Application of the new pattern recognition system in the new e-nose to detecting Chinese spirits

We present a new pattern recognition system based on moving average and linear discriminant analysis （LDA）, which can be used to process the original signal of the new polymer quartz piezoelectric crystal air-sensitive sensor system we designed, called the new e-nose. Using the new e-nose, we obtain the template datum of Chinese spirits via a new pattern recognition system. To verify the effectiveness of the new pattern recognition system, we select three kinds of Chinese spirits to test, our results confirm that the new pattern recognition system can perfectly identify and distinguish between the Chinese spirits.     

Vibration analysis of a new polymer quartz piezoelectric crystal sensor for detecting characteristic materials of volatility liquid

We present a new polymer quartz piezoelectric crystal sensor that takes a quartz piezoelectric crystal as the basal material and a nanometer nonmetallic polymer thin film as the surface coating based on the principle of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The new sensor can be used to detect the characteristic materials of a volatile liquid. A mechanical model of the new sensor was built, whose structure was a thin circle plate composing of polytef/quartz piezoelectric/polytef. The mechanical model had a diameter of 8 mm and a thickness of 170 μ. The vibration state of the model was simulated by software ANSYS after the physical parameters and the boundary condition of the new sensor were set. According to the results of experiments, we set up a frequency range from 9.995850 MHz to 9.997225 MHz, 17 kinds of frequencies and modes of vibration were obtained within this range. We found a special frequency f_sp of 9.996358 MHz. When the resonant frequency of the new sensor’s mechanical model reached the special frequency, a special phenomenon occurred. In this case, the amplitude of the center point O on the mechanical model reached the maximum value. At the same time, the minimum absolute difference between the simulated frequency based on the ANSYS software and the experimental measured stable frequency was reached. The research showed that the design of the new polymer quartz piezoelectric crystal sensor perfectly conforms to the principle of QCM. A special frequency value f_sp was found and subsequently became one of the most important parameters in the new sensor design.     

基于EMD-AWPP和HOSA-SVM算法的分布式光纤振动入侵信号的特征提取与识别

针对传统的信号处理方法无法有效区分不同振动入侵信号,提出一种基于EMD-AWPP和HOSA-SVM算法的振动信息特征提取与识别方法,用于解决分布式光纤振动入侵检测系统的高精度信号识别问题。处理不同振动类型时,该方法首先利用基于经验模态分解的自适应小波包处理算法,不仅对信号的低频部分进行了分解,而且对高频部分即信号的细节部分也进行了更好的时频局部化处理,改善了信号特征提取精度,减少传感信号异常值的影响; 其次采用高阶谱分析中的双谱和双相干谱,精确提取包含不同振动入侵信号类型的特征矢量; 最后在BPNN参比模型的基础上,用粒子群算法优化SVM的识别参数,使识别模型具有更强的自适应和自学习能力,克服了神经网络易陷入局部最优的不足之处,实现不同振动入侵信号的特征矢量识别。分析结果表明,针对不同类型的入侵源识别,该方法可以有效剔除随机噪声的影响,提取传感信息的特征矢量,降低异常值的影响,算法的预测类别与输出类别几乎一致,振动识别的精确率达到95%以上,识别效果明显强于BPNN网络的检测算法,提高了信息分析的准确性。     

全光纤周界安全防范系统

采用光纤振动传感技术研制了应用于国境线的光纤周界安全防范系统。通过对其进行入侵者翻越周界围栏的入侵探测实验,结果表明,它可有效地敏感由入侵行为产生的振动。通过对振动进行分析表明,翻越围栏的行为会产生非平稳随机信号,该信号存在多个幅度峰值,且频率都集中在500Hz以下的低频,为自动识别算法的开发提供了设计依据。实验环境中风力会产生300Hz以下的低频背景噪声,会增加识别的难度。     

基于非完整表面缺陷模式的一维光子晶体高分辨率折射率传感器

介绍了一种新型一维光子晶体非完整表面缺陷模式折射率传感器的原理及方法,并构建了高分辨率、高Q值传感器探测实验系统,利用二甲基砜溶液验证了这种传感器.实验结果表明,该折射率传感器的灵敏度为3 025 nm·RIU-1(Refractive index LJnit),当光谱仪的分辨率为0.01 mn时,传感器的分辨率为3.3×10-6RIU.该传感器的Q值为260,并且在1.4～1.42范围内具有良好的线性度(线性度为0.991 27).文章分析了传感器Q值与光子晶体周期数及被探测液体厚度之间的关系.理论和实验证明这种全反射型光子晶体表面波传感器具有与SPR相似的无标、实时生物检测的特点且可获得更高的探测灵敏度、Q值和分辨率.     

