无边带信息的多输入多输出正交频分复用水声通信图样选择峰均比抑制算法

针对多输入多输出正交频分复用 图样选择 峰均比(peak-to-average-power-ratio PAPR)抑制算法需要传递边带信息的缺点, 提出了一种无边带信息传输的图样选择峰均比抑制算法. 该算法利用不同分布图样的梳状导频携带加扰相位序列选择信息, 结合浅海水声信道的稀疏特性在接收端对加扰图样进行自主区分, 实现了无边带信息的图样选择峰均比抑制.仿真和水池实验结果证实: 无边带信息传输的图样选择峰均比抑制算法可以在不损失PAPR抑制性能的前提下, 准确解算出传输相位序列选择信息、对抗突发噪声、实现无边带信息传输的可靠水声通信. 关键词： 水声通信 正交频分复用 峰均功率比 边带信息     

Pilot-based cross-phase modulation compensation for coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing long-haul optical communications systems

A pilot-based nonlinearity compensator (PB-NLC) is shown in this Letter to be an effective method for compensating cross-phase modulation (XPM) in coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) systems. An unmodulated pilot tone is transmitted at the center of each OFDM channel to detect phase errors caused by the Kerr effect, which converts intensity fluctuations from all channels to phase errors. The pilots are then used to cancel the XPM phase errors for each OFDM channel at the receiver after each channel's self-phase modulation (SPM) has been compensated, using its intensity waveform to determine its SPM. Numerical simulations of a 58 Gb/s single polarization 2375 km system with inline dispersion compensation show that the signal quality, Q, at the optimal launch power is increased by 2.4 dB if SPM compensation is used before the PB-NLC. This contrasts with only a 0.9 dB improvement if the PB-NLC is used without an SPM compensator for the same link. This shows the PB-NLC can effectively mitigate XPM but not SPM.     

Sample indexed spatial orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

Optical spatial modulation(OSM) is a multiple-transmitter technique that can provide higher data rates with low system complexity as compared with single-input single-output systems. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) is widely implemented to achieve better spectral efficiency in wireless channels. Asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM(O-OFDM) and DC-biased O-OFDM are two well-known O-OFDM techniques suitable for intensity-modulation direct-detection optical systems. In this work, sample indexed spatial OFDM(SIS-OFDM) is proposed to combine OSM and O-OFDM in a novel way and achieve significant performance gain. By assigning time-domain samples of the O-OFDM transmit symbol to different transmitters, SIS-OFDM achieves much better spectral efficiency and reduces computational complexity at the transmitter as compared with previous work that combines OSM with O-OFDM in the frequency domain. We also consider the impact of optical source biasing on overall performance, and the relative performance of imaging receiver(ImR) versus non-imaging receiver(NImR) design for our proposed SIS-OFDM technique. Results indicate that for an Ntx × Nrx multiple-input multiple-output configuration where Ntx = Nrx = 4, SIS-OFDM using ImR can achieve up to 135 dB of signal-to-noise ratio gain over comparable system using a NImR. Also, using Nsc number of O-OFDM subcarriers provides up to Nsc × log2(Ntx) additional bits per symbol of spectral efficiency over techniques that combine OSM and O-OFDM in the frequency domain.     

基于动态混沌映射的三维加密正交频分复用无源光网络

提出了一种基于混沌映射的三维加密正交频分复用无源光网络保密通信系统.该系统通过相关性检测锁定收发端混沌系统参数,实现收发双方混沌系统同步;并利用同步混沌系统生成密钥,实现符号扰动以及二重子载波加密.该加密方案的密钥空间超过10~(86),能够有效对抗穷举攻击.实验实现了13.3 Gb/s基于64进制正交幅度调制的加密正交频分复用信号在25 km标准单模光纤中的传输,并完成了信息的有效解密.     

