具有次近邻相互作用的五量子比特XXZ海森伯自旋链的热纠缠

研究具有次近邻相互作用五量子比特XXZ海森伯自旋链在磁场作用下的热纠缠性质,利用数值计算求出最近邻两量子比特和次近邻两量子比特的共生纠缠度(concurrence),分别记为C_(12)和C_(13).研究结果表明,阻挫参数对配对热纠缠具有重要影响,而且阻挫参数的变化对C_(12)和C_(13)的影响也各不相同;温度、磁场、Dzyaloshinkii-Moriya相互作用以及各向异性参数对配对热纠缠有着不同程度的影响;通过选择适当的模型参数,可以有效地调节和提高五量子比特XXZ海森伯自旋链的配对热纠缠.     

核磁共振氢谱中二苯基乙二胺衍生物手性识别其结构类似物

本文通过手性二苯基乙二胺与异氰酸酯的衍生化反应,合成了一种C₂对称的手性主体1.该主体可以手性识别其结构类似物：α-苯乙胺（客体2）、α-对甲氧基苯乙胺（客体9）以及它们的衍生物（客体3~8和10~13）.高分辨核磁共振氢谱（¹H NMR）显示了对映体识别中主客体间的氢键作用.结果表明,除含2个NO₂的客体7和12外,主体1可以较易识别含有两个伯胺的脲和酰胺衍生物.研究还发现,主体1对脲衍生物2、9比对酰胺衍生物有更强的氢键作用,此外主体1对（R）和（S）-脲衍生物中的CHCH₃基团也有更高的辨识能力.     

海森堡XYZ自旋链系统的热纠缠与局域量子不确定性研究

研究了热平衡温度,自旋交换相互作用,Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya(DM)相互作用及外加非一致性磁场对两比特海森堡XYZ自旋链量子系统的热纠缠与局域量子不确定度的影响,对比分析了并发度量子纠缠与局域量子不确定度描述自旋链系统量子关联的差别.结果表明自旋链系统的量子纠缠在热平衡温度,DM相互作用及外加磁场的非一致性参数的变化情况下均会出现纠缠突然死亡的再生现象,而自旋链系统的局域量子不确定度随着这些参数呈连续变化现象.并且,自旋交换相互作用,DM相互作用及外加横向磁场作用强度较小时,他们的变化对自旋链系统的量子纠缠与局域量子不确定度的影响有着明显的差别.     

吡喃葡糖基氮杂环卡宾-钯(II)-吡啶配合物的NMR研究

以溴化1-（2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基）-3-丁基咪唑盐（化合物1）、吡啶和醋酸钯为原料,快速合成了空气稳定的1-（2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基）-3-丁基-咪唑-2-亚基]-溴化钯（II）-吡啶（配合物2）.配合物2的结构中存在乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基,糖环上有多个手性碳,其核磁共振氢谱（¹H NMR）和碳谱（¹³C NMR）较复杂,不易归属.本文通过元素分析对配合物2的组成进行表征,运用1D和2D NMR技术（包括¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、DEPT135、DEPT90、DEPT45、COSY、¹H-¹³C HSQC、¹H-¹³C HMBC）对配合物2的¹H和¹³C NMR信号进行全归属.研究发现,在乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基的稠环上多个弱配位的氧和乙酰基氧原子上孤电子对的作用下,配合物2的氮杂环卡宾-钯（II）-吡啶金属键形成对稠环上碳氢化学环境的影响比对丁基的影响更为明显.     

Thermal Entanglement in Two-Qutrit Heisenberg XX Chain with Different Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction and Nonuniform Magnetic Field

The effects of the different Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction on thermal entanglement of a two-qutrit Heisenberg XX spin chain in a nonuniform magnetic field are investigated. Our results imply that the x-component DM interaction plays a central role in enhancing quantum entanglement and it has a higher critical temperature than the z-component DM interaction. The entanglement can be tunable controlled by changing the multiple of the magnetic fields B₁ and B₂. Also we found that different DM interaction are competitive to each other in some conditions.     

三个C19-二萜生物碱的NMR数据全归属

C₁₉-二萜生物碱结构复杂多样,核磁共振（NMR）结构鉴定困难.本文从独龙乌头中分离得到三个C₁₉-二萜生物碱：taronenine E（1）、chasmaconitine（2）和vilmorisine（3）,综合运用多种NMR技术（包括¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、DEPT、¹H-¹H COSY、HSQC和HMBC）,对其NMR数据进行了完整归属和部分修正,为该类化合物的深入研究提供了参考.     

Classical Communication and Entanglement Cost in Preparing a Class of Multi-qubit States

Recently, several similar protocols [J. Opt. B 4 （2002） 380; Phys. Lett. A 316 （2003） 159; Phys. Lett. A 355 （2006） 285; Phys. Lett. A 336 （2005） 317] for remotely preparing a class of multi-qubit states （i.e, α[0...0〉 ＋β[1... 1〉） were proposed, respectively. In this paper, by applying the controlled-not （CNOT） gate, a new simple protocol is proposed for remotely preparing such class of states. Compared to the previous protocols, both classical communication cost and required quantum entanglement in our protocol are remarkably reduced. Moreover, the difficulty of identifying some quantum states in our protocol is also degraded. Hence our protocol is more economical and feasible.     

