基于计算机层析成像(CT)技术的梁山慈竹密度检测研究

密度是竹材重要的物理指标之一,与竹材的许多物理力学性能紧密相关。采用计算机层析成像(CT)技术,对2-5年生梁山慈竹(Dendroclamus farinosus)的密度时空变异特性进行了系统研究;利用正交试验设计确定了适宜的扫描参数,对其气干密度(Y)与相对应的CT值(X)之间的相关性进行分析研究,建立了线性回归模型(Y=0.001 X+1.148)并验证了该模型的准确性,得出两者之间存在着线性关系;同时利用模型计算出梁山慈竹径向和纵向的密度变化规律。为实现梁山慈竹密度的精准高效检测提供了新方法,也为深入研究竹材的材性和构造提供了新思路。     

介电常数法氢流体密度测量系统的最佳设计

本文根据低温下液体密度新的计算公式(4),系统地提出了微波谐振腔法低温液体密度测量系统的实验方案。这种方案可把密度计算误差减少到5×10~(-5)数量级,比Bottcher公式优一个数量级;精度高达5×10_(-4)比 Smetana等人的测量系统高一倍。     

Visualization of Metal-to-Ligand and Ligand-to-Ligand Charge Transfer in Metal-Ligand Complexes

利用三种方法可视化化了Ru(II) ammine的金属到配体的电荷转移. 首先原子分辨的态密度显示HOMO上的密度主要在Ru上,LUMO 上的态密度在ammine上,这说明Ru上激发的电子会转移到ammine配体上. 第二,电荷差异密度揭示了所有的空穴都在Ru上,所有的电子都在ammine上. 第三,跃迁密度矩阵揭示了Ru和ammine上的电子空穴对的相关性. 这三种方法也用来研究Os(bpy)₂(p0p)Cl的金属到配体的电荷转移和Alq3配体到配体的电荷转移.     

核子平均自由程温度效应的自洽半经典研究

利用由自治半经典(SCSC)方法确定的热核核子密度ρ_q(q=n,p)及由定域密度近似(LDA)得到的光学势的虚部,计算并分析了核子平均自由程的温度效应。     

X光辐射输运多群参数数据库的建立

 为便捷地求解等离子体的X光辐射的辐射输运多群方程需要建立辐射输运多群参数数据库, 给出了建立辐射输运多群参数数据库的计算公式和计算方法及检验计算是否 正确的校验方法。并在20(等离子体密度)×20(电子温度)的原始金原子物理参数的基础上 建立了20(等离子体密度)×20(电子温度)×20(光子温度)×20(群数)的金辐射输运多群 参数数据库。     

钠共振线的自增宽和3~2P_(3/2,1/2)能级间的碰撞转移率

利用光吸收技术测量钠蒸汽密度。在3×101~(11)到1.2×10~(12)cm~(-3)的密度范围内,将激光调谐到钠D_2线紫(红)端约70GHz,记录激光频率的Rayleigh散射,直接(D_2线)荧光和敏化(D_1线)荧光的强度。获得D_2线共振自增宽率系数k_(br,2)=5.44×10~(-7)cm~3/S±15%。给出了不同密度下Na(3P_(3/2))+Na(3S)Na(3P_(1/2))+Na(3S)的碰撞转移率。得到了在T≈184℃时碰撞转移截面σ_(21)=1.99nm±29%。并与其他的实验结果和理论作了比较。     

凝聚态物理从头计算的最新进展

文章评述了凝聚态物理从头计算(ab initio calculation)的一些最新进展.分8个问题进行了介绍,它们是:(1)静态密度泛函发展的两种思路;(2)固体的泛函:晶格常数的准确确定;(3)动态(含时)密度泛函及动态密度矩阵泛函;(4)半导体电子结构的计算:带隙和带序;(5)f电子和强关联金属;(6)莫特(Mott)绝缘体;(7)非共价(弱)相互作用;(8)以波函数为基础的研究.此外,文章还提供了一些相关的背景知识.     