An erosion sensor based on a quartz crystal microbalance for quantitative determination of the cleaning efficiency in an ultrasonic vessel

The efficiency of ultrasonic cleaning vessels cannot be measured directly in an easy way. In the presented work, a sensor is developed which quantitatively measures the ablation of a test layer. The sensor element is a quartz crystal which is coated with a sacrificial layer. Small changes in mass of this layer can be measured by a frequency shift of the crystal oscillation. For measurements, a 10 MHz AT-cut quartz crystal was used in a cleaning vessel working at 44.9 kHz. To determine the frequency shift by the ablation of the test layer, the quartz crystal was driven by a frequency generator sweeping the frequency in the range of the resonance frequency and a characteristic frequency was determined. The test layer which was applied to the quartz crystal consisted of silica microparticles suspended in varnish. In a preliminary experiment using a commercial cleaner it could be shown that significant changes in resonance frequency by cavitation effect could be detected. The initial frequency shift of the sacrificial layer is reproducible within 10%. The test layer can be adapted to the conditions of the cleaning vessel. By changing the electrical input power of the vessel, a threshold in the cavitation erosion was found.     

基于移动窗口相关系数光谱法的白酒品牌快速判别技术研究

为满足白酒品牌判别领域快速检测的迫切需求,提出了一种以紫外光谱为输入,移动窗口相关系数法为手段的白酒品牌快速判别新方法。研究以海之蓝酒作为对象品牌,实验结果显示各批次海之蓝酒在实验波长区间存在较高的吻合一致性,基于紫外光谱原始谱图的相关系数值和基于移动窗口光谱计算所得的相关系数值均达到0.99以上。由于其他洋河系列白酒与海之蓝酒均属于洋河酒厂生产,原料来源、生产制备工艺等存在较高的相似性,此时若仅使用紫外光谱原始谱图数据结合相似度算法进行品牌判别,则定量化的判别区分存在一定困难。移动窗口法可有效提高谱图细节差异,突出光谱在特征谱段的形状、强度、变化趋势差异,提高实验谱图在细节结构差异辨认分析能力。经过研究筛选,发现以移动窗口相关系数结合紫外光谱特征谱段(270～295 nm)可提高洋河系列酒间的谱图差异,实现这种有较高相似性白酒品牌的判别区分。此外,市售六种其他品牌白酒及乙醇作为对照组,进一步论证了该方案的可行性。该研究的创新之处在于提出了一种移动窗口相关系数光谱法进行白酒品牌快速判别分析的新思路,该方法同时具备速度快,操作简便等优点,具有较高的实际应用潜在价值,并可为其他食品的质量安全判别分析研究提供借鉴。     

利用深度神经网络实现分布式相干瑞利光纤振动事件分类

该文利用分布式相干瑞利光纤传感系统,在西气东输一线无锡至苏州段开展现场测试,采集了光纤沿线车辆行走、机械挖掘、人工锄地、定向钻孔等8种振动作业产生的光纤信号,并提出了一种具有5层结构的全连接深度神经网络用于振动事件分类识别以实现不同振动作业的分级管理。振动作业产生的光纤信号能量集中在低频,该文利用梅尔对数频率的非均匀特性提取了25维单帧信号特征量,并将连续40帧信号特征量组合成高维向量作为网络输入特征向量,实现对不同振动作业时变特性的建模。分类识别结果表明,基于深度神经网络结构的振动信号分类识别器能够有效识别不同振动作业类型,实际线路实验验证了该文算法的有效性。     

Laser ultrasonic analysis of normal modes generated by a voltage pulse on an AT quartz sensor

Laser ultrasonic detection is a versatile and highly sensitive tool for the observation of surface waves. In the following study, laser ultrasonic detection is used for the experimental study of spurious normal vibration modes of a disk quartz sensor excited by a voltage pulse. The AT cut crystal (cut of the crystal relative to the the main crystallographic axis is 35.25 degrees) is optimal for generating mainly thickness-shear vibrations (central frequency 6 MHz) on the quartz surface. However, resulting from shear-to-longitudinal and shear-to-surface mode conversion, and from the weak coupling with the other crystallographic axes, other modes (thickness-compressional and bending modes) are always present in the plate response. Since the laser vibrometer is sensitive to normal displacements, the laser investigation shows waves that can be considered as unwanted for the AT quartz used as a shear sensor. The scanned three dimensional (3D) amplitude-space-time signals are carefully analysed using their representation in three dual Fourier domains (space-time, wave number-frequency). Results on the transient analysis of the waves, the normal bending modes and the dispersion curves are shown.     

