温度对吡啶离子液体性质影响的分子动力学模拟研究

运用分子动力学模拟方法研究了温度对三种吡啶离子液体[BPy][BF_4]、[HPy][BF_4]、[OPy][BF_4]热力学性质的影响,得到了每个体系的密度、自扩散系数、电导率和黏度等.研究结果表明:随着温度升高,同一种离子液体的密度减小,阴阳离子的自扩散系数明显增大,电导率升高,而黏度降低.在同一温度下,随着阳离子上烷基链的增长,离子液体的密度减小,但热力学性质的变化规律并不完全同步.烷基链长最短的[BPy][BF_4]的自扩散系数和电导率在每个温度下均为最大,而黏度最小;但烷基碳链更长的[OPy][BF_4]和[HPy][BF_4]的各种性质相差不大,甚至当温度大于323 K时,烷基链较长的[OPy][BF_4]的自扩散系数比[HPy][BF_4]的大.     

温度对吡啶离子液体性质影响的分子动力学模拟研究

运用分子动力学模拟方法研究了温度对三种吡啶离子液体[BPy][BF4]、[HPy][BF4]、[OPy][BF4]热力学性质的影响, 得到了每个体系的密度、自扩散系数、电导率和黏度等. 研究结果表明: 随着温度升高, 同一种离子液体的密度减小, 阴阳离子的自扩散系数明显增大, 电导率升高, 而黏度降低. 在同一温度下, 随着阳离子上烷基链的增长, 离子液体的密度减小, 但热力学性质的变化规律并不完全同步. 烷基链长最短的[BPy][BF4]的自扩散系数和电导率在每个温度下均为最大, 而黏度最小; 但烷基碳链更长的[OPy][BF4]和[HPy][BF4]的各种性质相差不大,甚至当温度大于323K时, 烷基链较长的[OPy][BF4]的自扩散系数比[HPy][BF4]的大.     

离子液体[BMIM][BF_4]水溶液比热容及热工特性分析

离子液体在化工和能源领域应用研究中,其比热及热工特性尤为重要,然而目前相关的比热数据较缺乏.研究主要对离子液体[BMIM][BF4]及其水溶液的比热容进行了测定.测试系统采用耐驰DSC204HP低温高压差热仪,测试精度较高且稳定可靠.实验测试的温度范围为273.15K~423.15K,测试的离子液体摩尔浓度分别为1.0...     

芘在离子液体及常规溶剂中的激光闪光光解研究

利用纳秒级时间分辨激光光解装置,以Nd:YAG激光器三倍频后的355 nm激光作为激发光源,研究了芘在常规溶剂乙腈、丙酮、环己烷、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸离子液体([Bmim][PF6])、N-丁基吡啶四氟硼酸离子液体([BuPy][BF4])以及三乙基庚基铵双三氟甲磺酰亚胺(R4NNTf2)的瞬态光解行为,比较...     

Mesoporous Silica Materials Synthesized via Sol-Gel Methods Modified with Ionic Liquid and Surfactant Molecules

采用离子液体1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑四氟硼酸盐改性的溶胶-凝胶法以及表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵进一步改性的溶胶-凝胶法制备介孔二氧化硅. 通过X射线衍射、氮气吸附脱附和扫描电子显微镜对所制备的样品进行表征. 结果表明,与仅用离子液体为模板制备的介孔二氧化硅相比,采用表面活性剂和离子液体的混合物为模板制备的介孔二氧化硅具有较小的孔径和较规则的孔结构. 说明利用该方法制备介孔二氧化硅,表面活性剂的加入会在一定程度上影响所制介孔二氧化硅的微结构.     