水声正交频分复用异步多用户接入方法

水声信道传播时延大导致水声通信网中上行用户同步困难,因此需要接收端具备异步多用户检测能力。针对水声正交频分复用(OFDM)异步多用户系统提出一种基于滑动迭代的异步多用户接入方法,包括重叠截断、干扰消除、频域过采样、多用户信道估计与解码、以及干扰重构5个处理模块,并通过滑动迭代结构同时消除前向干扰和后向干扰影响。仿真结果表明,所提方法在不同异步到达时延,以及有、无信道估计误差下的误比特率均明显低于逐块解调异步接收算法。水池实验结果表明,滑动迭代异步接收算法在多径扩展18 ms、异步到达时延大于或等于循环前缀1.5倍时实现了两用户异步接入的可靠通信。     

Optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing demultiplexer using slab star coupler-based optical discrete Fourier transform circuit

We demonstrate an optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) demultiplexer with an optical discrete Fourier transform circuit fabricated using silica planar lightwave circuit technology. This compact device can process an arbitrary number of subcarriers. The operation of a ten-channel device is demonstrated by demultiplexing a 100 Gbit/s (10 subcarrier × 10 Gbits/s) OFDM signal. We also discuss a main factor affecting characteristics degradation of the device.     

Carrier frequency offset and impulse noise estimation for underwater acoustic orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

The carrier frequency offset（CFO）and impulse noise always affect the performance of underwater acoustic communication_systems.The CFO and impulse noise could be estimated by using the null subcarriers to cancel the effects of the two types of interference.The null subcarriers estimation methods include optimal separate estimation and joint estimation.The separate estimation firstly estimates the CFO value and then estimates the impulse noise value.However,the CFO and impulse noise always affect each other when either of them is estimated separately.The performance could be improved by using the joint estimation.The results of simulations and experiments have showed that these two optimization methods have good performance and the joint estimation has better performance than the separate estimation method.There is 3 dB performance gain at the BER value of 10~（-2）when using the joint estimation method.Thus these methods could improve the system robustness by using the CFO compensation and impulse noise suppression.     

水声正交频分复用系统载波偏移与脉冲干扰估计技术

载波频率偏移和脉冲干扰是水声通信系统中常见的干扰形式。为了提高系统的鲁棒性,消除这两种类型干扰的影响,提出利用空载波对载波频率偏移和脉冲干扰进行估计。空载波估计技术采用了分步优化和联合优化估计两种方法。分步优化估计首先利用重采样和空载波进行载波频率偏移估计,补偿后利用空载波对脉冲噪声进行消除。考虑到载波频率偏移和脉冲噪声估计时的相互影响特性,利用二者的联合估计得到优化解。仿真和水池实验结果表明,两种优化算法都取得了良好的效果;同时联合优化估计比分步优化估计得到更大的系统性能增益,在系统误比特率为10^-2时,联合优化解得到了3dB左右的系统性能增益。通过对载波频率偏移和脉冲干扰的估计消除,大大提高了水声通信系统的鲁棒性。     

Steepest-descent method-based adaptive frequency domain equalizer in coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with quadrature phase shift keying modulation

An adaptive frequency domain equalizer (A-FDE) in quadrature phase shift keying-coherent optical-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (QPSK-CO-OFDM) system is proposed in this paper. A-FDE uses steepest descent method to search the optimal equalization parameters. And through applying the adaptive control factor (ACF) to monitor the state of A-FDE, the interference from phase noise (PN) and chromatic dispersion (CD) can be mitigated. The numerical simulation shows that the performance of A-FDE has a remarkable improvement on combating PN and CD comparing with the conventional decision-directed equalizer (DDE). And the A-FDE can achieve the forward-error-correction (FEC) threshold in noisier scenario. Furthermore, because the calculation of ACF only bases on valid data instead of pilot symbols (PSs), A-FDE has low PS overhead merit.     

Statistical distributions of instantaneous power and peak-to-average power ratio for single-carrier FDMA systems

This paper analyzes the distributions of instantaneous power and peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) for single-carrier frequency-division multiple-access (SC-FDMA) signals, where localized FDMA (LFDMA) and interleaved FDMA (IFDMA), as well as a block-interleaved FDMA (B-IFDMA) are considered as a part of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-precoded orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) systems adopted in the recent mobile communications standard. Comparisons of analytical and simulation results show a good match in terms of both the measures, which confirms the validity of the analytical framework developed in this work.     

