Synthesis and characterization by MALDI-TOF MS of polycyclic siloxanes derived from p-substituted novolac resins by MALDI-TOF MS

Novel polycyclic siloxane resins were prepared from phenol-formaldehyde novolac type resins by reacting them with dialkyl or diaryl dichlorosilanes under anhydrous and high dilution conditions. The formation of polycyclic species was confirmed by the detection of absolute masses by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. ¹H- and ²⁹Si-NMR confirmed the substitutions of phenolic hydroxy groups by siloxane bonds. Curing studies were conducted on the polycyclic siloxane resins as well as on the polycyclic siloxane resins incorporated into two types of polysiloxane gums. A trace amount of potassium hydroxide was used as a catalyst for the crosslinking of these systems. The blend of polysiloxane with 30 wt % polycyclic siloxane was found to be stable at the curing temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis techniques were used to study the thermal profiles of these systems. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 36: 2429–2437, 1998     

Discrimination of Thermoplastic Polyesters by MALDI-TOF MS and Py-GC/MS

The aim of this work is to discriminate thermoplastic polyester-polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), which cannot be easily identified by many methods. Both matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) were applied to identify these polyesters owing to their analytical ability to determining polymers' chemical structure. The three thermoplastic polyesters can be easily distinguished by MALDI-TOF MS according to their different repeated units. Py-GC/MS was used to analyze their specific pyrolyzates. The three polyesters can be identified through their characteristic pyrolysis products as well.     

New matrix of MALDI-TOF MS for analysis of small molecules

New matrix, metal-phthalocyanine (MPc), of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used for analysis of small molecules (usually <500 Da). By using MPcs as matrices, small molecular samples were moved to high mass-to-charge region where there was no interference caused by the traditional matrices. The mass of the target analyte was obtained by simple calculation.     

A novel strategy for MALDI-TOF MS analysis of small molecules

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) does not work efficiently on small molecules (usually with molecular weight below 500 Da) because of the interference of matrix-related peaks in low m/z region. The previous methods developed for this problem focused on reducing the peaks caused by the traditional matrices. Here, we report a novel strategy to analyze small molecules in a high and interference-free mass range by using metal-phthalocyanines (MPcs) as matrices which should be capable of forming matrix-analyte adducts. The mass of the target analyte was calculated by subtracting the mass of MPc from the mass of the MPc-analyte adduct. MPcs were also detectable and could serve as internal standards. Various MPcs with aromatic or aliphatic groups and different metal centers were then synthesized and explored. Aluminum-phthalocyanines (AlPcs), gallium-phthalocyanines (GaPcs), and indium-phthalocyanines (InPcs) were efficient matrices to form MPc-analyte adducts in either the positive or negative ion mode. The detection limits varied from 17 to 75 fmol, depending on analyte types. The mechanism of adducts formation was also proposed. Collectively, our strategy provides a novel and efficient way to analyze small molecules by MALDI-TOF MS.     

Intensive optimization and evaluation of global DNA methylation quantification using LC-MS/MS

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry - DNA methylation is a typical epigenetic phenomenon. Numerous methods for detecting global DNA methylation levels have been developed, among which LC-MS/MS...     

MALDI-TOF MS测定多肽类聚合物相对分子质量的条件优化

本文用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱来测定多肽类聚合物的相对分子质量,对基质、溶剂以及添加阳离子条件进行了优化。     

Development of an automated digestion and droplet deposition microfluidic chip for MALDI-TOF MS

An automated proteolytic digestion bioreactor and droplet deposition system was constructed with a plastic microfluidic device for off-line interfacing to matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The microfluidic chips were fabricated in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), using a micromilling machine and incorporated a bioreactor, which was 100 microm wide, 100 microm deep, and possessed a 4 cm effective channel length (400 nL volume). The chip was operated by pressure-driven flow and mounted on a robotic fraction collector system. The PMMA bioreactor contained surface immobilized trypsin, which was covalently attached to the UV-modified PMMA surface using coupling reagents N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and hydroxysulfosuccinimide (sulfo-NHS). The digested peptides were mixed with a MALDI matrix on-chip and deposited as discrete spots on MALDI targets. The bioreactor provided efficient digestion of a test protein, cytochrome c, at a flow rate of 1 microL/min, producing a reaction time of approximately 24 s to give adequate sequence coverage for protein identification. Other proteins were also evaluated using this solid-phase bioreactor. The efficiency of digestion was evaluated by monitoring the sequence coverage, which was 64%, 35%, 58%, and 47% for cytochrome c, bovine serum albumin (BSA), myoglobin, and phosphorylase b, respectively.     

