基于容栅传感器的试件拉伸率在线测量装置

材料力学实验中在做破坏性拉伸试验时,需要测量拉断试件的长度,但是由于拉断试件测量时断口对接不紧密,以及人为读数误差等原因造成实验结果与理论值之间存在很大的差别.对此设计了基于容栅传感器的试件拉伸率自动测量装置,数字显示读数,提高了测量精度;同时该装置可以安装在机械加工设备上进行长度在线测量,提高加工效率.     

基于广义合成阻抗超声传感器电端匹配的研究

超声波测距具有非接触、高准确度、价格低和使用方便等优点,被广泛应用于工业生产、医学检查、日常生活,如无人驾驶汽车、机器人、液位计等。在这些应用中,超声波传感器是应用中的最关键部件之一。因此,本文在分析了超声波传感器在谐振频率点等效电路的基础上,分别采用无源电感和有源电感对超声换能器的发射探头和接收探头进行电端匹配,提高了收发探头的效率。实验表明,匹配方法是有效的。     

负载阻抗对直线变压器驱动源传递效率的影响

从理论及模拟仿真分析了负载阻抗变化对双线型脉冲形成网络直接给负载放电,以及通过直线变压器(LTD)给负载放电时电压传递效率、能量传递效率以及峰值功率传递效率的影响。基于设计加工的LTD单元模块实验平台,通过调节水电阻负载阻值进行了一系列实验。实验研究结果表明：当负载阻值基本与双线型脉冲形成网络的阻抗2.5 Ω相匹配时,可获得最大能量传递效率80.5%,此时电压传递效率、峰值功率传递效率分别为84.1%,73.9%;增大负载阻抗至3.4 Ω时,可实现99.0%的电压传递效率,而能量传递效率、峰值功率传递效率仅减小3.5%,0.3%。根据对实验结果的分析可知,通过增大负载阻抗可以有效地提高系统的电压传递效率,且当负载阻抗变化不是太大时,对系统的能量传递效率以及峰值功率传递效率影响较小。     

一种基于容栅编码器测量炮塔高精度动态转角的方法

容栅编码器是在传统容栅技术上发展起来的新型传感技术,针对目前炮塔相对地盘转角的高精度测试需求,提出了一种基于容栅编码器测量高精度动态转角的方法。结合炮塔环境,设计了容栅测角装置的安装方式,分析了测角装置的工作原理,通过机械结构设计和容栅编码器后续的电路设计,提高了其工作的稳定性与可靠性。对测角装置分别进行了实验室角度标定与某靶场实地试验,结果表明:该测角系统能够满足实际需求,具有断电保护、通电位置识别及零位记忆等功能,测试精度达60。     

Electrical Impedance Spectroscopic Study of CNT/Ethylene-alt-CO/Propylene-alt-CO Polyketones Nanocomposite

Impedance spectroscopy was utilized to investigate the dielectric properties, ac conductivity and charge transport mechanisms in propylene-alt-CO/ethylene-alt-CO (EPEC) random terpolymer filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as a function of nanofiller content, frequency, and temperature. Equivalent resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit models were proposed to describe the impedance characteristics of the unfilled terpolymer and the nanocomposite at different temperatures. For the nanocomposites, the ac conductivity tended to be frequency independent at low frequencies. At high frequencies, the ac conductivity increased with frequency. The dc conductivity (i.e., plateau of the ac conductivity at low frequencies) at room temperature increased from 10^?9 (Ω·m)^?1 for the unfilled polymer to l0^?3 (Ω·m)^?1 for the 6 wt% MWCNT/EPEC nanocomposite. At low temperatures, the equivalent RC model for EPEC-0 and EPEC-2 was found to consist of a parallel RC circuit. However, for 6 wt% MWCNT/EPEC nanocomposite, an RC model consisting of an R/constant phase element (CPE) circuit and a resistor in series was required to describe the impedance behavior of the nanocomposite.     