A piperidinium-based ionic liquid electrolyte to enhance the electrochemical properties of LiFePO<Subscript>4</Subscript> battery

A piperidinium-based ionic liquid, N-methylpiperidinium-N-acetate bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([MMEPip][TFSI]), was synthesized and used as an additive to the electrolyte of LiFePO₄ battery. The electrochemical performance of the electrolytes based on different contents of [MMEPip][TFSI] has been investigated. It was found that the [MMEPip][TFSI] significantly improved the high-rate performance and cyclability of the LiFePO₄ cells. In the optimized electrolyte with 3 wt% [MMEPip][TFSI], 70 % capacity can be retained with an increase in rate to 3.5 C, which was 8 % higher than that of electrolyte without [MMEPip][TFSI]. For the Li/LiFePO₄ half-cells, after 100 cycles at 0.1 C, the discharge capacity retention was 78 % in the electrolyte without ionic liquid. However, in the electrolyte with 3 wt% [MMEPip][TFSI], it displayed a high capacity retention of 91 %. The good electrochemical performances indicated that the [MMEPip][TFSI] additive would positively enhance the electrochemical performance of LiFePO₄ battery.     

A piperidinium-based ester-functionalized ionic liquid as electrolytes in Li/LiFePO<Subscript>4</Subscript> batteries

A new functionalized ionic liquid (IL) based on cyclic quaternary ammonium cations with ester group and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([TFSI]^?) anion, namely, N-methyl-N-methoxycarbonylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([MMOCPip][TFSI]), was synthesized and characterized. Physical and electrochemical properties, including Li-ion transference number, ionic conductivity, and electrochemical stability, were investigated. The electrochemical window of [MMOCPip][TFSI] was 6 V, which was wide enough to be used as a common electrolyte material. The Li-ion transference number of this IL electrolyte containing 0.1 M LiTFSI was 0.56. The half-cell tests indicated that the [MMOCPip][TFSI] obviously improved the cyclability of a Li/LiFePO₄ cell. For the Li/LiFePO₄ half-cells, after 20 cycles at room temperature at 0.1 C, the discharge capacity was 109.7 mAh g^?1 with 98.7% capacity retention in the [MMOCPip][TFSI]/0.1 M LiTFSI electrolyte. The good electrochemical performance demonstrated that the [MMOCPip][TFSI] could be used as electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries.     

离子液体中聚氧化乙烯(PEO)相变过程中的氢键效应

我们把Flory-Huggins模型推广应用到聚合物/离子液体体系,研究聚氧化乙烯(PEO)在离子液体[EMIM][BF_4]中相变过程中的氢键效应,理论模型考虑了三种类型氢键(Ⅰ型:PEO-[EMIM]~+氢键,Ⅱ型:PEO-[BF_4]~-氢键和Ⅲ型:[EMIM]~+-[BF_4]~-氢键)的形成,分析了三种类型的氢键分数随温度、 PEO体积分数的变化.研究发现,三种类型的氢键分数随温度的升高而减少.在较小PEO体积分数条件下,增加PEO体积分数,Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型氢键分数轻微地减小;在较大PEO体积分数条件下,增加PEO体积分数,Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型氢键分数急剧减少.Ⅲ型氢键分数随着PEO体积分数的增加而急剧降低.由于三种氢键效应,第二维里系数A_2随温度的增加而减小.通过计算分析不同分子量的PEO在[EMIM][BF_4]中的相图发现,在PEO体积分数较低的条件下,Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型氢键是PEO相变的主要驱动力;在PEO体积分数较高的条件下,Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型氢键在PEO相变过程中起到主导作用.     

Ionic liquid enhanced magnesium-based polymer electrolytes for electrical double-layer capacitors

This paper describes the preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-added ionic liquid-based ion conductors. The polymer electrolyte is incorporated with magnesium triflate [Mg(CF₃SO₃)₂ or MgTf] as salt and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (BmImBr) as ionic liquid. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is carried out to investigate the glass transition temperature which is used to study the plasticizing effect of the ionic liquid. The highest conducting ionic liquid-based polymer electrolyte is used to fabricate electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLC). The electrochemical potential window is evaluated using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The electrochemical capacitance of the EDLC is evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD). The electrochemical potential window of ionic liquid-added polymer electrolyte is extended from 1.35 to 2.6 V. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) proves the improvement in specific capacitance of the electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) containing ionic liquid-added polymer electrolyte.     

