Synthesis and characterization of polymers containing linear sugar moieties as side groups

The synthesis of a water-soluble monomer, namely 4-vinylphenyl-d-gluco(d-manno)hexitol (4) derived from d-gluconolactone, is here presented. The homopolymerization of the vinylsugar has been conducted in both aqueous and organic media using free-radical initiators. High-molar-mass water-soluble polymers are obtained. The copolymerization behavior of the vinylphenyl sugar monomer with a hydrophilic monomer such as acrylamide, as well as with a hydrophobic monomer such as styrene, has been investigated. Statistical- and block-type copolymers have thus been prepared. The structures of the polymers were confirmed by NMR and their thermal properties examined by DSC.     

室温离子液体中水溶性铑膦配合物催化1-己烯氢甲酰化反应的研究

研究了水溶性膦配体铑配合物在若干离子液体中的1-己烯氢甲酰化反应性能．通过改变离子液体的阴阳离子结构，可使水溶性TPPTS-铑配合物在离子液体中表现出较高的卜己烯氢甲酰化反应活性和选择性；在[BMI]BF4离子液体中加入适量的水，可提高TPPTS-铑配合物的催化活性；在[BMI]BF4离子液体中，水／有机两亲性膦配体与铑形成的配合物，反应后催化剂与产物自动分层，实现催化剂的循环使用．本文结果表明，水溶性膦配体铑配合物的催化活性与其在离子液体中的溶解度密切相关．     

Synthesis and characterization of a novel molecularly imprinted polymer for simultaneous extraction and determination of water-soluble and fat-soluble synthetic colorants in chilli products by solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography

A sorbent was synthesized and investigated for molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE). Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) were synthesized via precipitation polymerization procedure, where 4-vinyl pyridine (4-VP) was used as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) as cross-linking agent. The imprinting effect of the MISPE was evaluated by elution experiments. The resulting MISPE showed high extraction selectivity to water-soluble and fat-soluble synthetic colorants. The determination of multi-residue for three kinds of water-soluble and six kinds of fat-soluble synthetic colorants in chilli products was also investigated by HPLC coupled with MISPE. The mean recoveries calculated by solvent calibration curve for water-soluble and fat-soluble synthetic colorants were from 72.1% to 95.6% for chilli spice and 72.1% to 92.3% for chilli powder. The decision limit (CCα) and the detection capability (CCβ) obtained for water-soluble and fat-soluble synthetic colorants were in the range of 1.2–1.6 and 1.9–2.4 μg kg⁻¹ in chilli spice and chilli powder. The resulting MISPE was successfully used off-line for the determination of nine kinds of synthetic colorants in chilli products.     

Synthesis and Properties of Water-Soluble Branched Polyester Poly{3-[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propyl]amino}propionate and Its Copper(II) Complex

A new water-soluble multidentate ligand based on a second-generation hyperbranched polyester containing 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propionate fragments in the terminal position has been synthesized, and its complex with copper(II) has been obtained. The degree of polyester functionalization with aminopropylmorpholine is 56%.     

A general strategy for the synthesis of upconversion rare earth fluoride nanocrystals via a novel OA/ionic liquid two-phase system

Herein we report a general strategy to synthesize highly uniform and monodisperse rare earth fluoride nanocrystals through a novel OA/ionic liquid two-phase system, while water-soluble hexagonal NaREF(4) nanocrystals are obtained by adding n-octanol.     

Interaction of water-soluble calix[4]arene with l-tryptophan studied by fluorescence spectroscopy

The complexing ability of water-soluble calix[4]arene for l-tryptophan (l-try) was investigated by a variety of techniques. The spectrofluorometry titrations were performed at different temperatures to determine stability constants, as well as to evaluate the thermodynamic parameters of the obtained complex. The effect of pH on the complexation process was quantitatively assessed. Moreover, to obtain information about the binding mechanism of the interaction, ¹H NMR studies were carried out. Molecular modeling showed that water-soluble calix[4]arene accommodated part of l-amino acid in its cavity meanwhile the aliphatic chain of l-tryptophan stuck out of the cavity. Based on the experiment data, the association process of complexes was established. The water-soluble calix[4]arene was found to be able to adjust its conformation to fit the size of aromatic l-tryptophan, and the benzene ring of amino acid penetrated into the hydrophobic cavity of calix[4]arene.     

Synthesis and application of rhodium complexes of asymmetric water-soluble diphosphine derived from 2-[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]-4-(diphenylphosphino)-pyrrolidine

Optical yields of up to 60% are obtained in the hydrogenation in water of prochiral compounds in the presence of rhodium complexes of asymmetric water-soluble diphosphines derived from 2-[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]-4-(diphenylphosphino)pyrrolidine.     