Electromechanical actuation of CNT/PVDF composite films based on a bridge configuration

Bridged strips consisting of carbon nanotubes and poly(vinylidene fluoride) are developed, which exhibit notable deflection in response to very low driven voltages( 1 V), because of both the excellent conductivity of the unique carbon nanotube film and the powerful thermal expansion capability of the polymer. The actuators demonstrate periodic vibrations motivated by the alternating signals. The amplitude of displacement is dependent not only on the driven voltage but also on the applied frequency. The mechanism of actuation is confirmed to be the thermal power induced by the electrical heating. By accelerating the dissipation of heat, the vibration response at higher frequencies can be significantly enhanced.The useful locomotion shows great promise in potential applications such as miniature smart devices and micro power generators.     

铜基碳纳米管薄膜的制备及其强流脉冲发射特性研究

为了研究碳纳米管薄膜的强流脉冲发射特性, 采用酞菁铁高温热解方法在机械抛光铜基底上直接生长了碳纳米管薄膜 (Cu-CNTs), Cu-CNTs生长方向各异. 在20 GW脉冲功率源系统中采用二极结构对Cu-CNTs的强流脉冲发射特性进行研究, 研究结果表明: 在单脉冲发射条件下, 随脉冲电场峰值的增大, Cu-CNTs薄膜的发射电流峰值呈线性增加, 当宏观场强为15.5 V/μ时, 发射脉冲电流的峰值可达到5.56 kA, 对应的发射电流密度0.283 kA/cm², 当宏观场强达到32.0 V/μ时, 发射脉冲电流的峰值可达到18.19 kA, 对应的发射电流密度0.927 kA/cm², 发射电流能力明显优于已有报道. 在相同峰值, 连续多脉冲情况下, 碳纳米管薄膜具有良好的发射可重复性, 且发射性能稳定. 关键词： 强流脉冲发射 碳纳米管 铜基底 稳定性     

A direct method for acoustic impedance measurement based on the measurement of electrical impedance of acoustic transmitter

A simple and straight forward method for acoustic impedance measurement is presented and evaluated. In this method a speaker is used as the signal source. The relationship between the electrical impedance of the speaker and its acoustical load is developed and studied. It is shown that the electrical current and voltage of the speaker relate to the acoustical pressure and volume velocity. The mechanical and acoustical impedances are therefore easily derived by measuring the electrical current and voltage of the circuit. The proposed method yield itself to the automatic computer measurement and can be used for the field and in situ measurements.Comparison of the measurement data with those from other methods proves the applicability and accuracy of the proposed method.     

基于自组装膜的光纤错位型氨气传感器

演示了一种基于单壁碳纳米管（SWCNTs）-聚合物自组装复合膜的光纤错位型氨气传感器。通过层层自组装技术在高Q谐振器上涂覆薄膜,薄膜上存在大量的游离羧基以及较大的比表面积,这提供了光与薄膜之间的强相互作用,以及对氨气的高吸附性和选择性。光谱随氨气浓度影响的有效折射率而变化。在(10～37) ×10⁻⁶的低浓度范围内,光谱变化与氨气浓度差之比即灵敏度为13.25 pm/10⁻⁶,检测极限为3.77 ×10⁻⁶并且具有良好的线性。这项工作研制为低浓度和高选择性氨气传感器提供了一种有效的方法。     

Flexible Graphene‐, Graphene‐Oxide‐, and Carbon‐Nanotube‐Based Supercapacitors and Batteries

Flexible energy‐storage devices increasingly attract attention owing to their advantages of providing lightweight, portable, wearable, or implantable capabilities. Many efforts are made to explore the structures and fabrication processes of flexible energy‐storage devices for commercialization. Here, the most recent advances in flexible energy‐storage devices based on graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), are described, including flexible supercapacitors and batteries. First, properties, synthesis methods, and possible applications of those carbon‐based materials are described. Then, the development of carbon‐nanotube‐based flexible supercapacitors, graphene/graphene‐oxide‐based flexible supercapacitors, and graphene‐ and carbon‐nanotube‐based flexible battery electrodes are discussed. Finally, the future trends and perspectives in the development of flexible energy‐storage devices are highlighted.     

