Experimental and theoretical study of the ν(HF) absorption band structure in the H2O…HF complex

The νHF absorption band shape of the H₂O…HF complex is studied in the gas phase at a temperature of 293 K. The spectra of H₂O/HF gaseous mixtures in the range 4000–3400 cm^?1 are recorded at a resolution of 0.2–0.02 cm^?1 with Bruker IFS-113v and Bruker IFS-120 HR vacuum Fourier spectrometers in a 20-cm cell. The spectra of the H₂O…HF complex in the region of the ν₁(HF) absorption band are obtained by subtracting the calculated spectra of free H₂O and HF molecules from the experimental spectrum. The ν₁ band of the H₂O…HF complex has an asymmetric shape with a low-frequency head, an extended high-frequency wing, and a characteristic vibrational structure. Two approaches are used to calculate the ν1 band shape as a superposition of rovibrational bands of the fundamental and hot transitions involving the low-frequency modes of the complex. The first approach is based on a simplified semiempirical procedure. The second approach relies on a nonempirical anharmonic calculation of the vibrational energy levels, the frequencies and intensities of the corresponding transitions, and the rotational constants. These parameters are obtained by calculating ab initio the potential energy and dipole moment surfaces in the second-order Möller-Plesset approximation and using the variational method to solve one-, two-, and three-dimensional anharmonic vibrational problems. The absorption spectrum of the complex in the range 3600–3720 cm^?1, reconstructed using the nonempirical electro-optical parameters, reproduces rather well the main features of the experimental spectrum, including the relative intensities of peaks of the vibrational structure. However, the interpretation of most of the structural features of the spectrum differs from that adopted in the semiempirical scheme. First of all, it follows from the results of nonempirical calculation that the central, most intense, maximum of the experimental spectrum should correspond to the v ₁=1←0 transition from the ground vibrational state. This fact gives rise to a new value of the vibrational transition frequency ν ₁ ⁰ in the H₂O…HF complex equal to 3635 cm^?1, which is higher than the commonly accepted value of 3608 cm^?1.     

Study on 222–226Th Isotopes in the Cranking Framework

The yrast spectra, quadrupole moments, quadrupole deformation parameters (β ₂), non-axiality parameters (γ), root mean-square radii for protons and neutrons, occupation probabilities, moment of inertia (I), and B(E2) transition probabilities are calculated for ^222–226Th in the cranked Hartree–Bogoliubov framework. The calculations employ a quadrupole-quadrupole plus pairing model of residual interaction operating in a reasonably large valence space outside the ¹⁶⁴Pb core. Our calculations reproduce qualitatively the observed yrast spectra in ^222–226Th up to spin 20⁺. The calculated results indicate that the non-axiality parameter decreases as one moves along the yrast states. The observed increase in deformation from ²²²Th to ²²⁶Th is due to the increase in the occupation of low-k components of $(2g_{9/2})_{\pi }$ and $(1j_{{15/2}})_{\nu }$ orbits. The model parameters reproduce not only the moment of inertia, deformation, and transition probabilities but also the proton and neutron pairing gaps and are the most appropriate for cranking studies in this region.     

Density functional study on the bimetallic Ti_mZr_n(n+m ≤ 5) clusters and their interactions with H_2

Equilibrium geometries, stabilities, and electronic properties of small Ti_mZr_n(n + m ≤ 5) clusters were investigated using the density functional method. The ground states were determined, and it was found that the larger clusters and those consisting of more Zr atoms are more stable. The electronic properties of the clusters were discussed based on HOMO-LUMO gaps, vertical ionization potentials(VIP), and vertical electron affinities(VEA). Furthermore, we studied the interactions between those clusters and molecular hydrogen, and found that in all the cases dissociative chemisorptions occurred. According to the chemisorption energies, the pure Zr clusters are relatively more active towards H_2 when compared with the others except Ti_3Zr, which shows the highest activity. The magnetic moments of Ti_mZr_n and Ti_mZr_nH_2 were also compared, and the results show that the hydrogenated clusters have the same or decreased total magnetic moments with respect to the bare clusters except for Ti_3Zr_2.     