Supramolecular interaction between water-soluble calix[4]arene and ATP--the catalysis of calix[4]arene for hydrolysis of ATP

The catalysis effect of water-soluble calix[4]arene C[4] (calix[4]arene-5,11,17,23-tetrasulfonate) on hydrolysis of ATP in aqueous solution was studied by HPLC. Using laser photolysis and pulse radiolysis, the supramolecular interaction between water-soluble calix[4]arene and ATP was investigated.     

Water-soluble Fe3O4 nanoparticles with high solubility for removal of heavy-metal ions from waste water

In this contribution, we synthesized water-soluble Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles (NPs) with sufficiently high solubility (28 mg mL(-1)) and stability (at least one month) through a hydrothermal approach, and found that they exhibited excellent removal ability for heavy-metal ions from waste water. For the first time, the water-soluble Fe(3)O(4) NPs were used as adsorbents for heavy-metals removal from wastewater. It is noteworthy that the adsorption ability of the water-soluble Fe(3)O(4) NPs for Pb(2+) and Cr(6+) is stronger than water-insoluble Fe(3)O(4) NPs. Furthermore, the water-soluble Fe(3)O(4) NPs exhibited relatively high saturation magnetization (83.4 emu g(-1)), which allowed their highly-efficient magnetic separation from wastewater. The most important thing is that the water-soluble magnetite as an adsorbent can directly dissolve in water without the help of mechanical stirring or any extraneous forces, which may solve a key problem for the practical application of magnetic powders in the field of sewage purification. Moreover, the water-soluble Fe(3)O(4) NPs show a highly-efficient adsorption capacity for 10 ppm of Pb(2+) ions solution which can reach 90% within 2 minutes.     

马尾松和湿地松松针挥发性成分的提取及GC-MS比较分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取马尾松和湿地松松针叶挥发油的油相部分,用乙醚萃取法提取蒸馏残液中的水溶性挥发性组分,利用气相色谱-质谱联用分析比较它们的化学成分。由于增加了水溶性部分的提取,马尾松和湿地松挥发油总的得油率提高到0.4709%和0.3452%,提高率分别达19.17%和24.62%。马尾松挥发油的油相成分和水溶性成分组成部分相同,但含量相差较大;而湿地松针叶精油的油相和水相部分成分组成差别较大;马尾松和湿地松相比较,针叶精油（油相部分）的主要化学成分大致相同,都是以单萜和倍半萜为主,但在含量上有较大差别。     

Synthesis of Copolymers of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-Vinylpyrrolidone with Crotonic Acid Modified with 4-Oxybenzaldehyde

Radical copolymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone with crotonic acid in 2-propanol has afforded water-soluble products, which have been characterized in terms of composition as well as molecular and hydrodynamic parameters. The obtained copolymers have been modified with 4-oxybenzaldehyde. Structures of the products of the polymer analogous reaction, potential carriers of several bioactive substances, have been confirmed using elemental and functional analysis and spectroscopic data.     

Study of the mechanism of the emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization of the styrene/4-vinylpyridine system

For the emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of styrene with the water-soluble comonomer 4-vinylpyrindine (4VP), and using ammonium persulfate as an initiator, the kinetics, the content of 4VP, the molecular weight and the molecular weight distributions of the polymer at various conversions, and particle morphologies have been investigated. Based on the results obtained, the particle nucleation mechanism was discussed. Received: 9 September 1998 Accepted in revised form: 23 February 1999     

New derivatives of meso-(tetra-4-pyridyl)porphine and their reactions

Some reactions of Co-meso(tetra-4-pyridyl)porphine were carried out, and a cyanopyridine complex was isolated. New water-soluble complexes based on Co-meso-(tetra-4-N-hydroxyethylpyridyl)porphine were obtained. Aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic amines were examined as ligands.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 212–216, February, 1986.     

Ferrocene derivatives supported on poly(N-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one) (PVP): Synthesis of new water-soluble electrochemically active probes for biomolecules

Carboxy-terminated polyvinylpyrrolidin-2-one (PVP) has been used as a new water-soluble and biocompatible polymeric support for a series of ferrocene labeled amino acid and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) monomer derivatives 4-7. The organometallic polymer-conjugates thus obtained are new and potentially useful as water-soluble electrochemically active probes for biomolecules. In view of such application, their electrochemical activity has been evaluated and has proved very high notwithstanding the complexity and bulkiness of the molecule, affording detection limits down to 10⁻⁸ M in the aqueous medium.     

Highly water-soluble neutral BODIPY dyes with controllable fluorescence quantum yields

A series of novel highly water-soluble neutral BODIPY dyes have been obtained by functionalization of BODIPY dyes with branched oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether groups at positions 8, 2 and 6 or 4 and 4'. Use of an ortho-substituent group of branched oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether on the meso-phenyl ring of BODIPY dyes and replacement of the fluorine atoms of BODIPY dyes at positions 4 and 4' with methyloxy or ethynyl subunits significantly enhance fluorescence quantum yields of BODIPY dyes.     

