Knight-field-enabled nuclear spin polarization in single quantum dots

We demonstrate dynamical nuclear-spin polarization in the absence of an external magnetic field by resonant circularly polarized optical excitation of a single electron or hole charged quantum dot. Optical pumping of the electron spin induces an effective inhomogeneous magnetic (Knight) field that determines the direction along which nuclear spins could polarize and enables nuclear-spin cooling by suppressing depolarization induced by nuclear dipole-dipole interactions. Our experiments constitute a first step towards a quantum measurement of the Overhauser field.     

准一维半导体量子点中电偶极自旋共振的物理机理

半导体量子点中的电子自旋具有较长相干时间以及可扩展性的特点, 在近十几年来引起了人们的广泛兴趣. 人们常常利用电子自旋共振技术来对单个自旋进行操纵. 这样不但需要一个静磁场来使电子产生赛曼劈裂, 同时还需要一个与之垂直的局域振荡磁场. 但是, 在实验上产生足够强且具有固定频率的局域磁场是比较困难的. 后来人们发现, 局域的振荡电场也可以操纵单个电子自旋, 也就是所谓的电偶极自旋共振. 众所周知, 自旋只有自旋磁矩, 不会与电场有任何直接的相互作用. 所以, 电偶极自旋共振的发生必须依赖于某些媒质. 这些媒质包括：量子点材料中的自旋轨道耦合作用, 量子点中的局域磁场梯度, 以及量子点中电子自旋与核自旋的超精细相互作用. 这些媒质能诱导出自旋与电场之间间接的相互作用, 从而外电场操纵单个电子自旋得以实现. 本文总结归纳了目前半导体量子点系统中发生电偶极自旋共振的三种主要物理机理.     

Optical pumping nuclear magnetic resonance system rotating in a plane parallel to the quantization axis

A model of an optical pumping nuclear magnetic resonance system rotating in a plane parallel to the quantization axis is presented. Different coordinate frames for nuclear spin polarization vector are introduced, and theoretical calculation is conducted to analyze this model. We demonstrate that when the optical pumping nuclear magnetic resonance system rotates in a plane parallel to the quantization axis, it will maintain a steady state with respect to the quantization axis which is independent of rotational speed and direction.     

Optical signatures of spin polarization of carriers in quantum dots

We predict theoretically the optical signatures of spin polarization of carriers in self-assembled quantum dots. The emission spectra are mapped out as a function of increasing electron spin polarization for a fixed number of electrons and holes. The spin-polarized spectra are determined using exact diagonalization techniques for up to 12 particles, corresponding to two lowest filled shells. We predict that the spin polarization leads to photon polarization, to redshifts of emission lines due to excess exchange interactions among the spin-polarized electrons, and to a complete breakup of emission lines for spin-polarized electronic shells.     

A spin switch device based on a triple quantum dots superlattice using the Dicke effect

Spin-dependent transport in a triple quantum dots superlattice system with a bridge coupling to two leads is studied. There exists an odd-even parity oscillation of spin polarization at the central dot level εc = 0 due to the spin-dependent Fano and Dicke effects induced by the quantum interference and the Rashba spin-orbit interaction. In the case of even numbers of triple quantum dots, the device can be used as a spin switch by tuning the energy difference h between the energies of the central and the lateral dots. These results may be helpful to design and fabricate practical spintronic devices.     

Mott散射和电子极化术

文章回顾了Mott散射过程及其物理图像,介绍了Sherman函数的定义、计算和测量,简述了探测自旋极化电子的仪器——Mott电子极化仪的一般设计,列举了获得自由极化电子的几种方法和原理.     