Carbon nanotube-cuprous oxide composite based pressure sensors

In this paper,we present the design,the fabrication,and the experimental results of carbon nanotube (CNT) and Cu 2 O composite based pressure sensors.The pressed tablets of the CNT-Cu 2 O composite are fabricated at a pressure of 353 MPa.The diameters of the multiwalled nanotubes (MWNTs) are between 10 nm and 30 nm.The sizes of the Cu 2 O micro particles are in the range of 3-4 μm.The average diameter and the average thickness of the pressed tablets are 10 mm and 4.0 mm,respectively.In order to make low resistance electric contacts,the two sides of the pressed tablet are covered by silver pastes.The direct current resistance of the pressure sensor decreases by 3.3 times as the pressure increases up to 37 kN/m 2.The simulation result of the resistance-pressure relationship is in good agreement with the experimental result within a variation of ±2%.     

Nonisothermal Crystallization Kinetics and Microhardness of PP/CNT Composites

The nonisothermal crystallization kinetics and microhardness of nanocomposites consisting of a polypropylene matrix (PP) and carbon nanotube filler (CNT) have been investigated. Three types of PP matrixes have been used: two of them are nonfunctionalized PP that differ slightly in their melt flow index, whereas the third is grafted with maleic anhydride (MA). Ozawa formalism has been used to study the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics. The results show that the CNT filler has a nucleation role in the nonisothermal crystallization of PP. For all nanocomposites, the nonisothermal crystallization rate increases up to 4% CNT and then decreases slightly or remains almost constant at the higher filler content. This fact has been interpreted in terms of an aggregation of the particles at high filler concentration, which leads to a decrease of the nucleation ability of the filler because the number of heterogeneous nuclei decreases. The crystallization mechanism of the PP matrixes almost does not change in the presence of the CNT filler. The microhardness of the two nonfunctionalized PP increases when the filler content increases and then remains constant above a certain filler content. The experimental microhardness values of the composites based on the functionalized PP are lower than those of the corresponding calculated additive values. The decrease of the creep constant with the filler addition is not significant, as should be expected when inorganic filler is added to a polymer matrix. This is due to the very fine dispersion of the fillers into the polymer matrix at the nanoscale level.     

基于银纳米线电极-rGO敏感材料的柔性NO2气体传感器

使用银纳米线作为材料制备柔性叉指电极,用还原氧化石墨烯(reduced graphene oxide, rGO)作为气体敏感材料制备出柔性气体传感器,并研究其对二氧化氮气体的响应特性以及柔韧性能.实验结果表明,制备的以银纳米线作为电极的r GO气体传感器可以实现室温下对浓度为5-50 ppm (1 ppm=10^–6)的NO2气体的检测,对50 ppm的NO2的响应能够达到1.19,传感器的重复性较好,恢复率能够保持在76%以上,传感器的灵敏度是0.00281 ppm^-1,对浓度为5 ppm的NO2气体的响应时间是990 s,恢复时间是1566 s.此外,传感器在0°-45°的弯曲角度下仍表现出优异的电学特性与气体传感性能,所制备的器件具有相对稳定的导电性和较好的弯曲耐受性.     

Study on the impedance of aligned carbon microcoils embedded in silicone rubber matrix

This paper reports that carbon microcoils are grown through a chemical vapour deposit process, they are then embedded in silicone rubber, and manipulated to parallel with each other along their axes in the resulting composite. The impedance |Z| as well as phase angle θ of both the original carbon microcoil sheets and the aligned carbon microcoil/silicone rubber composites are measured. The results illustrate that carbon microcoils in different forms show different alternating current electric properties. The aligned carbon microcoils in the composites show stable parameters for f<10⁴ Hz but a sharp decrease in both |Z| and θ for frequencies >10⁴ Hz, which will also change as the carbon microcoils are extended. But, the original sheets have a pure resistance with their parameters stable throughout the entire alternating current frequency range investigated.     

