硼酸盐润滑油添加剂的摩擦化学机理研究

硼酸盐润滑油添加剂的摩擦磨损表面经小面积Ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）和剖面ＸＰＳ分析发现，摩擦磨损表面生成了复杂的摩擦化学保护膜，该保护膜主要由吸附膜，沉积膜和摩擦化学产物组成，特别是ＢＮ化学物的生成，有利于改善其抗磨减摩性能。     

PS-TiO2 复合纳米微球的表征及摩擦学行为

采用化学法合成了ＰＳ－ＴｉＯ２复合纳米微球，并对其进行了ＴＥＭ、ＦＴＩＲ、ＴＧＡ及ＤＳＣ等分析表征。将这种微球作用润滑油添加剂，在四球试验机上了它的减摩抗磨性能，同时又对磨斑表面进行了Ｘ射线光电子能谱分析）ＸＰＳ）。研究表明：这种添加剂有良好的抗磨性能。并在摩擦表面形成由ＴｉＯ２、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３以及有机碎片所组成的边界润滑膜。     

元素在探针表面上的原子化机理研究

探针原子人经法是一种新技术，本文系统地总结了用探针原子化法研究Ａｕ（１Ｂ），Ｓｒ（ⅡＡ），Ｃｄ（ⅡＢ），Ａｌ（ⅢＡ），Ｌａ，Ｓｍ，Ｆｕ（ⅢＢ），Ｇｅ，Ｓｎ，Ｐｂ（ⅣＡ），Ｓｂ，Ｂｉ（ⅤＡ），Ｖ（ⅤＢ），Ｃｒ，Ｍｏ（ⅥＢ），Ｍｎ（ⅦＢ），Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｐｔ（Ⅷ）等２０个元素的原子化机理了起源于卤化物分解的元素有Ａｕ与Ｐｔ，起源于氧化物分解的元素有Ｃｄ，Ａｌ，Ｌａ，Ｓｍ，Ｅｕ，Ｇｅ，Ｍｎ与Ｆｅ。     

第八届非物理类专业大学生物理竞赛试题及解答(1991)

第八届非物理类专业大学生物理竞赛试题及解答（１９９１）试题一、选择题（共１８分，每小题３分）１．一水平放置的轻弹簧，倔强系数为ｋ，其一端固定，另一端系一质量为ｍ的滑块Ａ，Ａ旁有一质量相同的滑块Ｂ，如图所示．两滑块与桌面间皆无摩擦．若加外力将Ａ、Ｂ一起...     

硫化廿二酸中氧与硫在菜籽油中的协同减摩抗磨作用研究

采用低温硫化工艺和复分解反应制备了无臭硫化廿二酸,在四球摩擦磨损试验机上考察了其在菜籽油中的减摩抗磨行为及承载能力,并对钢球磨损表面进行了扫描电子显微（ＳＥＭ）、电子探针（ＥＰＭＡ）以及Ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）分析。通过与廿二酸和硫化异丁烯的对比研究发现,在廿二酸中引入硫后,氧与硫产生了明显的协同减摩抗磨及承载作用。钢球磨损表面ＸＰＳ分析结果表明,在摩擦过程中硫化廿二酸发生了摩擦化学变化,表面Ｅ     

二水硝酸镧钾晶体晶格振动的群论分析和拉曼光谱

本文对新型非线晶体二水硝酸镧钾（Ｋ２Ｌａ（ＮＯ３）５．２Ｈ２Ｏ）的晶格振动进行了群论分析，给出了该晶体在Г点晶格振动的对称性分类，它们是４２Ａ１＋４２Ａ２＋４５Ｂ１＋４５Ｂ２。其中声学模为Ａ１＋Ｂ１＋Ｂ２，拉曼活性模为４１Ａ１＋４２Ａ２＋４４Ｂ１＋４４Ｂ２。红外活性模为４１Ａ１＋４４Ｂ１＋４４Ｂ２，测量了该晶体不同几何配置的拉曼光谱，利用群论分析结果对谱图进行了识别和讨论。     

环烷酸铅和烷基水杨酸铅的微波原位合成及其摩擦学性能

在液体石蜡中采用微波技术原位合成了油溶性环烷酸铅（LN）和十二烷基水杨酸铅（LAS）,在高速低负荷（r=1500±10rpm,P=196-392N)和低速高负荷（r=300±10rpm,P=800N)两种条件下,用四球摩擦磨损试验对LN,LAS和对应的羧酸进行了摩擦学性能评价,用往复式摩试验机考察了LN和LAS抗磨减摩性能,结果表明：LN具有良好的抗磨减磨性能和中等的极压性能,且各项摩擦学性能指标均好于LAS。为弄清其作用机理,从分子结构分析了产生摩擦学性能差异的原因,并用SEM及XPS研究了磨斑表面,结果发现：摩擦过程中,LN和LAS都能在摩擦副表面形成吸附膜且部分吸附膜发生摩擦化学反应产生了铅氧化物转化膜,但所形成的吸附膜和转化膜厚度不同。     

Authors Index to Volume B5

ＡｕｔｈｏｒｓＩｎｄｅｘｔｏＶｏｌｕｍｅＢ５ＡＮＨｏｎｇｌｉｎ－－（６），５０１ＢＡＯＧｕｏｊＵｎ－－（ｌ），８ＢＡＯＪｉａｓｈａｎ－－（ｌ），４３ＣＡＩＢａｎｇｗｅｉ－－（４），３６３ＣＡＯａｃｉｎｇ－－（１），９４ＣＡＯＱｉｎｇ－－（５），４３９...     