The effect of the hydrogen fluoride chain on the aromaticity of C6H6 in the C6H6···(HF)1–4 complexes

The effect of the hydrogen fluoride chain ((HF)_n) on the aromaticity and π character of C–C bonds of C₆H₆ in the C₆H₆···(HF)_n (n = 1–4) complexes were investigated using density functional theory employing RM05 functional. It was found that the binding energy between C₆H₆ and different (HF)_n chains showed a maximum at n = 3 (C₆H₆···(HF)₃). Also, the π–hydrogen interaction (πHI) and the bifurcated fluorine interaction (BFI) increased and decreased the π character of the C–C bond of C₆H₆, respectively. In addition, the change of aromaticity of the C₆H₆ due to the interaction with the HF chains was also studied using three different aspects such as aromatic fluctuation index (FLU), average two centre index (ATI) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (HNMR) spectrum. The most change in the aromaticity happens when the C₆H₆ interacts with (HF)₃ chain. The variation of aromaticity with the binding energy and the summation of two-body terms were investigated and very good linear correlations were observed.     

Structure–semantics interplay in complex networks and its effects on the predictability of similarity in texts

The classification of texts has become a major endeavor with so much electronic material available, for it is an essential task in several applications, including search engines and information retrieval. There are different ways to define similarity for grouping similar texts into clusters, as the concept of similarity may depend on the purpose of the task. For instance, in topic extraction similar texts mean those within the same semantic field, whereas in author recognition stylistic features should be considered. In this study, we introduce ways to classify texts employing concepts of complex networks, which may be able to capture syntactic, semantic and even pragmatic features. The interplay between various metrics of the complex networks is analyzed with three applications, namely identification of machine translation (MT) systems, evaluation of quality of machine translated texts and authorship recognition. We shall show that topological features of the networks representing texts can enhance the ability to identify MT systems in particular cases. For evaluating the quality of MT texts, on the other hand, high correlation was obtained with methods capable of capturing the semantics. This was expected because the golden standards used are themselves based on word co-occurrence. Notwithstanding, the Katz similarity, which involves semantic and structure in the comparison of texts, achieved the highest correlation with the NIST measurement, indicating that in some cases the combination of both approaches can improve the ability to quantify quality in MT. In authorship recognition, again the topological features were relevant in some contexts, though for the books and authors analyzed good results were obtained with semantic features as well. Because hybrid approaches encompassing semantic and topological features have not been extensively used, we believe that the methodology proposed here may be useful to enhance text classification considerably, as it combines well-established strategies.     

First-principles study on the doping effects of Al in α-MnO2

In this paper, first-principles calculations have been implemented to study the structural relaxation, formation energies and electronic structure of Al doped α-MnO₂. Both Al insertion and Al substitution reactions in the α-MnO₂ were considered. Calculated formation energies indicate that Mn atom is easier to be displaced by Al atom under the O-rich growth condition compared with Al insertion reaction. Besides, it can be found that Al doping can afford acceptor impurity level which can accommodate electrons, thus contributing to the improvement of conductivity of α-MnO₂. The conductivity of α-MnO₂ is gradually improved with the increasing doping concentration of Al, and Al_0.0417Mn_0.9583O₂ exhibits the best conductivity. Lastly, the electronic structure of Al_0.0417Mn_0.9583O₂ was further investigated by analysis of total charge density and Bader charge. It is clear that Al doping can afford more electrons for α-MnO₂, which also contributes to improvement of its conductivity.     

Resistive switching effects on the spatial distribution of phases in metal–complex oxide interfaces

In order to determine the key parameters that control the resistive switching mechanism in metal–complex oxides interfaces, we have studied the electrical properties of metal/YBa₂Cu₃O₇−δ${\mathrm{O}}_7-\delta$ (YBCO) interfaces using metals with different oxidation energy and work function (Au, Pt, Ag) deposited by sputtering on the surface of a YBCO ceramic sample. By analyzing the IV$\mathit{IV}$ characteristics of the contact interfaces and the temperature dependence of their resistance, we inferred that ion migration may generate or cancel conducting filaments, which modify the resistance near the interface, in accordance with the predictions of a recent model.     