Research for improvement on the extract efficiency of lignans in traditional Chinese medicines by hybrid ionic liquids: As a case of Suhuang antitussive capsule

Recently, efficient extraction of natural products from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) by green solvents is deemed an essential area of green technology and attracts extensive attentions. In this work, a green protocol for simultaneous ultrasonic-extraction of the native compounds with different polarities of TCMs by using a hybrid ionic liquids (HILs)-water system was reported for the first time. As a case study, three superior ILs (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM][BF4]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][OAc]), and 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([AMIM]Cl)) were chosen as the compositions of the HILs system, and the TCMs Suhuang antitussive capsule (SH) containing different-polarity lignans was selected. Primarily, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) method in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was established for qualitative and quantitative analysis of 18 lignans. After majorization by uniform design experiment, the HILs prepared with [AMIM]Cl, [EMIM][BF4], and [EMIM][OAc] at a volume ratio of 1:5:5 could simultaneously extract multi-polarity lignans compared to single IL. Subsequently, the conditions of ultrasonic extraction employing with HILs and traditional organic solvent were optimized by the response surface methodology, respectively. The results indicated that the extract efficiency of the HILs system for target compounds was significantly improved compared with the traditional organic solvent-extraction, i.e. the content of total lignans in ethanol system was up to 47 mg/g, while that in the HILs system was up to 69 mg/g, with an increasing of 47%. Additionally, ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR spectra were used to characterize the hydrogen-bond interactions in the HILs-lignan mixtures. Extraction with the HILs in TCMs is a new application schema of ILs, which not only avoids the use of volatile toxic organic solvents, but also shows the potential to be comprehensively applied for the extraction of bioactive compounds from TCMs.     

UV光谱研究[Cp-Fe-Cp]BF4和[Cp-Fe-Naph]BF4的光解动力学及机理

本文测定了两种新型阳离子光聚合引发剂二茂铁四氟硼酸盐（[Cp-Fe-Cp]BF4)和环戊二烯基－铁－萘四氟硼酸盐（[Cp-Fe-Naph]BF4)在二氯甲烷和环氧氯丙烷中的紫外－可见吸收光谱，研究了紫外光照射对吸收光谱的影响，通过实时紫外－可见吸收光谱分析，研究了两种光引发剂在环氧氯丙烷中的光解动力学。发现二者的吸收光谱随光照时间的变化规律一致，而且光解反应均为一级反应，速率常数分别为0.72和0.65min^-1，从而提出了二茂铁四氟硼酸盐的光引发机理。     

离子液体[bmim][PF6]与乙腈混合体系中的激光光解研究

以蒽醌(AQ)作为探针分子,利用激光光解技术研究了咪唑型离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟化磷([bmim][PF6])与乙腈(MeCN)混合体系中的光化学反应行为.研究结果表明,离子液体[bmim][PF6]自身可与激发三线态的蒽醌分子(3AQ*)进行反应,且表观反应速率常数随着[bmim][PF6]/MeCN比例的不同呈现特殊规律性的变化.在离子液体的摩尔分数(xRTIL)为0.06处观察到一个明显的临界点.当xRTIL＜0.06时,表观速率常数随xRTIL的增大而增大;而当xRTIL＞0.06时,表观速率常数随xRTIL的增大而减小.文章给出了[bmim][PF6]/MeCN混合体系中激光诱导化学反应的动力学常数,并初步推测了其反应机理,进一步揭示了离子液体[bmim][PF6]的一些新的光化学特性.     

