柠檬酸辅助水热法制备可见光高效去除甲基橙的Bi2WO6纳米片

以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和Na2WO3 ·2H2O为原料,以柠檬酸为络合剂,采用辅助水热法制备了Bi2WO6纳米片,运用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、场发射高分辨透射电镜、拉曼光谱、红外光谱和紫外-可见漫反射光谱等手段对样品进行了表征,并考察了该催化剂光催化去除甲基橙反应性能.结果表明,通过调节体系的pH值可制得结晶度良好...     

Controllable synthesis and visible-light-responsive photocatalytic activity of Bi2WO6 fluffy microsphere with hierarchical architecture

Bismuth tungstate (Bi(2)WO(6)) has attracted great research interest as an important visible-light-responsive photocatalyst. In this paper, we report a facile hydrothermal route for the shape-controlled synthesis of micro/nanostructured Bi(2)WO(6), without adding surfactants or templates. The results show that various morphologies of Bi(2)WO(6) including coralloid spherical particles, packed nanosheets, fluffy microspheres, and plates can be obtained by adjusting the pH values of the precursors. The as-prepared porous fluffy microspheres with a hierarchical architecture synthesized at pH 8 exhibit the highest photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Rhodamine (RhB) under visible light irradiation. The photodegradation efficiency reaches as high as 99% within 20 min irradiation. This enhanced photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the unique porous structure and high BET surface area of fluffy microspheres with hierarchical architecture.     

离子交换法制备高光催化活性Bi2WO6@Bi2S3异质结纳米片

社会经济快速发展的同时, 也带来了日益严峻的环境污染问题. 半导体光催化氧化技术因节能环保而在环境领域有广阔的应用前景. 作为最具有代表性的半导体光催化材料, TiO2因为其禁带宽度(3.2 eV)比较大, 只能被紫外光激发, 因而对太阳能的利用率较低. 作为一种最简单的含铋层状氧化物, Bi2WO6的禁带宽度(2.7 eV)相对较小, 可以部分利用太阳光中的可见光, 因而受到广大研究者的青睐. 但是, Bi2WO6光催化材料的可见光响应范围较窄, 仅能被波长小于450 nm的光激发, 且激发后的光生载流子容易复合, 导致光催化效率不高. 因此, 迫切需要对Bi2WO6光催化材料进行结构修饰与改性,采用拓展其光响应范围和抑制载流子复合, 来提高其光催化活性.本文采用离子交换法原位合成了具有核-壳结构的Bi2S3@Bi2WO6纳米片, 充分利用Bi2S3优良的可见光响应性能和半导体异质结光催化剂的构建, 来提高Bi2WO6的光催化活性. 结果表明, 随着Na2S·9H2O用量从0增加到1.5 g, 所得催化剂的光活性不断提高, X3B的降解速率常数由0.40×10-3min-1增加到6.6×10-3min-1, 催化剂活性提高了16.5倍. 当进一步增加Na2S·9H2O的用量时(1.5-3.0 g), 复合催化剂的光活性下降. 这是由于过多Na2S·9H2O的引入导致在催化剂表面生成了没有光活性的NaBiS2层(Bi2S3+ Na2S = 2NaBiS2), 占据了催化剂的活性位点, 阻碍了染料分子与催化剂的直接接触. Bi2WO6@Bi2S3异质结纳米片光活性的提高, 可归因于Bi2S3的敏化作用极大拓展了复合催化剂的光响应范围; 另一方面, Bi2WO6和Bi2S3两者之间的半导体异质结效应有效促进了光生载流子在空间的有效分离, 抑制了光生电子-空穴的复合, 从而提高了复合催化剂的催化效率. 本研究为其他半导体复合材料的原位生长制备提供了新的思路.     