3-氧,11α-羟基、Δ12-齐墩果烯及其类似化合物的13C NMR分析

化合物1-8属于近似结构的齐墩果烷型三萜,它们分别为:β-amyrin(1);3-氧,Δ^11,13(18)-齐墩果二烯(2);3β-羟基,Δ^11,13(18)-齐墩果二烯(3);3β,24-二羟基,Δ11,13(18)-齐墩果二烯(4);3,11-二氧,Δ¹²-齐墩果烯(5);3-氧,Δ9^(11),12-齐墩果二烯(6);3-氧,11α-羟基,Δ¹²-齐墩果烯(7);3β,11α-二羟基,Δ¹²-齐墩果烯(8).它们的¹³C NMR化学位移归属已确定,并通过了DEPT谱的验证.按结构特点分为三组:2~4为第一组,1,5,7,8为第二组,6为第三组.本文重点讨论了它们的¹³C NMR化学位移由其结构特点引起的变化,得到了化学位移与结构相关的有意义的结果.     

Emergent O(4) symmetry at the phase transition from plaquette-singlet to antiferromagnetic order in quasi-two-dimensional quantum magnets

Recent experiments [Guo et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 206602(2020)] on thermodynamic properties of the frustrated layered quantum magnet SrCu_2(BO_3)_2-the Shastry–Sutherland material-have provided strong evidence for a lowtemperature phase transition between plaquette-singlet and antiferromagnetic order as a function of pressure. Further motivated by the recently discovered unusual first-order quantum phase transition with an apparent emergent O(4) symmetry of the antiferromagnetic and plaquette-singlet order parameters in a two-dimensional "checkerboard J-Q" quantum spin model[Zhao et al., Nat. Phys. 15 678(2019)], we here study the same model in the presence of weak inter-layer couplings. Our focus is on the evolution of the emergent symmetry as the system crosses over from two to three dimensions and the phase transition extends from strictly zero temperature in two dimensions up to finite temperature as expected in SrCu_2(BO_3)_2.Using quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we map out the phase boundaries of the plaquette-singlet and antiferromagnetic phases, with particular focus on the triple point where these two ordered phases meet the paramagnetic phase for given strength of the inter-layer coupling. All transitions are first-order in the neighborhood of the triple point. We show that the emergent O(4) symmetry of the coexistence state breaks down clearly when the interlayer coupling becomes sufficiently large, but for a weak coupling, of the magnitude expected experimentally, the enlarged symmetry can still be observed at the triple point up to significant length scales. Thus, it is likely that the plaquette-singlet to antiferromagnetic transition in SrCu_2(BO_3)_2 exhibits remnants of emergent O(4) symmetry, which should be observable due to additional weakly gapped Goldstone modes.     

利用NMR技术测定两个新倍半萜醇酯化合物的结构

报道了从苦皮藤叶中得到的两个新倍半萜醇酯化合物.利用NMR和2DNMR技术测得它们的化学结构分别为1β-苯乙烯酰氧基,9β-(2-羟基)-异丁酰氧基,2β,6α,8α,15-四乙酰氧基-4α-羟基-β-二氢沉香呋喃和1β-苯甲酰氧基,9β-(2-羟基)-异丁酰氧基,2β,6α,8α,15-四乙酰氧基-4α-羟基-β-二氢沉香呋喃.并对其¹H和¹³C NMR信号进行了全归属.     

Suppression of decoherence by bath ordering

The dynamics of two coupled spins-1/2 coupled to a spin-bath is studied as an extended model of the Tessieri--Wilkie Hamiltonian. The pair of spins served as an open subsystem is prepared in one of the Bell states and the bath consisting of some spins-1/2 is in a thermal equilibrium state from the very beginning. It is found that with increasing coupling strength of the bath spins, the bath forms a resonant antiferromagnetic order. The polarization correlation between the two spins of the subsystem and the concurrence of it are recovered to some extent in the isolated subsystem. This suppression of the subsystem decoherence may be used to control the quantum devices in practical applications.     

一系列薯蓣皂甙元-β-D葡萄糖基-(1→2)和(1→3)-β-D葡萄糖甙的1H和13C NMR归属

用同核和异核二维核磁共振方法全归属了一系列合成的薯蓣皂甙元-β-D葡萄糖甙的¹H和¹³C核磁共振谱线.这些薯蓣葡萄糖甙是薯蓣皂甙元-β-D葡萄糖甙(1),薯蓣皂甙元-β-D葡萄糖基-(1→2)-β-D葡萄糖甙(2),薯蓣皂甙元,-β-D葡萄糖基-(1→3)-β-D葡萄糖甙(3),薯蓣皂甙元[-β-D葡萄糖基-(1→2)-β-D葡萄糖基(1→3)-β-D葡萄糖甙(4)以及薯蓣皂甙无[-α-L鼠李糖基-(1→2)]-β-D葡萄糖基-(1→3)-β-D葡萄糖甙(5).     