MALDI-TOF MS analysis of native and permethylated or benzimidazole-derivatized polysaccharides

MALDI-TOF MS provides rapid and sensitive analyses of larger biomolecules. However, MS analyses of polysaccharide have been reported to have lower sensitivity compared to peptides and proteins. Here, we investigated some polysaccharides chemically derivatized by permethylation and ortho-phenylene diamine (OPD) tagging. Methylated glycan is obviously able to improve the sensitivity for mass spectrometry detection. Oxidative condensation by UV-activation tagging to saccharides by OPD and peptide-OPD also improve the sensitivity of MALDI-TOF MS analyses. Polysaccharides including dextran, glucomannan, arabinoxylan, arabinogalactan and beta-1,3-glucan, isolated from nutritional supplements of Ganoderma lucidum and Saccharomyces pastorianus were measured using MALDI-TOF MS with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHB) as the matrix. These glycans were also derivatized to methylated and benzimidazole-tagged glycans by chemical transformation for molecular weight analysis. The derivatized polysaccharides showed excellent MALDI-TOF MS signal enhancement in the molecular weight range from 1 to 5 kDa. Here, we demonstrate an efficient method to give glycan-benzimidazole (glycan-BIM) derivatives for polysaccharide determination in MALDI-TOF MS. Therefore, permethylated or benzimidazole-derivatized polysaccharides provide a new option for polysaccharide analysis using MALDI-TOF MS.     

A membrane separation technique for optimizing sample preparation of MALDI-TOF MS detection

Here, we report a new method based on the combination of membrane separation technology and nanomaterial to rapid detection of peptides and protein with MALDI-TOF MS. This method shows advantages as it can inhibit the heterogeneous of sample spot and enhance the target molecular signal intensity.     

Identification of marker proteins for Bacillus anthracis using MALDI-TOF MS and ion trap MS/MS after direct extraction or electrophoretic separation

Direct extraction of bacterial vegetative cells or spores followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) has become popular for bacterial identification, since it is simple to perform and mass spectra are readily interpreted. However, only high-abundance proteins that are of low mass and ionize readily are observed. In the case of B. anthracis spores, small acid-soluble spore proteins (SASPs) have been the most widely studied. Additional information can be obtained using tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) to confirm the identity of proteins by sequencing. This is most readily accomplished using ion trap (IT) MS-MS. However, enzymatic digestion of these proteins is needed to generate peptides that are within the mass range of the ion trap. The use of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), or other forms of electrophoresis, allows one to focus on specific proteins of interest (e.g. the high mass exosporium glycoproteins BcIA and BcIB) that provide additional species- and strain-specific discrimination.     

一种液相色谱分离与质谱鉴定白血病K562细胞蛋白的方法

分别通过3种色谱模式:反相高效液相色谱(RPLC)、弱阴离子交换-反相高效液相色谱(WAX-RPLC)和排阻-反相高效液相色谱(SEC-RPLC)对K562细胞的蛋白质进行分离,收集的色谱馏分采用基质辅助电离解析时间飞行质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)进行鉴定后,比较所获得的蛋白质数据.结果显示:当选择SEC-RPLC模式构建K562细胞蛋白质图谱时,检测到的蛋白质数目最多,信息最为全面.此法的建立为白血病的临床研究提供了一种有效的手段.     

Synthesis and MALDI-TOF MS Analysis of Protected Oligosaccharide Components of N-Glycoproteins

Essential components of N-glycoproteins were synthesized in octyl glycoside form starting from 3-O-allyl-D-glucose derivative. The β-mannosidic linkage was formed by the oxidation reduction method. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and its post-source decay (PSD) mode were used for identification and structural elucidation of protected synthetic oligosaccharides related to N-glycoproteins. Most fragments, identified in the PSD spectra, were products of the cleavage of glycosidic bonds.     

Preparation of graphene-encapsulated magnetic microspheres for protein/peptide enrichment and MALDI-TOF MS analysis

The Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2)@graphene microspheres were prepared and demonstrated to be highly efficient enrichment materials for proteins and peptides in MALDI-TOF MS analysis.     