正交频分复用无源时间反转信道均衡方法研究

针对水声信道多途信号引起的正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)水声通信系统符号间干扰的问题,提出了无源时间反转均衡的方法,将发送的探测信号时间反转与OFDM信号做卷积,利用无源时间反转镜的时间聚焦原理减小信道多途带来的符号间干扰,在OFDM符号中不使用导频的情况下实现信道均衡,简化了均衡步骤并提高了OFDM符号频带利用率。分析比较了无源时反均衡方法与最小平方信道均衡在水声多途信道下的误码性能。仿真研究和湖上实验表明,无源时反信道均衡算法可以有效的减小多途信道对OFDM水声通信系统带来的影响。     

正交频分复用无源时间反转信道均衡方法研究

针对水声信道多途信号引起的正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)水声通信系统符号间干扰的问题,提出了无源时间反转均衡的方法,将发送的探测信号时间反转与OFDM信号做卷积,利用无源时间反转镜的时间聚焦原理减小信道多途带来的符号间干扰,在OFDM符号中不使用导频的情况下实现信道均衡,简化了均衡步骤并提高了OFDM符号频带利用率。分析比较了无源时反均衡方法与最小平方信道均衡在水声多途信道下的误码性能。仿真研究和湖上实验表明,无源时反信道均衡算法可以有效的减小多途信道对OFDM水声通信系统带来的影响。     

Chaotic wavelength division multiplexing for optical communication

We demonstrate wavelength division multiplexing with chaotic subcarriers in two pairs of one-way-coupled Nd:YVO4 microchip lasers. Two individual digital messages are encoded on two chaotic carriers with different wavelengths in two transmitters by the chaotic masking method, and the mixed signals are sent to two receivers. Dual synchronization of chaos is used to obtain the original chaotic waveforms in the receivers. Two messages are decoded by filtering the difference of the laser outputs between the transmitter and the receiver by use of a low-pass filter for each pair of lasers. The message recovery can be achieved more easily when messages with small amplitude and low frequency are used.     

Joint nonlinearity and chromatic dispersion pre-compensation for coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems

This paper introduces a joint nonlinearity and chromatic dispersion pre-compensation method for coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems. The research results show that this method can reduce the walk-off effect and can therefore equalize the nonlinear impairments effectively. Compared with the only other existing nonlinearity pre-compensation method, the joint nonlinearity and chromatic dispersion pre-compensation method is not only suitable for low-dispersion optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing system, but also effective for high-dispersion optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing transmission system with higher input power but without optical dispersion compensation. The suggested solution does not increase computation complexity compared with only nonlinearity pre-compensation method. For 40 Gbit/s coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing 20×80 km standard single-mode fibre system, the suggested method can improve the nonlinear threshold (for Q > 10 dB) about 2.7, 1.2 and 1.0 dB, and the maximum Q factor about 1.2, 0.4 and 0.3 dB, for 2, 8 and 16 ps/(nm·km) dispersion coefficients.     

一种正交频分复用系统抗水下时变多径信道的频率偏移估计方法

提出了一种水下正交频分复用(OFDM)系统鲁棒的频率偏移估计方法,即通信帧由一个训练帧和多个数据帧组成。其中克服大的多普勒频移,也就是粗频移估计(Rough Frequency Offset Estimation,RFOE),是通过训练帧来实现的,而克服时变的和小的多普勒频移,也就是精细多普勒频移估计(Accurate Frequency Offset Estimation,AFOE),是通过每一个数据帧实现的。RFOE和AFOE都是使用OFDM数据或循环前缀(Cyclic Prefix,CP)中没有被多径干扰的那部分数据计算得到的。在海试中,采用这种算法实现了通信速率与作用距离的乘积为133km·kbps的无误码通信,并比较了不同算法的试验结果,试验结果表明该算法能克服水下信道多径和时变的影响。     

可重编程正交频分复用水声调制解调技术进展*

随着海洋探索和军事应用的迫切需求,水声通信需要向高数据率、高可靠性方向发展。正交频分复用技术被视为水声高速通信的新途径,并被成功应用于水声通信,在水声通信中展现了其优越性。高度灵活的自适应平台的发展,激发了可重编程水声调制解调器的发展,以适应不同实验/应用场景的需求。文中从带宽、调制方案、数据率、传输距离、误码率方面,介绍了国内外研究机构对可重编程正交频分复用水声调制解调器研究的进展,并对其中的技术进行概述。最后对可重编程正交频分复用水声调制解调器进行了展望。认为可重编程正交频分复用水声调制解调器需要的是分块接收处理的自适应实时扩展平台,同时也坚信水声网络的发展和需求必将推动智能水声通信的发展。     