异质结构AgCl/Bi2WO6微米球制备、表征及其光催化性能

首先利用水热法制备了由纳米片组装的粒径为1.5–2μm的Bi2WO6微球,然后在微球表面沉积了不同含量的AgCl (5 wt%,10wt%,20wt%,30wt%),制备了异质结构AgCl/Bi2WO6微球光催化剂.利用X射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、红外光谱、紫外-可见漫反射吸收等手段对所制的光催化剂进行表征,并以紫外光和可见光分别为光源,罗丹明B为降解对象测试了其光催化活性,考察复合不同含量的AgCl对Bi2WO6光催化剂的性能影响.结果表明,沉积AgCl对Bi2WO6的晶体结构、表面性能和光吸收性能没有产生明显影响,但大幅度提高了Bi2WO6的紫外和可见光催化活性.当复合20wt%AgCl时, AgCl/Bi2WO6光催化活性最佳,紫外光下比纯Bi2WO6提高了2.2倍,可见光下提高了1倍.这主要是由于形成的AgCl/Bi2WO6异质结能有效抑制光生电子和空穴的复合,从而提了其光催化性能.     

圆盘状Bi2WO6-BiPO4异质结的水热合成及光催化性能

采用水热法制备Bi2WO6-BiPO4异质结光催化剂．利用模拟太阳光照射下的罗丹明B降解实验评价了Bi2WO6-BiPO4复合物的光催化性能．结果表明,Bi2WO6-BiPO4光催化活性比Bi2WO6和BiPO4高得多．当Bi2WO6与BiPO4的摩尔比为1：1时复合光催化剂对罗丹明B的降解率最高．Bi2WO6-BiPO4催化活性增强主要归结为两者之间形成了有效的异质结结构,其内建电场能够促进光生载流子的分离．同时,Bi2WO6的加入增强了其对可见光的吸收．研究表明O2^· -和h^＋在光催化降解过程中是主要的活性物种.     

Photophysical properties and photocatalytic activities of bismuth molybdates under visible light irradiation

Aurivillius structure Bi(2)MoO(6) (BG: 2.70 eV) that is a low-temperature phase showed an intense absorption band in the visible light region and photocatalytic activity for O(2) evolution from an aqueous silver nitrate solution under visible light irradiation, among various bismuth molybdates (Bi(2)MoO(6), Bi(2)Mo(2)O(9), and Bi(2)Mo(3)O(12)) synthesized by solid-state and reflux reactions. Bi(2)Mo(3)O(12) (BG: 2.88 eV) also showed photocatalytic activity for O(2) evolution under full-arc irradiation of a Xe lamp (lambda > 300 nm). The photocatalytic activity of the Aurivillius structure Bi(2)MoO(6) prepared by the reflux method was dependent on the annealing temperature after the preparation. The crystallinity was the important factor for the activity. Calculation by the density functional method indicated that the conduction band of Aurivillius structure Bi(2)MoO(6) was made up of Mo 4d orbitals. It turned out that the visible-light absorption of this photocatalyst was due to the transition from the valence band consisting of O 2p orbitals to the conduction band. The corner-sharing structure of the MoO(6) octahedra contributed to the visible light response and the photocatalytic performance because excitation energy and/or photogenerated electron and hole pairs began to migrate easily in the Aurivillius structure.     

Z-机制磷酸银/钨酸铋复合物的构建及其可见光催化降解有机污染物(英文)