两个色原酮衍生物的二维谱研究

应用2D NMR技术研究了土茯苓中两个新色原酮衍生物的结构,证实二维谱技术(COLOC,¹H-¹H COSY,2D INADEQUATE)可用于确定该类化合物的取代基位置.同时也有助于确定该类化合物的¹³C、¹H NMR谱的详细归属.     

含手性膦配体3-MBPA的铂(Ⅱ)配合物的2D NMR研究

利用一维和二维NMR技术,对含有手性膦配体的铂配合物trans-[Pt(3-MBPAH)₂Cl₂](1)和trans-(Pt(3-MBPA)(3-MBPAH)Cl)(2)进行¹H和¹³C NMR谱分析,否定了化合物(2)的结构为trans-[Pt(3-MBPA)₂]的可能,归属了所有的¹H和¹³C NMR谱线,并根据磷和铂及磷与磷的偶合常数确定它们是反式构型.     

Round-robin differential quadrature phase-shift quantum key distribution

Recently,a round-robin differential phase-shift(RRDPS) protocol was proposed[Nature 509,475(2014)],in which the amount of leakage is bounded without monitoring the signal disturbance.Introducing states of the phase-encoded Bennett-Brassard 1984 protocol(PE-BB84) to the RRDPS,this paper presents another quantum key distribution protocol called round-robin differential quadrature phase-shift(RRDQPS) quantum key distribution.Regarding a train of many pulses as a single packet,the sender modulates the phase of each pulse by one of {0,π/2,π,3π/2},then the receiver measures each packet with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer having a phase basis of 0 or π/2.The RRDQPS protocol can be implemented with essential similar hardware to the PE-BB84,so it has great compatibility with the current quantum system.Here we analyze the security of the RRDQPS protocol against the intercept-resend attack and the beam-splitting attack.Results show that the proposed protocol inherits the advantages arising from the simplicity of the RRDPS protocol and is more robust against these attacks than the original protocol.     

Quantum algorithm for neighborhood preserving embedding

Neighborhood preserving embedding (NPE) is an important linear dimensionality reduction technique that aims at preserving the local manifold structure. NPE contains three steps, i.e., finding the nearest neighbors of each data point, constructing the weight matrix, and obtaining the transformation matrix. Liang et al. proposed a variational quantum algorithm (VQA) for NPE [Phys. Rev. A 101 032323 (2020)]. The algorithm consists of three quantum sub-algorithms, corresponding to the three steps of NPE, and was expected to have an exponential speedup on the dimensionality n. However, the algorithm has two disadvantages: (i) It is not known how to efficiently obtain the input of the third sub-algorithm from the output of the second one. (ii) Its complexity cannot be rigorously analyzed because the third sub-algorithm in it is a VQA. In this paper, we propose a complete quantum algorithm for NPE, in which we redesign the three sub-algorithms and give a rigorous complexity analysis. It is shown that our algorithm can achieve a polynomial speedup on the number of data points m and an exponential speedup on the dimensionality n under certain conditions over the classical NPE algorithm, and achieve a significant speedup compared to Liang et al.'s algorithm even without considering the complexity of the VQA.     

Entanglement in a two-spin system with long-range interactions

The quantum entanglement between two spins in the Ising model with an added Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya(DM) interaction and in the presence of the transverse magnetic field is studied. The exchange interaction is considered as a function of the distance between spins. The negativity as a function of magnetic field, exchange and DM interaction is calculated.The effect of the distance between spins is studied based on the negativity. In addition, the effect of the thermal fluctuation on the negativity is also investigated.     

Generation of Entanglement for Coherent Excitonic States in Coupled Quantum Dots in a Microcavity

We investigate the generation of entanglement of coherent excitonic states in coupled quantum dots placed in a cavity by meaning of the state preparation fidelity [Nature (London) 404 (2002) 256; Phys. Rev. A 65 (2002) 012107; J. Uffink, Phys. Rev. Lett.88 (2002) 230406.] The effect of the number of excitons and the coherent intensity |α| of the cavity field on the entanglement is also studied.     

具有Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya相互作用的XY模型的量子相干性

研究了具有Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya(DM)相互作用的一维横场XY自旋链的量子相变和量子相干性.采用约旦-维格纳变换严格求解了哈密顿量,并描绘了体系的关联函数和相图,相图包含反铁磁相、顺磁相和螺旋相.利用相对熵和Jensen-Shannon熵讨论了XY模型的量子相干性.研究发现,相对熵与Jensen-Shannon熵所表现的行为都可以很好地表征该模型的量子相变.非螺旋相中量子相干性不依赖DM相互作用,而在螺旋相DM相互作用对量子相干性有显著影响.此外,指出了在带有DM相互作用的这一类反射对称破缺体系中关联函数计算的常见问题.