HL—1装置脉冲送气控制等离子体密度实验

本文描述HL-1装置用脉冲送气控制等离子体密度的实验。其结果表明等离子体建立后工作气体的快速注入(即边缘加料)能提高等离子体密度,改善等离子体性能。在较好地控制装置放电条件后(主要是等离子体电流,位移和杂质控制),多脉冲或长脉冲补充送气能在较宽范围内(0.8—7.0×10~(19)·m~(-3))有效地控制等离子体密度及波形,装置稳定运行区域大为扩展。最后讨论了器壁再循环对密度控制的影响和送气的加料效率。     

30 MeV/u 40Ar+natAg反应中类弹碎片发射的时–空演化

报道了30MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+^natAg反应中中等质量碎片(IMF)发射时间(τ)随发射源空间大小的演化规律,并对类弹碎片的发射时空进行了讨论.结果表明,IMF的发射时标与中等质量碎片关联函数以及发射源的核物质密度(ρ)有关,而与发射源的质量数的关系不大.对于能量较高的类弹碎片来说,在较小的核物质密度下提取的发射时间也较小,因此,在正常核物质密度参数下提取出的发射时间值可作为碎片实际发射时间的上限值.中速碎片的发射时间随密度大小的变化非常缓慢,提取出的发射时间值即可作为实际的发射时间.     

光学密度可见光区光谱特性的理论分析与实验研究

光学密度是评价光学影像材料的具有唯一性的指标。随着高分子影像等的发展,对光学密度的光谱特性的要求也逐渐提高。2001年ISO对光学密度的测量条件作了新的修改规定。按照ISO新标准的光谱特性要求设计了新国家光学透射密度基准装置的组件结构,提出了一种基于光谱特性的光学密度理论测量方案,并进行了实验研究,将光学密度的光谱不确定度提高到0.001 1(0<D<4.0)和0.003 1(4.0≤D<6.0),比国际先进水平有了大幅度提高。     

Energy States in a Dimerized Chain with an Impurity

The quantum coherent property of excitons (electrons) in a dimerized chain with the interaction of an impurity is studied analytically. The energy spectrum and the wavefunctions for both the extended states and the localized states are obtained explicitly, from which the effects of the impurity and the electron-phonon interaction (which models the dimerized chain) are manifested. The symmetry properties for the energy states in the parameter space and the real space are also given.     

Stability of the two-dimensional Fermi polaron

A system composed of an ideal gas of N fermions interacting with an impurity particle in two space dimensions is considered. The interaction between impurity and fermions is given in terms of two-body point interactions whose strength is determined by the two-body binding energy, which is a free parameter of the model. If the mass of the impurity is 1.225 times larger than the mass of a fermion, it is shown that the energy is bounded below uniformly in the number N of fermions. This result improves previous, N-dependent lower bounds, and it complements a recent, similar bound for the Fermi polaron in three space dimensions.     

Non-ergodic states induced by impurity levels in quantum spin chains

The semi-infinite XY spin chain with an impurity at the boundary has been chosen as a prototype of interacting many-body systems to test for non-ergodic behavior. The model is exactly solvable in analytic way in the thermodynamic limit, where energy eigenstates and the spectrum are obtained in closed form. In addition of a continuous band, localized states may split off from the continuum, for some values of the impurity parameters. In the next step, after the preparation of an arbitrary non-equilibrium state, we observe the time evolution of the site magnetization. Relaxation properties are described by the long-time behavior, which is estimated using the stationary phase method. Absence of localized states defines an ergodic region in parameter space, where the system relaxes to a homogeneous magnetization. Out of this region, impurity levels split from the band, and localization phenomena may lead to non-ergodicity.     

Bulk and surface localized modes on a magnetic nonlinear impurity

We study localized modes on a single magnetic impurity positioned in the bulk or at the surface of a one-dimensional chain, in the presence of a magnetic field B acting at the impurity site. The strong on-site nonlinear interaction U between two electrons of opposite spin at the impurity site, modelled here as a nonlinear local term, and the presence of the external field induce a strong correlation between parallel and antiparallel spin bound states. We find that, for an impurity in the bulk, a localized vector mode (with up and down spin components) is always possible for any given value of U and B, while for a surface impurity, a minimum value of both, U and B is needed to create a vector mode. In this case, up to two localized modes are possible, but only one of them is stable. The presence of the surface seems to destabilize the bulk mode in the parameter region U∼B, creating a “forbidden strip” region in parameter space, bounded by U=B+V and U=B−V, approximately.     