环境危害不仅对人类健康构成巨大威胁,而且也阻碍了经济社会的快速发展.光催化剂通过利用太阳能来降解污染物为环境问题提供一条理想的途径.光催化剂的制备应该考虑以下几点:(1)对可见光响应;(2)高量子效率和稳定性;(3)安全、廉价、无毒的原材料.早期的一些催化剂如二氧化钛、氧化锌、硫化锌、锗酸锌和磷酸铋等在紫外线照射下表现出优秀的光催化活性.但是紫外光是稀有的,而且对人体健康有害.近年来,对宽带隙半导体的改性如掺杂、贵金属沉积、构建异质结或固溶体催化剂取得了有效进展.遗憾的是,受限于材料的固有属性,有限的改进仍然不能满足实际应用的需求.因此,探索高效稳定的可见光驱动的光催化剂依然是十分有意义的.磷酸银在可见光下表现出超强的光催化降解有机污染物和产氧的能力,但是磷酸银容易受到光腐蚀,光催化活性和稳定性很难维持.另外,磷酸银导带上的电子电势较正,这将导致其很难在光催化过程中被利用.而磷酸银导带上电子的积累会抑制其内部电子空穴对的分离,从而对磷酸银的光催化活性和稳定性造成不利影响.本文选择钨酸铋纳米片与磷酸银复合去抑制电子空穴对的复合和进一步提高磷酸银的活性和稳定性.样品的粉末X射线衍射、能谱和X光电子能谱的分析证实了磷酸银/钨酸铋复合物已经被成功合成.稳态荧光光谱证实了磷酸银/钨酸铋复合物的构建可以作为一种有效抑制电子和空穴对复合的手段.通过对样品进行光催化降解次甲基蓝的实验,我们发现磷酸银/钨酸铋复合材料展现出比磷酸银和钨酸铋更强的光催化活性.其中,磷酸银/钨酸铋光催化降解次甲基蓝的速率为0.61385 min~(-1),这是磷酸银(0.47179 min~(-1))和钨酸铋(0.10270 min~(-1))活性的1.3和6.0倍.同时,磷酸银/钨酸铋表现出耐久的稳定性,在连续五次光降解过程中几乎没有明显的活性损失.进一步通过对磷酸银/钨酸铋复合材料进行光催化活性成分的捕获实验,我们发现空穴、超氧负离子自由基和羟基自由基都发挥了一定的作用.最后,我们讨论了光催化机制,Z-机制光催化机制被认为是合理的.     

Synthesis, characterization and visible light photocatalytic properties of Bi2WO6/rectorite composites

Visible light-induced Bi(2)WO(6)/rectorite (BR) composites were prepared by a sol-gel method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET). The UV absorption edges of the BR-450 catalyst showed a marked red shift as compared to that of the pure Bi(2)WO(6). The photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared samples were evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of 4BS dye in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation (>420 nm). The results showed that the BR-450 catalyst exhibited a strong adsorption capability and a higher photocatalytic degradation activity than the pure Bi(2)WO(6) for 4BS dye, which could be attributed to the synergetic effects of the adsorbability of rectorite and the photocatalytic property of Bi(2)WO(6) in it.     

Visible-light-induced degradation of rhodamine B by nanosized Bi2WO6

Visible-light-induced photodegradation of rhodamine B over nanosized Bi2WO6 has been observed. Bi2WO6 exhibited a high photoactivity to photodegrade rhodamine B in the central pH solution under visible irradiation (lambda > 420 nm). After five recycles for the photodegradation of rhodamine B, the catalyst did not exhibit any significant loss of activity, confirming the photocatalyst is essentially stable. The total organic carbon measurement displayed that a high degree of mineralization was achieved in the present photochemical system. The results of density functional theory calculation illuminated that the visible-light absorption band in the Bi2WO6 catalyst is attributed to the band transition from the hybrid orbitals of Bi6s and O2p to the W5d orbitals. The Bi2WO6-assisted photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine occurs via two competitive processes: a photocatalytic process and a photosensitized process. The transformation of rhodamine is mainly via the photocatalytic process. Kinetic studies by using electron spin resonance and the radical scavenger technologies suggest that *OH is not the dominant photooxidant. Direct hole transfers and O2*- could take part in Bi2WO6 photocatalysis. This study provided a possible treatment approach for organic pollutants by using visible light in aqueous ecosystems.     