Drug–DNA interaction: A theoretical study on the binding of thionine with DNAs of varying base composition

The recent studies carried out on the binding of small molecule to deoxyribonucleic acids suggested that the intercalation of a tricyclic heteroaromatic molecule, thionine, with natural DNAs provided thermal stabilization to the DNA complex. In the present study, we reported theoretical analysis of thionine binding with natural DNAs of varying base composition by using an amended Zimm and Bragg theory, to explain the melting behaviour and heat capacity of DNAs with and without thionine binding. We used experimental models of Paul et al. for implementing this study (Paul et al., 2010). The sharpness of transition has been examined in terms of half width and sensitivity parameter (ΔH/σ). The results of theoretical analysis concluded that the various parameters such as heat capacity curve, transition profile, half widths and sharpness of the transition are in good agreement with the experimental measurements for binding of thionine determined through DSC. The theoretical analysis proposed in this study, therefore, may be useful to understand interaction of small molecules with deoxyribonucleic acids. This approach may also be applied to design DNA binding therapeutic molecules and in the process of drug formulation and development.     

密度泛函理论研究Pu+O_2反应机理及键的特点

通过建立Pu与O_2反应的理论模型,采用密度泛函理论(DFT)系统研究了钚原子与氧气分子的微观反应机理.优化了反应势能面上各驻点的几何结构,并用频率分析方法和内禀反应坐标(IRC)方法验证了过渡态,得到了该反应的反应势能曲线和微观反应路径.此外,用分子中的原子理论(AIM)和电子定域函数(ELF)理论方法探究了反应过程中各原子间化学键的演化特点.结果表明,这一反应体系有两条不同的反应路径,反应产物分别是PuO_2和Pu O+O;能量分析表明,生成PuO_2的反应更容易发生.     

密度泛函理论研究Pu+O2反应机理及键的特点

通过建立Pu与O2反应的理论模型,采用密度泛函理论(DFT)系统研究了钚原子与氧气分子的微观反应机理。优化了反应势能面上各驻点的几何结构,并用频率分析方法和内禀反应坐标(IRC)方法验证了过渡态,得到了该反应的反应势能曲线和微观反应路径。此外,用分子中的原子理论（AIM）和电子定域函数(ELF)理论方法探究了反应过程中各原子间化学键的演化特点。结果表明,这一反应体系有两条不同的反应路径,反应产物分别是PuO2和PuO+O; 能量分析表明,生成PuO2的反应更容易发生。     

Linear response function of the Mayer bond order: an indicator to describe intrinsic chemical reactivity of molecules

We here formulate and implement linear response function (LRF) of the Mayer bond order (MBO), which is expected to be a new indicator to describe intrinsic chemical reactivity of molecules. We calculate LRFs of the MBOs of para-substituted benzoic acids, and compare the results with the Hammett substituent constants and computational results of acid dissociation constants that were previously reported. The results are discussed from the viewpoint of the applicability of LRF of the MBO to estimate the relative reactivity of the substituted benzoic acids.     

Weak-Localization Effect on the Density of States in Disordered d-wave Superconductors

The weak-localization effect on the quasiparticle density of states (DOS) is studied with the diagrammatic technique in the binary-alloy model of disordered two-dimensional d-wave superconductors both in the Born and the unitary limits. We derive in details the expressions of the Goldstone modes (cooperon and diffuson) for quasiparticle diffuson. For generic Fermi surfaces, the DOS is shown to be subject to a quantum interference correction of logarithmic suppression. In the combined limit of unitarity and nested Fermi surface (the UN limit), it is found that the self-energy diagrams with two π-mode diffusons make additional contributions to the weak-localization effect, which has not been considered in the previous diagrammatic analysis. Due to the contributions of these new diagrams, the DOS in the UN limit is shown to have also a negative logarithmic correction, which is qualitatively different from the previous prediction.     

聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯二聚体键离能的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)二聚体的键离能进行了计算.为了选取较为精确的方法来计算PBT各个键的键离能,以与PBT具有相同的酯基官能团的乙酸乙酯为模型参照物.采用M062X, B3P86, M06, PBE0, wB97xD方法分别在基组6-31G(d), 6-311G(d), 6-311+G(d, p), 6-311++G(d, p), cc-pVDZ, cc-pVTZ水平下对乙酸乙酯的键离能进行计算.通过对比计算结果与iBonD数据库的乙酸乙酯实验测定值可知,M062X在基组6-311G(d)水平下计算结果与实验值最为接近.因此,本研究采用M062X方法在基组6-311G(d)水平下对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)二聚体的键离能进行计算.计算结果表明：在PBT的各键中C-C_arcmatic键的键离能最大,主链上的C-C键离能最小,为370.9 kJ/mol.其次就是C-O键,为404.6 kJ/mol.基于PBT键离能的计算结果,设计了3条PBT二聚体热降解过程可能形成的反应路径,分析了热解产物的形成机理.结果表明PBT二聚体热解过程可...     