分布式光纤声波振动传感系统研发及应用

针对油气田勘探开发需获取微声波信号完整波形的问题,开展了基于双脉冲外差调制与反正切外差解调方案的分布式光纤声波传感（DAS）技术研究与配套系统研发。通过特征参数室内振动模拟实验,新型DAS系统的响应频率范围20 Hz～25 kHz、最大动态范围60 dB、信噪比49 dB,满足微声波信号幅度、频率、相位等信息的探测需求。同时,该系统在新疆油田稠油热采井下蒸汽腔探测方面成功开展了现场应用,实测有效声压强度?195 dB,验证了系统的可靠性,具有良好的应用前景。     

QCM based sensor for detecting volumetric properties of liquids

We introduce a microacoustic sensor, which combines the quartz crystal microbalance, a liquid-filled cavity and an intermediate artificial layer with effective acoustic properties. Each of the three components fulfils a specific task. The quartz vibrates in its thickness shear mode and acts as source and detector of shear waves, which penetrate the intermediate artificial layer and excite a resonance in the liquid-filled cavity. Both the piezoelectric transducer and the liquid-filled cavity are high-Q resonators with well-adjusted resonance frequencies very close to each other. The intermediate artificial layer couples the two resonators in a distinct manner via control of the propagation of acoustic waves between the quartz crystal and the liquid-filled cavity layer. The origin of the sensor signal is a change of the resonance frequency of the liquid-filled cavity caused by variations of acoustic properties of the liquid analyte inside the cavity, first of all speed of sound. This resonance appears as second resonance peak in the admittance spectrum of the quartz crystal.     

The effect of high-frequency acoustic wave vibration pattern on HKUST’s multi-level pore structure

The physical properties of materials are critical to their functionality, and the ability to control these properties using external forces is a significant challenge. In this study, we investigate the effect of three high frequency acoustic wave vibration patterns on the structure and morphology of MOF particles. Our results indicate that while regular vibration patterns generated by SAW can alter particle morphology, hybrid waves and Lamb waves with irregular vibration patterns can synthesise MOF crystals with multi-level pores. The vibration pattern of acoustic waves is shown to be a critical factor in controlling the particle morphology process. These results provide new insights into the precise control of crystal structure and the theory of crystallisation by particle attachment (CPA).     

电阻层析成像技术在两相流测量中的应用

过程层析成像技术能实时提供封闭管道、容器等过程设备内物场运动状态的二／三维测量信息,它为解决两相流参数的检测问题提供一种新的途径。本文以基于电学敏感原理的电阻层析成像技术为测量手段,实现在多相流实验装置上对气／水、油／水两相流二维／三维时空分布信息的实际测量;介绍了基于测量数据特性分析的在线流型识别技术和相含率的估计方法,应用现代数据处理和模式识别技术进行数据融合与提取,实现两相管流流型识别和分相含率的估计;通过开展相关测量的研究,初步实现两相流中离散相流量的测量。     

Retrieval of frequencies,amplitudes, damping factors,and phases from time-domain signals using a linear least-squares procedure

A new method for quantitative analysis of time-domain signals is reported. It amounts to fitting a function consisting of exponentially damped sinusoids with arbitrary phases to the data. By invoking the principle of linear prediction (LP) the fitting can be carried out by a linear least-squares (LS) procedure, and therefore needs no starting values The LS procedure is based on singular value decomposition (SVD), which enables one to distinguish between signal and noise. The method, denoted by LPSVD, yields a list comprising the frequency, damping factor, amplitude, and phase of each retrieved sinusoid. In addition, LPSVD is insensitive to truncation at the beginning and/or the end of the signal, and in fact is capable to accurately reconstruct the missing part. Preprocessing of the data is not necessary. Finally, the method achieves higher resolution than fast Fourier transformation.     

Novel optical sensor for simultaneous measurement of liquid concentration and temperature

The paper describes a new optical sensor for simultaneous liquid concentration and temperature measurement. Temperature-dependent semiconductor absorption at the band edge is used as the principle of the temperature measurement, and the sensor exploits beam deviation caused by refraction due to the liquid concentration at the receiving end face of the optical device. The light intensity peak value and its deviation are detected by a charge-coupled device (CCD), and then the measured optical signal is reflected by a reflecting pyramid prism. The sensor probe is composed of an intrinsically pure GaAs single crystal, a reflecting pyramid prism, a partitioned water cell. Theoretical analysis and preliminary experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed system.     

A Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on PAVME and MEDE

When rolling bearings have a local fault, the real bearing vibration signal related to the local fault is characterized by the properties of nonlinear and nonstationary. To extract the useful fault features from the collected nonlinear and nonstationary bearing vibration signals and improve diagnostic accuracy, this paper proposes a new bearing fault diagnosis method based on parameter adaptive variational mode extraction (PAVME) and multiscale envelope dispersion entropy (MEDE). Firstly, a new method hailed as parameter adaptive variational mode extraction (PAVME) is presented to process the collected original bearing vibration signal and obtain the frequency components related to bearing faults, where its two important parameters (i.e., the penalty factor and mode center-frequency) are automatically determined by whale optimization algorithm. Subsequently, based on the processed bearing vibration signal, an effective complexity evaluation approach named multiscale envelope dispersion entropy (MEDE) is calculated for conducting bearing fault feature extraction. Finally, the extracted fault features are fed into the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) to automatically identify different health conditions of rolling bearing. Case studies and contrastive analysis are performed to validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed method can not only effectively extract bearing fault features, but also obtain a high identification accuracy for bearing fault patterns under single or variable speed.     

Identification of winter tires using vibration signals generated on the road surface

During the winter, traffic regulations state that automobile drivers must use winter tires on unsafe roads such as snowy expressways. The present report is concerned with the development of an automatic tire identification system that can discriminate winter tires from summer tires with high accuracy. The system detects the impact vibration signal that is specifically generated by winter tires when tread blocks with wide grooves strike the road surface during rolling. The signal is picked up by a commercially available vibration sensor. If the signal contains specified impact frequency components, the tire is judged to be a winter tire. Compared with the previous identification system, which used airborne tire/road noise, the proposed system has two advantages. First, it is unaffected by meteorological factors such as wind noise. Second, the proposed system performs well even when the target vehicle is traveling at low speed. We evaluate the performance of the system outdoors using a number of vehicles with various tires and demonstrate an overall improvement in identification accuracy for vehicles traveling at low or moderate speeds.     

基于向量空间模型的岩屑LIBS光谱分类识别方法

向量空间模型最初用于文献检索,该模型是通过对文献内容进行特征文本提取后,将文献转换到文本向量空间,然后在文本向量空间中通过计算文献的特征文本向量与检索文本的特征文本向量的相似度,实现文献的检索,该方法基于模式识别中模板匹配的最近邻原则。针对光谱数据的特点和模式识别中模板匹配的基本原则,将向量空间模型引入基于样品光谱的分类识别。通过训练集中光谱数据获得各样品的光谱数据模板,提取训练集中各样品光谱数据模板特征峰的波长和相对强度信息,构建特征峰信息数据库,计算获得特征峰信息权值,将光谱数据转换到特征峰向量空间,获得各样品光谱数据模板的特征峰向量,构建样品特征峰向量数据库。同理获得预测集样品光谱的特征峰向量,在特征峰向量空间中通过计算预测集样品特征峰向量与样品特征峰向量数据库中各样品模板特征峰向量的余弦值,完成对预测集样品的分类识别。以岩屑样品的LIBS光谱为研究对象,将向量空间模型应用于LIBS光谱的分类识别。分类结果表明,该方法能够实现对岩屑样品LIBS全谱的快速分类识别,且在对预测集光谱数据进行平均处理后,分类准确率为100%。提出的基于向量空间模型的LIBS光谱分类方法可以拓展应用于其他光谱数据的分类识别。     

Measuring vibration by using fiber Bragg grating and demodulating it by blazed grating

A method of measuring vibration by using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and demodulating the spectrum by blazed grating is introduced. The sensor system is made of a simple supported beam with a FBG adhered to its upper surface. A blazed grating is used to demodulate the changing spectrum that is got from the sensor system, and a line charge-coupled device (CCD) is used to accept the diffraction spectrum.Through analyzing the number of the CCD's pixels, we can get the amplitude of vibration and the change of the temperature. The experimental results show that the vibration amplitude of the exciter matches the detected signal under the stable frequency. The temperature shift and vibration signal are also successfully separated.     

非本征F-P局部放电光纤传感器设计及灵敏度分析

为解决超声波法检测电力设备局部放电灵敏度低问题,提出一种采用石英膜片的全电介质结构的光纤法 珀超声传感器设计方法。为获得适于局放检测频响特性的法 珀传感器,根据弹性力学原理分析法 珀传感器固有频率随膜片尺寸参数变化规律,利用ANSYS有限元仿真方法设计3种不同结构尺寸的法 珀传感器。在绝缘油箱中采用信号发生器驱动压电陶瓷传感器发射50 kHz~250 kHz超声波,获得F P传感器的幅频特性曲线。F P1~F P3对板 板电极局放声信号检测实验表明,设计传感器一阶固有频率在150 kHz处可有效检测局放,且相同固有频率下F P传感器灵敏度随膜片厚度减小而显著提高。相同结构参数下腔长为130 m和100 m的F P传感器检测灵敏度前者是后者的2.47倍,实验结果表明增加F P腔长可提高传感器局放检测灵敏度。