Photoelectrochemical immunosensor for label-free detection and quantification of anti-cholera toxin antibody

We demonstrate herein a newly developed photoelectrochemical immunosensor for the determination of anti-cholera toxin antibody by using a photosensitive biotinylated polypyrrole film. The latter was generated by electro-oxidation of a biotinylated tris(bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) complex bearing pyrrole groups. The photoexcitation of this modified electrode potentiostated at 0.5 V vs SCE, in the presence of an oxidative quencher, pentaaminechloro cobalt(III) chloride (15 mM), led to a cathodic photocurrent. As a result of the affinity interactions, a layer of biotinylated cholera toxin was firmly bound to the functionalized polypyrrole film via avidin bridges. The resulting modified electrodes were tested as immunosensors for the detection of the corresponding antibody from 0 to 200 microg mL(-)(1). The antibody concentration was measured through the decrease in photocurrent intensity resulting from its specific binding onto the polymeric coating, the detection limit being 0.5 microg mL(-)(1).     

Stain efficiency and MALDI-TOF MS compatibility of seven visible staining procedures

Visible stain is still the most popular protein staining method used in proteomic approaches. However, most published data have been derived from comparisons between visible dyes and fluorescent dyes. In this work, we have focused on seven widely used visible staining procedures—Neuhoff CCB, blue silver, and five silver stains (LKB SN, He SN, Yan SN, Vorum SN, and Blum SN)—and studied their stain efficiencies and MALDI-TOF MS compatibilities on 1-D and 2-D PAGE. It was concluded that blue silver is slightly better in terms of stain efficiency than Neuhoff CCB, but it presented worse MS compatibility. Neuhoff CCB presented better MS compatibility and superior linearity but worse sensitivity than silver stains. Among the five silvering procedures, He SN showed the best MS compatibility and a reasonable staining efficiency; Yan SN lowered the chances of obtaining the protein identity by PMF but gave the best stain efficiency; Vorum SN gave a very clear background and a great contrast, while Blum SN was the worst in this respect. The implications of these results for the selection of a convenient stain are discussed according to specific objectives as well as practical aspects.     

基于MALDI-TOF MS微生物检测的一次性纸基靶板开发

针对基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)目前使用的不锈钢靶板或一次性可抛弃塑料靶板存在的清洗流程复杂,易有残留从而产生交叉污染或需要回收、污染环境等问题,开发了一种可一次性使用的纸基靶板。该靶板成本低,使用后方便处理,不会对环境造成污染。并利用标准品从分辨率、灵敏度、重现性、微生物鉴定4个方面对纸基靶板进行了测试,结果表明开发的纸基靶板在分辨率、灵敏度等指标方面与钢靶板基本一致,样品检测重现性较好,具有应用于临床微生物检测的潜力。     

基于小分子化合物分析的MALDI-TOF MS新型基质研究进展

基质辅助激光解吸附离子化-飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)是一种新型的软电离生物质谱,近十年来得到了快速发展,在小分子化合物的分析检测中发挥了重要作用。其基质的选择一直是关注的重点,目前,研究者们已开发出多种新型MALDI-TOF MS基质,主要分为纳米材料和新型有机化合物两大类,基质性能的完善与提高使得MALDI-TOF MS的检测结果有了更高的准确度和灵敏度,更小的背景噪音,更干净的谱图,但目前尚处于研究阶段,现阶段仍无法替代传统有机基质。该文通过对新型基质的研究进展进行整理,总结出不同种类基质的优点、特性及适用对象,并对未来的MALDI-TOF MS基质研究作出了展望。     

Subunit Characteristics of Pig Pancreas Ferritin Revealed by MALDI-TOF MS and RP-HPLC

Pig pancreas ferritin（PPF） was purified by ultra-centrifugation, ion-exchange chromatography, and native gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis（PAGENG）. Sodium dodecyl sulfate（SDS）-PAGE indicates that PPF consists of two subunit types, namely, H（21000） and L（19000） subunits, and its core shows an average element composition of 1698 Fe3＋ and 179 phosphate molecules within the hollow shell, giving a 9.5：1 ratio of Fe3＋ to phosphate. An off line approach combining reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography（RP-HPLC） with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry（MALDI-TOF MS） made the decomposition of PPF shell into H and L subunits for the analysis of mass spectrometry（MS）, giving molecular weights of both H（21014.4） and L（18319.9） subunits. Both subunit types were further identified by an approach combining peptide mass fingerprint（PMF） with database search. A ratio of 1H to 2L subunits in PPF was determined by SDS-PAGE, RP-HPLC, and MALDI-TOF MS, respectively. It is well known that the non-covalent interaction of L-L or H-L subunits is stronger than that of H-H subunits in PPF, which may be further used to explain the unclear physiological function between H and L subunits in PPF.