Mott散射和电子极化术

文章回顾了Mott散射过程及其物理图像，介绍了Sherman函数的定义、计算和测量，简述了探测自旋极化电子的仪器——Mott电子极化仪的一般设计，列举了获得自由极化电子的几种方法和原理．     

Enhancement of spin polarization in asymmetrically coupled CdSe and CdZnMnSe quantum dots in ZnSe matrix

An asymmetrically coupled double quantum dot (QD) system consisting of adjacent CdSe and CdZnMnSe QD layers in a ZnSe matrix was investigated using polarization-selective magneto-photoluminescence (PL). Two well-resolved PL peaks are observed corresponding, respectively, to the CdSe and the CdZnMnSe QDs. The peaks exhibit significant change in the intensity and energy position when a magnetic field is applied. The enhancement of the degree of σ⁻ circular polarization emitted by the non-magnetic CdSe QDs is observed in the double layer system, as compared to that observed in CdSe QDs without the influence of neighboring CdZnMnSe QDs. This behavior was discussed in terms of antiferromagnetic interaction between carrier spins localized in pairs of CdSe and CdZnMnSe QDs that are electronically coupled.     

The theory of nuclear orientation via electron spin locking (NOVEL)

Nuclear orientation via electron spin locking (NOVEL) is a technique to orient nuclear spins embedded in a solid. Like other methods of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) it employs a small amount of unpaired electron spins and uses a microwave field to transfer the polarization of these unpaired electron spins to the nuclear spins. Traditional DNP uses CW microwave fields, but NOVEL uses pulsed electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques: a 90 degree pulse–90 degree phase shift–locking pulse sequence is applied and during the locking pulse the polarization transfer is assured by satisfying the Hartmann–Hahn condition. The transfer is coherent and similar to coherence transfer between nuclear spins. However, NOVEL requires an extension of the existing theory to many, inequivalent nuclear spins and to arbitrary, i.e. high electron and nuclear spin polarization. In this paper both extensions are presented. The theory is applied to the system naphthalene doped with pentacene, where the proton spins are polarized using the photo-excited triplet states of the pentacene molecules and found to show excellent agreement with the experimentally observed evolution of the polarization transfer during the locking pulse.     

Dynamical spin polarization in single-layer graphene

In the present work the dynamical behavior of $\mathrm{\pi }\mathrm{-}\mathrm{electronic}$ spin in graphene is investigated. The $\mathrm{\pi }\mathrm{-}\mathrm{electron}$ is under the influence of a normal uniform magnetic field and the Rashba spin–orbit coupling. Introducing a Casimir operator, we show that the governing Hamiltonian and, consequently, the time-evolution matrix is block-diagonal. We then proceed to calculate the temporal behavior of different spin components, when it is initially in-plane polarized. Our calculations show that the spin is dynamically polarized in a plane normal to the graphene sheet and follows the patterns of collapse-revivals. The dependence of amplitudes as well as the collapse-revivals’ periods on the external field and the Rashba spin–orbit coupling is also reported.     

有机器件电流自旋极化放大性质研究

基于自旋扩散漂移方程,考虑到电场的影响及有机半导体中特殊的载流子电荷自旋关系, 对一个简单的T型结构有机自旋器件模型进行了理论研究,得出了此有机器件的电流自旋 极化放大率表达式.研究表明,器件中极化子比率、电场和电流密度都会影响器件的电流 自旋极化放大率,通过调节此有机器件的电场和极化子比率可以获得较大的电流自旋 极化放大率.     

Spin textures of strongly correlated spin Hall quantum dots

We study the spin ordering of a quantum dot defined via magnetic barriers in an interacting quantum spin Hall edge. The spin‐resolved density–density correlation functions are computed. We show that strong electron interactions induce a ground state with a highly correlated spin pattern. The crossover from the liquid‐type correlations at weak interactions to the ground state spin texture found at strong interactions parallels the formation of a one‐dimensional Wigner molecule in an ordinary strongly interacting quantum dot.

     

Generation and detection of spin polarization in parallel coupled double quantum dots connected to four terminals

A four-terminal parallel double quantum dots (QDs) device is proposed to generate and detect the spin polarization in QDs. It is found that the spin accumulation in QDs and the spin-polarized currents in the upper and down leads can be generated when a bias voltage is applied between the left and right leads. It is more interesting that the spin polarization in the QDs can be detected using the upper and down leads. Moreover, the direction and magnitude of the spin polarization in the QDs, and in the upper and down leads can be tuned by the energy levels of QDs and the bias.     