增强光催化活性的3D分级结构Bi2W06微球及表面酸性

以KNO3为矿化剂,用水热法制备了3D分级结构Bi2WO6微球,通过XRD、SEM、BET对产物进行了表征．探讨了3D分级结构Bi2WO6微球可能的形成机理．以罗丹明B为模型污染物,研究了合成产物的光催化性质．结果表明：在紫外光下,RhB的降解以共轭结构断裂的光催化反应为主;而在可见光照射下,RhB的降解可能是光催化和光敏化共同作用的结果．进一步以吡啶为探针分子,通过吸附吡啶红外光谱探讨了Bi2W06表面酸性与光催化降解RhB之间的关系．研究显示,Bi2W06具有较强的表面酸性,增强了Bi2WO6与RhB分子之间吸附作用,有利于染料分子上的电子跃迁至催化剂上,易于发生光敏化和光催化反应。     

亚硫酸盐协助中空Bi2WO6微球的光催化性能

本文利用亚硫酸盐与Bi2WO6协同作用,有效地提升其光催化活性。以甲基橙和抗生素环丙沙星(CIP)作为被降解物对该体系的光催化降解性能和机理进行了研究。结果表明:光催化活性增强主要原因为亚硫酸盐能与Bi2WO6的光生空穴及羟基自由基反应,不仅能生成新的活性物质亚硫酸自由基(SO3^2-),还能促进Bi2WO6光生电子—空穴对的分离。此外,还考察了催化剂的用量、和污染物的浓度对该体系光催化性能的影响。     

碳修饰钨酸铋光催化降解水体中的邻苯二甲酸酯

以Bi(NO3)3.5H2O、Na2WO4.2H2O为反应物,采用水热法,经由葡萄糖炭化合成了碳修饰Bi2WO6(C-Bi2WO6)催化剂;考察了C-Bi2WO6光催化降解3种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的催化性能.结果表明:C-Bi2WO6对PAEs的降解效果优于Bi2WO6,特别是在葡萄糖与Na2WO4.2H2O质量比约10∶100条件下得到的催化剂的催化性能最优.与此同时,当PAEs的pH=6时,降解效果最好;而PAEs的浓度也对PAEs的光催化降解有一定的影响.     

A three-way synergy of triple-modified Bi2WO6/Ag/N-TiO2 nanojunction film for enhanced photogenerated charges utilization

We demonstrate a general strategy to prepare Bi(2)WO(6)/Ag/N-TiO(2) film with double visible-light-active components bridged by Ag nanoparticles as an electron shuttle, which exhibits enhanced photocatalytic activity and photoelectrochemical performance under visible light.     

An anion exchange approach to Bi(2)WO(6) hollow microspheres with efficient visible light photocatalytic reduction of CO(2) to methanol

An anion exchange strategy is explored to synthesize Bi(2)WO(6) hollow microspheres based on the microscale Kirkendall effect. The as-prepared Bi(2)WO(6) hollow microspheres display high CO(2) adsorption capacity and visible light photocatalytic conversion efficiency of CO(2) into methanol without the aid of any co-catalyst.     

可见光响应光催化剂BiYWO6的制备、表征及其完全分解水的研究

制备了一种可见光响应的光催化剂BiYWO6, 该体系是Bi2WO6-Y2WO6的伪二元固溶体, 其禁带宽度为2.71 eV. 其负载了助催化剂后, 可在紫外光和可见光下完全分解水生成氢气和氧气, 其中负载RuO2助催化剂的BiYWO6具有最好的光催化活性. 通过对光催化反应前后的BiYWO6和助催化剂的表面各元素的化学状态的研究证实了RuO2/BiYWO6体系的稳定性. 比较分析了BiYWO6的能带结构, 认为可见光完全分解水的性能可归因于Y和Bi在固溶体BiYWO6中形成了合适的能带结构.     

Bismuth-doped ordered mesoporous TiO2: visible-light catalyst for simultaneous degradation of phenol and chromium

A controllable and reproducible synthesis of highly ordered two-dimensional hexagonal mesoporous, crystalline bismuth-doped TiO(2) nanocomposites with variable Bi ratios is reported here. Analyses by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that the well-ordered mesostructure is doped with Bi, which exists as Bi(3+) and Bi((3+x+)). The Bi-doped mesoporous TiO(2) (ms-TiO(2)) samples exhibit improved photocatalytic activities for simultaneous phenol oxidation and chromium reduction in aqueous suspension under visible and UV light over the pure ms-TiO(2), P-25, and conventional Bi-doped titania. The high catalytic activity is due to both the unique structural characteristics and the Bi doping. This new material extends the spectral response from UV to the visible region, and reduces electron-hole recombination, which renders the 2.0% Bi-doped ms-TiO(2) photocatalyst highly responsive to visible light.     