有奖征答

有奖征答１．Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三个质量相同的木块，已知它们的质量ｍ＝２ｋｇ，墙壁光滑木块不光滑，现被一个与竖直方向成θ＝３７°角的力Ｆ压在墙上而静止．求；（１）Ｂ对Ａ及Ｃ对Ｂ的摩擦力？（２）Ｆ＝？２．如图，Ａ、Ｂ为二质量相同的小球，Ａ用轻绳系住悬挂于Ｏ点，Ｂ...     

C60-丙烯酸月桂酯共聚物的合成及其摩擦学行为

合成了一种新颖的油溶性C60 丙烯酸月桂酯共聚物 ,采用四球摩擦磨损试验机、扫描电子电镜研究了其作为液体石蜡润滑添加剂的摩擦学特性 ,结果表明 ,C60 丙烯酸月桂酯共聚物可提高石蜡基础液的抗磨性能 ,改善微观磨损状态 .     

二氧化钛纳米微晶的制备及性质的研究

用无水四氯化铁和异丙醇为原料，用溶胶－凝胶法制备二氧化钛纳米微晶，用一系列手段研究了它的结构，结果表明，所得纳米微晶为椭球状，粒径分布范围窄，６００℃焙烧１小时所得微晶为锐矿相和金红石相两种结构共存，其Ｘ射线光电子能谱及红外光谱的特性直接受该微结构的影响。     

Fabrication of durable hydrophobic surfaces through surface texturing

Low surface energy polymer thin-films can be applied to surfaces to increase hydrophobicity and reduce friction for a variety of applications. However, wear of these thin films, resulting from repetitive rubbing against another surface, is of great concern. In this study, we show that highly hydrophobic surfaces with persistent abrasion resistance can be fabricated by depositing fluorinated carbon thin films on sandblasted glass surfaces. In our study, fluorinated carbon thin films were deposited on sandblasted and as-received smooth glass using deep reactive ion etching equipment by only activating the passivation step. The surfaces of the samples were then rubbed with FibrMet abrasive papers in a reciprocating motion using an automatic friction abrasion analyzer. During the rubbing, the static and kinetic friction forces were also measured. The surface wetting properties were then characterized using a video-based contact angle measuring system to determine the changes in water contact angle as a result of rubbing. Assessment of the wear properties of the thin films was based on the changes in the water contact angles of the coated surfaces after repetitive rubbing. It was found that, for sandblasted glass coated with fluorinated carbon film, the water contact angle remained constant throughout the entire rubbing process, contrary to the smooth glass coated with fluorinated carbon film which showed a drastic decrease in water contact angle with the increasing number of rubbing cycles. In addition, the static and kinetic friction coefficients of the sandblasted glass were also much lower than those of the smooth glass.     

Effect of surface film on sliding friction and wear of copper-impregnated metallized carbon against a Cu-Cr-Zr alloy

A block-on-ring wear test was performed between a copper-impregnated metallized carbon brush and a Cu-Cr-Zr alloy ring under ambient environment. After 50 km of rubbing at 20 A electrical current and 111 kPa normal pressure at a constant velocity of 25 km/h, a surface film, which was composed of Cu₂O, CuO, C and water, formed on the copper alloy ring due to graphite transfer from the brush to the copper alloy and oxidation of the copper. A second series of friction and wear tests was carried out both with and without this initial surface film and at different electrical currents. The friction coefficient and wear mass loss were compared. The results showed that the initial surface film could reduce the friction coefficient in the presence of an electrical current, but in the absence of an electrical current, the film's lubricating performance gradually degraded as the test progressed. Wear mass losses caused by the rubbing of the brushes against the rings having an initial surface film were lower when the electrical currents were 0 A, 10 A and 15 A, respectively, while the situation was reversed when the electrical current was 20 A, i.e., the wear mass loss of the brush specimen rubbing against a ring with an initial surface film was higher than that of a ring without it.     

