了采用脉冲双线法测量感应加速腔横向阻抗的原理、方法和步骤。测量结果显示,新设计的真空腔和绝缘腔的横向阻抗特性优于以前设计的原形腔,而且加速间隙由于采用了类同轴结构,绝缘腔的低频模式被有效抑制,在753MHZ测得其横向阻抗为820W /m。     

Theoretical studies on the near field properties of non-concentric core-shell nanoparticle dimers

The concentric core-shell nanoparticle dimers have “hot spots” with enhanced electric fields in their junctions, which can be used in the surface enhanced Raman spectra analysis. Here the non-concentric core-shell nanoparticle dimers are proposed by introducing a shift between the dielectric core and the metal shell. By using the three dimensional finite difference time domain method, the plasmon resonances and the near field properties of the core-shell nanoparticle dimers affected by the non-concentric shift, dimer separation, excitation wavelength and polarization are analyzed in detail. The results show that the local near fields of the non-concentric core-shell nanoparticle dimers can be much more enhanced than those of the concentric ones. Also the plasmon resonance wavelengths of the dimers can be effectively tuned by the non-concentric shifts between the core and shell. The proposed nanostructures can have great potential in various near field applications.