Theory of periodic and solitary space charge waves in extrinsic semiconductors

We present a theory of the existence and stability of traveling periodic and solitary space charge wave solutions to a standard rate equation model of electrical conduction in extrinsic semiconductors which includes effects of field-dependent impurity impact ionization. A nondimensional set of equations is presented in which the small parameter β = (dielectric relaxation time) / (characteristic impurity time) 1 plays a crucial role for our singular perturbation analysis. For a narrow range of wave velocities a phase plane analysis gives a set of limit cycle orbits corresponding to periodic traveling waves. while for a unique value of wave velocity we find a homoclinic orbit corresponding to a moving solitary space charge wave of the type experimentally observed in p-type germanium. A linear stability analysis reveals all waves to be unstable under current bias on the infinite one-dimensional line. Finally, we conjecture that solitary waves may be stable in samples of finite length under voltage bias.     

纤锌矿GaN柱形量子点中类氢施主杂质态

在有效质量近似和变分原理的基础上,选取含两个变分参数的波函数,研究了纤锌矿结构的GaN/AlxGa1-xN单量子点中类氢施主杂质体系的结合能随量子点(QD)尺寸以及杂质在量子点中位置的变化,并与以前使用不同尝试波函数的计算结果进行了比较。结果表明:由我们选取的两变分参数波函数得到的结果与前人选取的两变分参数波函数得到的结果相比有所改进,而与选取一个变分参数波函数得到的结果一致。同时我们还计算了体系的维里定理值随量子点半径的变化情况,所得结果与前人工作结果一致,说明本文选取的两变分参数波函数能很好地描述柱形量子点中施主杂质态的运动。     

自旋为1的海森堡XX链的杂质纠缠

采用Negativity研究了匀强磁场下自旋为1的3-qutrit海森堡XX模型的基态纠缠和热纠缠. 分别探讨了纠缠伴随杂质, 温度、磁场的变化情况. 研究表明磁场的作用主要是降低纠缠, 磁场并不改变临界温度. 杂质的加入有利于增加纠缠, 临界温度的改变来自杂质参数J₁的变化. 可以通过调节温度T, 杂质参数J₁和磁场B来控制纠缠.     

Exact solutions of an Ising spin chain with a spin-1 impurity

An exact solution of a single impurity model is hard to derive since it breaks translation invariance symmetry. We present the exact solution of the spin-1/2 transverse Ising chain imbedded by a spin-1 impurity. Using the hole decomposition scheme, we exactly solve the spin-1 impurity in two subspaces which are generated by a conserved hole operator.The impurity enlarges the energy deformation of the ground state above a pure transverse Ising system without impurity.The specific heat coefficient shows a small anomaly at low temperature for finite size. This indicates that the impurity can tune the ground state from a magnetic impurity space to a non-magnetic impurity space, which only exists for spin-1impurity comparing with spin-1/2 impurity and a pure transverse Ising chain without impurity. These behaviors essentially come from adding impurity freedom, which induces a competition between hole and fermion excitation depending on the coupling strength with its neighbor and the single-ion anisotropy.     

Solitons in a molecular chain with impurities

The propagation of Davydov's soliton in the molecular chain with an impurity has been investigated. The numerical analysis demonstrates that the presence of the impurity leads to the decreasing of the soliton velocity, as well as to the localization (pinning) of the excitation in a region of space close to the impurity or even to the reflection or destruction of the soliton. The analytical results which demonstrate that the influence of the impurity is equivalent to the existence of some localized external inhomogeneous field or friction force have been obtained also.     

Visualization of nano-plasmons in graphene

We study localized plasmons at the nanoscale (nano-plasmons) in graphene. The collective excitations of induced charge density modulations in graphene are drastically changed in the vicinity of a single impurity compared to graphene's bulk behavior. The dispersion of nano-plasmons depends on the number of electrons and the sign, strength and size of the impurity potential. Due to this rich parameter space the calculated dispersions are intrinsically multidimensional requiring an advanced visualization tool for their efficient analysis, which can be achieved with parallel rendering. To overcome the problem of analyzing thousands of very complex spatial patterns of nano-plasmonic modes, we take a combined visual and quantitative approach to investigate the excitations on the two-dimensional graphene lattice. Our visual and quantitative analysis shows that impurities trigger the formation of localized plasmonic excitations of various symmetries. We visually identify dipolar, quadrupolar and radial modes, and quantify the spatial distributions of induced charges.