Weak-Localization Effect on the Density of States in Disordered d-wave Superconductors

The weak-localization effect on the quasiparticle density of states (DOS) is studied with the diagrammatic technique in the binary-alloy model of disordered two-dimensional d-wave superconductors both in the Born and the unitary limits. We derive in details the expressions of the Goldstone modes (cooperon and diffuson) for quasiparticle diffuson. For generic Fermi surfaces, the DOS is shown to be subject to a quantum interference correction of logarithmic suppression. In the combined limit of unitarity and nested Fermi surface (the UN limit), it is found that the self-energy diagrams with two π-mode diffusons make additional contributions to the weak-localization effect, which has not been considered in the previous diagrammatic analysis. Due to the contributions of these new diagrams, the DOS in the UN limit is shown to have also a negative logarithmic correction, which is qualitatively different from the previous prediction.     

NH_3与MgH_2反应机理的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法研究了NH_3与MgH_2的放氢反应机理,在6-311G(d,p)基组水平上对反应物、中间体、过渡态及产物进行了全几何参数优化.频率分析和内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算证实了中间体和过渡态的正确性和相互连接关系.计算结果表明:反应分两步单通道的氢取代过程,且反应过程相类似,反应生成Mg(NH_2)_2和2H_2.两步氢取代反应所释放的H_2中两个H原子分别来源于NH_3和MgH_2.反应脱氢的关键在于克服N—H键断裂所需能量.     

NH_3与CaH_2反应机理的密度泛函理论研究

基于密度泛函理论(DFT)当中的B3LYP(杂化密度泛函)方法,于6-311G(d,p)基组水平上对NH_3与CaH_2的反应机理进行了计算分析,对反应过程中的反应物、中间体、过渡态及产物进行了全几何参数优化,得到其构型和基本参数.对得到的中间体和过渡态进行频率分析和内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算,以证实中间体和过渡态的正确性和相互连接关系.使用QCISD方法在6-311G(d,p)基组水平对各驻点的单点能进行计算,给出能量信息.计算结果表明:CaH_2与NH_3主要以摩尔比为1:2进行反应,分两步氢取代过程,生成产物Ca(NH2)2和2H2.反应所释放的H2中两个H原子分别来源于CaH_2和NH_3,反应的关键是脱氢,主要在于克服N—H键断裂所需能量.相比较而言从NH_3中脱氢比从—NH2中脱氢较易.     

NH3与MgH2反应机理的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法研究了NH3与MgH2的放氢反应机理,在6-311G(d, p)基组水平上对反应物、中间体、过渡态及产物进行了全几何参数优化。频率分析和内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算证实了中间体和过渡态的正确性和相互连接关系。计算结果表明。反应分两步单通道的氢取代过程,且反应过程相类似,反应生成Mg(NH2)2和2H2。两步氢取代反应所释放的H2中两个H原子分别来源于NH3和MgH2。反应脱氢的关键在于克服N—H键断裂所需能量。     

NH3与BeH2反应机理的密度泛函理论研究

金属-N-H体系储氢材料在放氢反应过程中往往伴随着NH3的释放,且NH3会对材料的储放氢性能产生重要影响.采用密度泛函理论当中的杂化密度泛函(B3LYP)方法,6-311G(d,p)基组水平上对NH3与BeH2的微观反应机理进行了理论计算分析,对得到的中间体和过渡态进行频率计算和内禀反应坐标(IRC)分析,以判断中间体和过渡态的正确性和相互连接关系.使用QCISD方法在6-311G(d,p)基组水平对各驻点的单点能进行计算,给出能量信息.计算结果表明:BeH2与NH3主要以摩尔比为1:2进行反应,分两步氢取代过程,生成产物Be(NH2)2和2H2.反应所释放的H2中两个H原子分别来源于BeH2和NH3,反应的关键是脱氢,主要在于克服N-H键断裂所需能量.相比较而言从NH3中脱氢比从-NH2中脱氢较易.