采用光谱技术研究[C4mim][BF4]的传压和测压性能

金刚石压腔是一种在实验室被频繁使用的高压产生装置,它在高压领域占据着重要地位。当金刚石压腔内传压介质只能提供非静水压环境时,利用传统的红宝石荧光光谱测压方法将很难准确测量样品压强,这也是目前超高压实验面临的普遍困难。若有一种兼具“传压”和“测压”双重功能的物质,根据“相邻位置、相近压强”原则,将能够解决在非静水压环境中测不准样品压强问题。显然,探寻兼具“传压”和“测压”双重功能的物质是一项非常重要的工作。本文将红宝石微粒与离子液体[C₄mim][BF₄]装入金刚石压腔,然后利用金刚石压腔压缩[C₄mim][BF₄]使其提供高压环境,同时采集红宝石的荧光光谱及其附近[C₄mim][BF₄]的拉曼光谱。通过分析红宝石特征荧光峰R₁的峰位,得到了[C₄mim][BF₄]在加压过程中提供的一系列高压环境的压强值。通过分析红宝石特征荧光峰R₁的峰宽,发现[C₄mim][BF₄]在0~6.26和6.26~21.43 GPa两个压强范围内可分别提供静水压环境和准静水压环境,表明[C₄mim][BF₄]在0~21.43 GPa范围内可以作为传压介质使用。此外,还发现[C₄mim][BF₄]在0~2.28,2.28~6.26,6.26~14.39和14.39~21.43 GPa四个压强范围内分别为“液相Ⅰ”、“液相Ⅱ”、“非晶相Ⅰ”和“非晶相Ⅱ”。通过分析[C₄mim][BF₄]中特征拉曼峰ν_(B-F)和ν_(ring)的峰位,发现在[C₄mim][BF₄]四个相态内ν_(B-F)和ν_(ring)的峰位随压强增加均满足线性变化关系,并给出了相应的压强与峰位关系函数,这些函数是[C₄mim][BF₄]用作压标物质的重要依据。综上所述,[C₄mim][BF₄]不仅具有“传压”功能,同时还具有“测压”功能,可同时用作“传压介质”和“压标物质”。研究结果为在非静水压环境中准确测量样品压强提供了重要依据,也为超高压条件下样品压强测量不准确问题提供了新的解决思路。     

Thermal,vibrational, and dielectric studies on PVP/LiBF4+ionic liquid [EMIM][BF4]-based polymer electrolyte films

Free-standing polymer electrolyte membranes based on poly(vinyl) pyrrolidone (PVP)/salt(LiBF₄) having different amounts of ionic liquid (IL) [EMIM][BF₄] were prepared and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and alternating current (AC) impedance spectroscopic techniques. The DSC results show a shift in T_m of PVP with salt/or IL content. TGA and DTGA (first derivative of TGA) results give evidence of the presence of uncomplexed PVP, PVP/salt, and PVP/IL complexes. Signatures of these entities are also present in the dielectric spectra. Complexation of PVP with salt and IL has been confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Electrical conductivity as a function of temperature has been studied for PVP/LiBF₄/IL [EMIM][BF₄]. Role of IL in changing phase transition, conductivity, and dielectric relaxation frequency has been discussed.     

ZnS nanoparticle synthesis and stability of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF4]) under glow discharge plasma

Ionic liquid glow discharge electrolysis for nanoparticle synthesis is an emerging nanomaterials processing technology and the stability of ionic liquid when they are in contact with plasma is an important issue. This paper discusses the stability of [BMIM][BF4] after exposing this ionic liquid to glow discharge plasma and the synthesis of cubic crystalline ZnS nanoparticles by plasma electrochemical method. Stability of the ionic liquid after plasma exposure to 20 min at 250 V is explained by their FTIR spectra and found that the ionic liquid is stable even after the plasma exposure.     

液体工质对气液热声发动机性能影响的实验研究

采用气液耦合振动是降低热声发动机谐振频率和提升其压力振幅的一种有效途径。为了研究液体工质对于气液热声发动机性能的影响,本文针对水、室温离子液体[EMIM][BF₄]、20%氯化钾溶液、40%和50%甲酸钾溶液五种液体工质进行了实验研究和分析。实验数据显示,在相同加热功率下,采用50%甲酸钾溶液时系统谐振频率最低,而水工质对应的谐振频率最高;40%甲酸钾溶液的压力振幅最大,而采用离子液体[EMIM][BF4]时系统压力振幅最小。研究结果表明:采用密度较大的液体工质可获得较低的谐振频率,而密度大、黏度小的液体工质则有利于获得更大的压力振幅。     