Competition between anchoring and reversible photo-induced alignment of a nematic liquid crystal

We investigated the alignment induced on a nematic liquid crystal (LC) by a photo-aligned polymer film with azo-dye side groups. The orientation of the LC molecules can be manipulated in a reversible manner by irradiating the film with polarized light. We analyzed the competition between the orientation induced by the main chain, through rubbing of the film and that induced by the photo-aligned polymer. Anchoring strength for the different processing conditions are reported. The changes in film morphology caused by rubbing or photo-alignment could be captured by atomic force microscopy. The reversibility of the photo-induced alignment and the competition between the two anchoring mechanisms may allow recording and erasing of information in a LC display. PACS 61.30.-v; 61.30.Gd     

一种新的双偶氮染料掺杂聚合物薄膜的光致双折射及偏振全息的研究

作为一种有可能作为永久信息存储的材料,合成出一种新的双偶氮材料(BA1)。当样品被波长为532nm的光激发时,几乎大部分BA1分子从反-反态转化到顺-顺态,产生了光致双折射。因此,研究了BA1分子掺杂的PMMA薄膜的光致双折射和透过信号与入射光强度的关系。实验结果表明:透过信号强度随着泵浦光的增强而增强。通过偏振态互相平行(SS)和垂直(SP)的两束偏振光用来研究偏振全息存储,结果表明SP光栅形成的衍射信号要比SS光栅的衍射信号强很多。     

基于空穴注入层摩擦定向的偏振蓝光聚合物电致发光器件

研究了利用摩擦空穴注入层3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩:聚苯乙烯磺酸(PEDOT:PSS)作为定向层实现聚芴(PFO)薄膜的偏振电致发光,蓝光的色坐标为(0.20,0.21).从聚合物薄膜的紫外可见吸收和光致发光偏振特性,研究了不同定向层摩擦强度、退火温度以及退火时间下PFO薄膜的二向色性,并证明退火温度是决定器件偏振性能的关键因素.当摩擦强度为25 mm退火温度和时间分别为200℃和30 min时,得到较好的偏振性能,器件的电致发光偏振率约为3. 关键词： 偏振发光 摩擦定向 聚合物电致发光 空穴注入层     

Core–corona PSt/P(BA–AA) composite particles by two-stage emulsion polymerization

Raspberry-shaped composite particles with polystyrene (PSt) as core and poly(n-butyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid) (P(BA–AA)) as corona were synthesized via emulsion polymerization. The random copolymer, P(BA–AA), was pre-prepared and used as a polymeric surfactant, its emulsifying properties adjusted by changing the mass ratio of BA and AA. The morphology of the resulting core–corona composite particles, P(St/P(BA–AA)), could be regulated and controlled by varying the concentrations of P(BA–AA) or the mass ratio of BA:AA in P(BA–AA). The experimental results indicate that 3.0–6.0 wt% of P(BA–AA) is required to obtain stable composite emulsions, and P(BA–AA) with a mass ratio of BA:AA = 1:2 is able to generate distinct core–corona structures. A mechanism of composite particle formation is proposed based on the high affinity between the PSt core and the hydrophobic segments of P(BA–A). The regular morphology of the colloidal film is expected to facilitate potential application of core–corona particles in the field of light scattering. Furthermore, the diversity of core–corona particles can be expanded by replacing P(BA–AA) corona particles with other amphiphilic particles.     

Superhydrophobic and luminescent methylsilicone resin film

The europium complex, Eu(BA)₃Phen was introduced to the methylsilicone resin film, the investigation showed that the variation of the morphology and surface components of the film was not obvious comparing to methylsilicone resin film, and the superhydrophobicity of the as-prepared film was still retained. Furthermore, the film showed excellent luminescent property, the red light can be observed.     

Azimuthal anchoring energy at the interface between a nematic liquid crystal and a PTFE substrate

The azimuthal anchoring energy of the nematic liquid crystal 4-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenil (5CB) on a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (teflon, PTFE) film is measured for the first time. The PTFE film is deposed using the Wittmann and Smith technique which consists on rubbing a bar of this polymer against a glass substrate at a controlled temperature and pressure. Measurements of the azimuthal anchoring energy are made with a reflectometric technique which provides high accuracy and sensitivity. The dependence of the azimuthal anchoring energy on temperature and on the rubbing pressure is investigated. The extrapolation length remains virtually constant in the whole temperature range of the nematic phase except for an increase of 25% close to the clearing temperature. The azimuthal anchoring energy is somewhat strong and increases with increasing the deposition pressure of PTFE. The observation of a relevant pre-transitional anisotropy of the reflection coefficients in the isotropic phase proves that the surface interactions favor an excess of orientational order. Ageing of the anchoring energy and gliding of the easy axis are experimentally observed. Both these phenomena suggest the presence of an anisotropic adsorbed layer of nematic molecules on the PTFE film.     

Enhancing nucleation and controlling crystal orientation by rubbing/scratching the surface of a thin polymer film

We used the tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM) in the contact mode to scratch/rub the surface of a glassy polymer thin film, i.e., isotactic polystyrene (i-PS) at room temperature. After subsequent isothermal crystallization, an extremely high nucleation density of edge-on crystals within the rubbed region or at the edge of the scratched area was observed. Furthermore, a transition from edge-on to flat-on lamellae occurred beyond a certain distance from the edge of the scratched region. Our results demonstrate that both, soft rubbing or hard scratching, allow to lower the nucleation barrier for polymer crystallization and to control the orientation of the resulting crystalline lamellae. The role of scratching/rubbing on chain deformation and its relation to nucleation and crystal orientation in polymer thin films is discussed.