Current-induced spin polarization in a spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas with spin-orbit coupling

The current-induced spin polarization (CISP) is investigated in a combined Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit-coupled two-dimensional electron gas, subjected to a homogeneous out-of-plane magnetization. It is found that, in addition to the usual collision-related in-plane parts of CISP, there are two impurity-density-free contributions, arising from intrinsic and disorder-mediated mechanisms. The intrinsic parts of spin polarization are related to the Berry curvature, analogous with the anomalous and spin Hall effects. For short-range collision, the disorder-mediated spin polarizations completely cancel the intrinsic ones and the total in-plane components of CISP equal those for systems without magnetization. However, for remote disorders, this cancellation does not occur and the total in-plane components of CISP strongly depend on the spin-orbit interaction coefficients and magnetization for both pure Rashba and combined Rashba-Dresselhaus models.     

自旋光电流与电流诱导的电子自旋极化——半导体自旋电子学的新进展

文章通过自旋光电流与Kerr效应的实验，介绍在自旋一轨道耦合的体系中，如何通过自旋注入来驱动电子的运动产生电流，又如何反过来通过电子的运动或电流在系统中产生自旋激化．实验结果表明，自旋轨道耦合不但给我们提供了对自旋的操控手段，而且还给我们提供了用非磁性材料且无外加磁场条件下作为自旋源的新途径．     

P原子的光学模型势与核极化修正

基于SIC-X_α的较为严格的计算方法,对于Rydberg电子态的交换参数采用自洽场模型计算核极化,结果比文献[15[的计算方法要精确.另外文献[15]在计算P²³⁸U的能级跃迁时,模型还不够完善,存在着难以克服的弊端,计算结果也不可能准确.20世纪70年代初,Batty就进行强相互作用势模型的研究,经过二十几次不断探索与改进,在1997—2000年给出了光学模型势的正确形式.对Rydberg电子态的交换参数采用自洽场模型计算核极化,用以修正Batty光学模型势下的P²³⁸U能级跃迁,得到反质子原子的相应能级.结果与实验数据相当符合.连同π^-,K^-,∑^-,Ξ^-原子的情况支持了Batty光学模型势在描写核子间强相互作用的正确性,同时也表明计算核极化的方法是正确的,为反粒子原子及奇特原子的深入研究及应用提供了理论依据.     

Spin polarization of electrons in magnetic heterostructures

The scattering of nonspin-polarized electrons on a heterostructure containing a magnetic element (a nonmagnetic barrier adjoining a magnetic one from left or right, or a magnetic well between two nonmagnetic barriers) is considered. The transmission coefficients and degrees of the spin polarization of electrons transmitted through these structures are obtained.     

Optical pumping of the electronic and nuclear spin of single charge-tunable quantum dots

We present a comprehensive examination of optical pumping of spins in individual GaAs quantum dots as we change the net charge from positive to neutral to negative with a charge-tunable heterostructure. Negative photoluminescence polarization memory is enhanced by optical pumping of ground state electron spins, which we prove with the first measurements of the Hanle effect on an individual quantum dot. We use the Overhauser effect in a high longitudinal magnetic field to demonstrate efficient optical pumping of nuclear spins for all three charge states of the quantum dot.     

Recoil nuclear polarization in muon capture—Effect of target thickness and finite range of nuclear recoils

The effect of target thickness and finite range of nuclear recoils is investigated in the study of average and longitudinal polarizations of recoiling nuclei resulting from the capture of muons by spin zero target nuclei.     

Rashba自旋轨道耦合作用下电荷流散粒噪声与自旋极化的关系研究

根据存在自旋轨道耦合时基于散射理论的电流表达式和散粒噪声表达式,并利用自旋密度矩阵推导出沿自旋量子化坐标的自旋极化率表达式.解析计算了单通道的情况,发现自旋极化率和电荷流散粒噪声无关.由于多通道解析推导的困难,使用非平衡格林函数技巧,数值计算了包含自旋轨道耦合效应的纯净二维电子气的多通道情况.分别改变偏压、自旋轨道耦合系数、导体长度,研究了这三种不同条件下的自旋极化率与电荷流散粒噪声Fano因子的相关性.两者的相关性表明,相关性定量关系的建立可能为自旋极化的全电学检测提供新思路. 关键词： 散粒噪声 自旋极化 Rashba自旋轨道耦合 散射矩阵