Structure and electronic properties of BEDT-TTF and it's charge transfer salts

We report a detailed computational study, of the organic superconducting charge transfer BEDT-TTF salts, whose electronic properties depend strongly on the packing of the donor radical cations. Electronic structure calculations have been performed at the molecular and periodic level using density functional theory (DFT). These calculations have been used to investigate the magnetic ordering in the BEDT-TTF[FeBr₄] salt, where we obtained an antiferromagnetic solution in agreement with experiment. Detailed geometry optimisations have been carried out for both BEDT-TTF[FeBr₄] salt and the neutral BEDT-TTF crystal.     

Preparation and properties of a gel polymer electrolyte system based on poly-ε-caprolactone containing 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

Gel polymer electrolytes (GPE) obtained by immobilizing a solution of zinc triflate (ZnTr) in an ionic liquid, namely 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [emim][Tf₂N] within a biodegradable polymeric matrix of poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) were prepared by a simple solvent cast technique for different concentrations of the ionic liquid. The electrolyte with the composition 75 wt% PCL: 25 wt% ZnTr+100 wt% [emim][Tf₂N] showed the highest ionic conductivity of 1.1×10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ at 25 °C and favored by the rich amorphous phase of the GPE as confirmed from room temperature X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The morphology of the GPE was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which revealed the homogeneity of the prepared GPE system. The temperature dependence of electrical conductivity of the GPE followed the Arrhenius behavior. The Zn²⁺ ionic transport number has been determined to be ~0.62 which denotes the predominant contribution of zinc ion towards total ionic conductivity. The electrochemical stability window of GPE is found to be 2.5 V with a thermal stability upto 200 °C. This eco-friendly and safe electrolyte may be used to fabricate compostable batteries, in future, with a suitable selection of other components of the battery system.     

Highly efficient organic ultraviolet photodetectors based on excellent Cu (I) complexes

We demonstrate high response organic ultraviolet photodetectors using 4,4′,4″-tris[3-methyl-pheny(phenyl)amino]tri-phenylamine (m-MTDATA) and two novel Cu(I) complexes, [Cu(DPEphos)(PyPhen)]BF4 (CuDP)(DPEphos = Bis [2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether, PyPhen = pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline) and [Cu(DPEbenz)(PyPhen)]BF₄ (CuBP) (DPEbenz = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene) to act as the electron donor and acceptor, respectively. Strong photoluminescence quenching of m-MTDATA by Cu(I) complexes is observed manifesting the efficient photoinduced charge transfer that occurs between m-MTDATA and Cu(I) complexes. The optimized photodetector based on CuBP exhibits a maximum response of 276 mA/W at ?12 V under an illumination of 365 nm UV light irradiation with an intensity of 1.75 mW/cm². The high response is attributed to feasible energy level match, efficient electron transfer from m-MTDATA to CuBP and skillful device design. More detailed working mechanism of harvesting high performance is also discussed.     

1-羟乙基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐水溶液蒸汽压和凝固特性研究

1-羟乙基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([HOEtMIM][Cl])是一种亲水性极强的离子液体,与水可以组成吸收式制冷工质对,具有良好的工业应用前景.在制冷工程应用中,离子液体水溶液的低温特性研究非常重要,包括低温段的水溶液蒸汽压数据和凝固特性,而[HOEtMIM][Cl]的相关研究缺乏.本文对水的质量分数分别为17.10%、24.29%、38.03%、49.89%、69.94%,温度范围(278.15K~408.15K)的[HOEtMIM][Cl]水溶液的汽液相平衡进行了测定;并对水的质量分数范围为1.3%~90.0%,温度范围为150K~360K的离子液体水溶液的凝固特性进行了测定,揭示其在低温应用时可能出现的固化问题.获得的蒸汽压及凝固特性数据对该离子液体水溶液应用于制冷系统设计具有重要意义.