Efficient visible-light photocatalytic water splitting by minute amounts of gold supported on nanoparticulate CeO2 obtained by a biopolymer templating method

When irradiated with visible light (λ > 400 nm) 1 wt % gold-supported ceria nanoparticles generate oxygen from water (10.5 μmol·h(-1)) more efficiently than the standard WO(3) (1.7 μmol·h(-1)) even under UV irradiation (9.5 μmol·h(-1)). This remarkable photocatalytic activity arises from a novel preparation method to reduce the particle size of ceria (5 nm) by means of electrostatic binding of Ce(4+) to alginate gel, subsequent supercritical CO(2) drying, and calcination. The low loading of Au is crucial for the observed high catalytic activity.     

Synthesis, property characterization and photocatalytic activity of the novel composite polymer polyaniline/Bi2SnTiO7

A novel polyaniline/Bi(2)SnTiO(7 )composite polymer was synthesized by chemical oxidation in-situ polymerization method and sol-gel method for the first time. The structural properties of novel polyaniline/Bi(2)SnTiO(7) have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray spectrometry. The lattice parameter of Bi(2)SnTiO(7) was found to be a = 10.52582(8) ?. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was realized under visible light irradiation with the novel polyaniline/Bi(2)SnTiO(7) as catalyst. The results showed that novel polyaniline/Bi(2)SnTiO(7 )possessed higher catalytic activity compared with Bi(2)InTaO(7) or pure TiO(2) or N-doped TiO(2) for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue with the novel polyaniline/Bi(2)SnTiO(7) or N-doped TiO(2) as catalyst followed first-order reaction kinetics, and the first-order rate constant was 0.01504 or 0.00333 min(-1). After visible light irradiation for 220 minutes with novel polyaniline/Bi(2)SnTiO(7 )as catalyst, complete removal and mineralization of methylene blue was observed. The reduction of the total organic carbon, the formation of inorganic products, SO(4)2- and NO(3-), and the evolution of CO(2) revealed the continuous mineralization of methylene blue during the photocatalytic process. The possible photocatalytic degradation pathway of methylene blue was obtained under visible light irradiation.     

WO3/BiOCl, a novel heterojunction as visible light photocatalyst

A bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) nanostructure is prepared by a new low temperature route using sodium dodecyl sulfate as template and urea as hydrolytic agent. A novel heterojunction is developed between BiOCl and tungsten oxide (WO(3)) to make it an efficient visible light photocatalyst. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and N(2) sorption isotherms. The WO(3)/BiOCl heterojunction system extends the absorption edge to the visible region efficiently. BiOCl works as a main photocatalyst while WO(3) acts as the photosensitizer absorbing visible light in the WO(3)/BiOCl composite. The individual BiOCl and WO(3) show very low photocatalytic efficiency under visible light irradiation but their heterojunction provides unexpectedly high efficiency in decomposing rhodamine B as compared to Degussa P25, pure BiOCl, and WO(3).     

可见光下Fe3+掺杂对K2La2Ti3O10分解水制氢性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Fe3+掺杂的Fe-K2La2Ti3O10光催化剂, 并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射(DRS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对其进行了表征和分析, 考察了不同掺杂量对K2La2Ti3O10的性质及光催化分解水制氢活性的影响. 结果表明, Fe-K2La2Ti3O10在400-650 nm范围内显示强吸收, 光谱响应扩展到可见光区(λ>400 nm), 掺杂Fe3+后, K2La2Ti3O10的可见光区的光催化制氢活性显著提高, 掺杂量为nFe/nTi=0.04时活性最佳, 当催化剂用量为0.1 g, 反应液为CH3OH(30 mL)+H2O(90 mL)时, 产氢量达到1.92 μmol·h-1, 为未掺杂时的4倍.