Highly transparent and flexible field electron emitters based on hybrid carbon nanostructure

We demonstrate a unique strategy to fabricate highly transparent and flexible field electron emitters (FEEs) based on combined carbon nanostructures, i.e., conical nanocarbon structures (CNCSs) and single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The combined structure was prepared by spray coating of 1,2‐dichloroethane (DCE) dispersed SWNTs onto neon ion (Ne⁺) irradiation induced CNCSs on nafion substrate. The field emission (FE) property of SWCNTs on both flat nafion and CNCSs surfaces increased with increasing the SWCNTs amount. The best FE result was attained for the highest amount of SWCNTs on the CNCSs substrate. This kind of collective structures is found to be effective emitters on transparent and flexible ion‐irradiated nafion substrate. Moreover, the combined carbon nanostructures showed improved transparency and emission performance compared to the individual nanostructures. The FE properties of 0.5 ml SWCNTs solution on CNCSs surfaces were equal to those of 1.5 ml SWCNTs solution on flat nafion surface. The hybrid structure based emitters (CNCSs and SWCNTs) produced by this method are lower‐cost cathode materials than hybrid structures of SWCNTs and flat nafion. Thus the combined nanostructures of SWCNTs/CNCSs might have huge prospects for the fabrication of efficient transparent and flexible FEEs and their broad application in next‐generation portable display devices. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

基于阻抗匹配条件的树枝状超材料吸收器

基于树枝状金属结构单元的电磁谐振特性,设计了一种双面大小树枝状结构的超材料吸收器,该结构分别是正面二级树枝及正对的背面三级树枝.通过仿真模拟设计了不同的阻抗匹配方式,调节相应的结构参数,找到了阻抗匹配对吸收特性的影响.在最佳的阻抗匹配条件下,得到最大吸收率.实验测量表明,阻抗匹配条件下双面大小树枝模型可以实现90.01%吸收率.增加样品层数可以有效的增加吸收率,3层样品就可以达到99%以上的吸收率,实现工程意义的完美吸收.     

基于生物阻抗谱成像的生物组织检测方法

基于电阻抗成像技术和生物阻抗谱技术,提出一种面向生物组织检测的生物阻抗谱成像方法.该方法将目标区域可视化并精准识别目标种类,可用于肺癌早期检测,协助临床医生对早期肺癌进行精准检测,提高早期肺癌的治愈率.本文通过数值仿真的方法验证生物阻抗谱成像方法在肺癌早期检测中的可行性和有效性,仿真结果表明:1)生物阻抗谱成像方法可以实现早期肺癌区域的可视化,并精确判别出早期肺癌种类; 2)生物阻抗谱成像方法中阻抗谱的最佳采集模式是4次循环采集,最佳分类器是Linear-SVM, 5折交叉验证的平均分类准确率可以达到99.9%.为了验证仿真结果,本文选取3种具有不同电学特性的生物组织模拟癌变区域进行了检测.实验结果表明该方法可以对生物组织区域可视化,并判别出生物组织的种类.该方法可以兼顾电阻抗成像和生物阻抗谱方法的优点,有望用于肺癌早期检测.     

微细管碳纳米管悬浮液强制对流换热实验研究

测量了水平微细圆管内蒸馏水和不同质量浓度的水基多壁碳纳米管纳米流体在低雷诺数下的强制对流换热特性。实验结果表明,与蒸馏水相比,纳米流体的对流换热系数显著提高,且随质量浓度和管内雷诺数的增大而增大;并且研究了流体管内流动阻力特性,得到的泊肃叶数f·Re值随着雷诺数的变化不明显,但纳米流体的f·Re值要明显小于纯水。     

Transparent and flexible field emission display device based on single‐walled carbon nanotubes

A fully transparent and flexible field emission device (FED) has been demonstrated. Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) coated on arylite substrate were used as electron emitters for the FED and a novel metavanadate phosphor coated on the SWCNTs/arylite film was used as transparent and flexible screen. The SWCNTs/arylite based emitters and the SWCNTs/arylite/metal‐vanadate‐based phosphor showed a transmittance value of 92.6% and 54%, respectively. The assembled device also showed satisfactory transparency and flexibility as well as producing significant current. Metavanadate phosphor is considered to be an excellent candidate due to its superior luminescence properties and easy fabrication onto transparent and flexible conductive substrate at room temperature while retaining reasonable transparency of the substrate. Thus, its transparency and flexibility will open the door to next‐generation FEDs. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)