Syntheses of homopolymer and water-soluble polymers containing tetraphenylporphinatomanganese(III) complex,and ligand substitution reaction for anionic ligand

A vinyl monomer containing the pendant tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) group, 4-vinyltetraphenylporphyrin (VTPP), was synthesized. A homopolymer (PVTPP) which is insoluble in water, and three water-soluble polymers were obtained by radical polymerization. The water-soluble polymers are two anionic polymers (PVPTSPP and PVTPP-StSO₃) and a cationic polymer (PVTPP-VPyM). PVPTSPP has sulfonic acid groups in a TPP group and very high charge density. PVTPP-StSO₃ was obtained by copolymerization of VTPP and sodium 4-styrenesulfonate. PVTPP-VPyM was obtained by quarternarization of a copolymer of VTPP and 4-vinylpyridine. Polymeric manganese(III) complexes (PMn-VTPP, PMnVPTSPP, PMnVTPP-StSO₃, and PMnVTPP-VPyM) were prepared from the polymers and manganese acetate. The acetate ligand in PMnVTPP can be easily substituted by another ligand such as Cl^?, AcO^?, OH^?, and SCN^?. The substitution reaction occurs in the interface between water and chloroform. The sulfonated homopolymer, PMnVPTSPP, cannot incorporate with anionic ligands because of the strong electrostatic repulsion. In the anionic copolymer, PMnVTPP-StSO₃, the ligand substitution reaction with SCN ligand needs activation energy of 53 kJ/mol. In the cationic polymer complex, PMnVTPP-VPyM, the OH ligand can be easily substituted with the SCN ligand and the equilibrium constant of the reaction was estimated at 1.38 × 10^?3. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The structure and thermodynamics of calix[n]arene complexes with dipyridines and phenanthroline in aqueous solution studied by microcalorimetry and NMR spectroscopy

The complex stability constants (K(S)) and thermodynamic parameters (DeltaH degrees and TDeltaS degrees) for 1:1 intermolecular complexation of three water-soluble calixarenes, that is, p-sulfonato calix[4]arene (C4AS), p-sulfonato thiacalix[4]arene (TCAS), and p-sulfonato calix[5]arene (C5AS), with dipyridines (4-DPD and 2-DPD) and 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) have been determined by means of titration microcalorimetry in an acidic buffer solution (pH = 2.0) at 298.15 K, and their binding modes have been investigated by (1)H NMR and 2D ROESY NMR spectroscopy. The results obtained indicate that 4-DPD, 2-DPD, and Phen are included in the cavity of C5AS with the different patterns, this is, accumbent for 4-DPD, acclivitous for 2-DPD and Phen, while Phen is included upright in the cavity of C4AS. The K(S) values decrease with increasing cavity size of host molecules but enhance with extending conjugation degree of guest molecules, and thus C4AS exhibits an exceptionally high Phen/4-DPD selectivity of 22.5. Thermodynamically, the complexation of DPDs/Phen with the water-soluble calixarenes is obviously enthalpy-driven, but the molecular selectivity is mainly governed by the entropy term.     

Design of water-soluble block copolymers containing poly(4-vinylpyridine) by atom transfer radical polymerization

The preparation of block copolymers consisting of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was investigated. The goal was to synthesize water-soluble block copolymers with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as first block, a water-soluble polymer at any pH. First, a PEO macroinitiator was prepared for the ATRP block copolymerization of 4-vinylpyridine. In the second stage, the kinetic behaviour of this block copolymerization was investigated for two different types of PEO-macroinitiators and catalyst systems, based on CuCl or CuCl₂/Cu(0), with tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (Me₆-TREN) as the ligand. Various combinations of initiator and catalyst led to a controlled block copolymerization with optimized results obtained for chlorinated poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether as macroinitiator, together with CuCl₂/Cu(0)/Me₆-TREN as catalyst system. With the latter system, narrow polydispersities (1.25) could be reached for PEO-P4VP block copolymers.     

Synthesis of a hemostatic drug from cellulose acetate

Hemostatic resorbent polymeric materials have been synthesized from water-soluble acetylcellulose, lagochilin, and lagohirsin. The substances obtained possess an effective hemostatic action and have a water-soluble form.Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 238–241, March–April, 1998.     

Synthesis and nanostructures of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-piperidyl)porphyrin

A new water-soluble porphyrin, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-piperidyl)porphyrin (T(4-Pip)P), has been synthesized. T(4-Pip)P is related to the extensively studied water-soluble porphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-pyridyl)porphyrin (T(4-Py)P) but has substituents with different electronic and hydrogen-bonding properties and is soluble over a much larger pH range due to the higher pK_a of its conjugate acid T(4-H-Pip)P⁴⁺. Investigations of the ionic self-assembly reactions of T(4-H-Pip)P⁴⁺ with anionic water-soluble porphyrins reveal that it forms nanoscale materials.