基于低采样率模数转换器的延时复用频分多址无源光网络

基于正交频分复用技术的无源光网络中,光网络单元为了获得其所属小部分下行数据,需高采样率模数转换器将所有频宽的信号恢复才能分出其所需要数据.同时正交频分信号峰均比很高,传输中容易引起非线性效应.为此,本文提出一种基于低采样模数转换器的延时复用频分多址无源光网络.在光线路终端将数据序列交错排序并在时域映射为正交幅度调制信号;再通过离散傅里叶变换扩频技术,将信号转换为频域信号并映射到子载波上.通过预先发送和回传训练信号,估测包括延时采样和低采样接收在内的信道频响;再将频域信号利用估测信息在光线路终端做预处理,从而使信号传输中的失真得到有效预补偿.本文实验演示了含有多个光网络单元的系统,对于含有M个光网络单元的无源光网络,模数转换器的采样率可以降低到1/M Nyquist采样率,实验中模数转换器的采样率可以降低到1/32 Nyquist采样率;由于下行信号通过光线路终端预处理实现失真预补偿,光网络单元接收到的信号不需要均衡,不需要傅里叶变换和傅里叶逆变换,避免了与之对应的相关计算量,降低了光网络单元的计算复杂度;由于使用了扩频技术,信号波形具有更低的峰均比,从而降低了非线性对信号的影响,增加了功率预算.此外,随着光网络单元的增加,信号的误码率几乎没有增加,光网络单元个数增加到32时,向前纠错极限为10~(-3)的功率代价小于0.5 dB;系统对光网络单元采样时刻偏离具有一定容限;25 km光纤传输的功率代价大约0.5 dB.理论和实验均证明本方案能够简化光网络单元,降低无源光网络的成本;与传统的无源光网络相比具有明显优势.     

Design of strict optical orthogonal codes with nonconstant weights for use in optical code-division multiplexing multimedia systems

We report the design of a new family of strict optical orthogonal codes (SOOCs) that permit the use of nonconstant code weights in optical code-division multiplexing (OCDM) systems. Because this new code can possess any number of pulses (i.e., 1s) in each codeword while still maintaining the minimum autocorrelation and cross-correlation constraints (i.e., “1”) for incoherent optical processing, its use can flexibly support multimedia applications in an OCDM system to meet varieties of transmission performance and traffic requirements which are demanded by different types of communication services. The method of designing the proposed codes is presented, and the bound on code length is also given.     

基于基追踪去噪的水声正交频分复用稀疏信道估计

针对传统的l₂-范数信道估计精度低的问题, 提出了一种基于基追踪去噪(BPDN)的水声正交频分复用稀疏信道估计方法, 该方法针对水声信道的稀疏特性, 利用少量的观测值即可以很高的精度估计出信道冲激响应. 与贪婪追踪类算法相比, 基于BPDN算法的稀疏信号估计具有全局最优解, 采用l₂-l₁范数准则估计信号, 同时考虑了观测值含噪情况, 通过调整正则化参数控制估计信号稀疏度和残余误差之间的平衡. 仿真分析了导频分布、正则化参数等对BPDN 算法的影响以及BPDN算法与最小平方(LS)、正交匹配追踪(OMP)信道估计算法的性能. 湖试结果表明, 在稀疏信道下, 基于BPDN的信道估计方法明显优于LS和OMP信道估计方法.     

改进的多输人多输出正交频分复用水声通信判决反馈信道估计算法

针对最小均方误差准则下(Minimum Mean Square Error,MMSE)判决反馈信道估计算法在多输入多输出正交频分复用(Multiple-input Multiple-output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,MIMO-OFDM)低信噪比水声通信环境下存在误码遗传缺陷,提出了一种基于压缩感知理论的改进的MMSE判决反馈信道估计算法。通过结合浅海水声信道的稀疏性特点,利用编码校验后的信息与原始信息实现了对信道估计的判决反馈更新,采用匹配追踪算法改进MMSE判决反馈追踪信道估计技术,实现了抑制传统判决反馈信道估计算法在迭代更新及传递过程中存在的误码遗传的目的。仿真和水池实验结果证实:改进的MMSE判决反馈追踪信道估计算法不仅可以有效的抑制误码遗传,对抗突发噪声,跟踪信道的缓慢时变,同时大幅降低了导频占用率,提高了通信质量。