TiO2柱撑膨润土对染料茜素红的吸附行为

TiO2柱撑膨润土对染料茜素红的吸附行为;柱撑膨润土;吸附;茜素红;动力学;热力学     

UV/乙酰丙酮法降解脱色蒽醌类染料茜素红

染料废水由于色度高,成份复杂,是一种较难处理的工业废水. 本研究以茜素红为蒽醌类染料的代表,研究了UV/乙酰丙酮（简称UV/AA）法中茜素红浓度、乙酰丙酮用量、溶液初始pH对降解脱色效率的影响. 实验结果表明,UV/AA法在中、酸性条件下对茜素红具有显著的降解脱色效果,其脱色过程符合准一级动力学,降解速率常数远高于UV/H₂O₂法. 基于溶液pH对UV/AA法脱色效果以及乙酰丙酮紫外吸收光谱的影响,推测在UV/AA法降解脱色染料的过程中起主导作用的是乙酰丙酮的烯醇式异构体. 尽管UV/AA法对总有机碳和化学耗氧量的去除率不高,但是显著提高了溶液的可生化性. 因此,UV/AA法有望作为预处理工艺与传统的生物处理法相结合,以较低的成本实现染料废水的达标处理. 这一工作为小分子双酮在染料废水处理中的应用研究提供了新的思路.     

电解还原法合成间苯二胺

在酸性介质中以铜为阴极、石墨为阳极电解还原间二硝基苯制备间苯二胺。考查了温度、电流密度、间二硝基苯用量和盐酸质量百分数对间苯二胺产率的影响及电量对电流效率的影响 ,正交实验确定反应的最佳条件为 :温度 4 0℃ ,电流密度 4A·dm- 2 ,间二硝基苯 0 .2 5g ,HCl质量百分数 15 %。在最佳条件下 ,间苯二胺的产率达 74 .2 %。     

化学计量学方法解析苯胺电解过程

在对混合物样品的紫外可见光谱测量数据阵矩进行主成分分析、潜变量投影等方法解析后,得到一种物质的光谱曲线和另一种物质的动力学曲线,这在化学计量学意义上是一类比较特殊的黑色体系.提出了一种解析这个难题的算法,并详细论证了方法中不可避免的唯一解问题.对于模拟数据,解析结果证明本算法的正确性.用本法解析了苯胺水溶液电解过程,得到苯胺和中间物的动力学曲线及其纯光谱.     

电解荧光光度法测定废水中的苯

本文研究了苯－硫酸－乙醇－水 体系中 苯的电解荧光行为，建立了电解荧光光度法测定苯的分析方法。     

石莼吸附脱色处理水溶性染料

本文以大型海藻石莼作吸附剂，对结晶紫等7种不同结构的水溶性染料分子的单水溶液和模拟混合染料废水进行吸附脱色研究，探讨了吸附剂的性能和影响吸附脱色效果的有关因素。结果表明，石莼对大多数水溶性染料具有良好的吸附脱色效果，而且COD去除率高，在染料废水处理中应用前景广阔。     

茶叶吸附染料作用的初步研究

本文证实了茶叶经化学处理后，可以吸附水中阳离子型染料。三种染料的脱色率均在９０％以上。吸附后的茶叶可以再生处理，循环使用。     

利用化工废水电解制氢电极及电解槽系统

我国化工企业在供给大量化工产品的同时也产生一定量的污水。这些污水成分复杂、有机物浓度偏高、高盐度、难以用生化法降解、处理难度大。常规的废水处理方法占地面积大、低效,要做到达标排放费用高昂。与其耗费大量资源处理污水达标排放,不如利用新技术将污水转化为可使用的化工产品,如氢和其它化学品。利用污水产生的氢可视为蓝氢或者绿氢,尤其是电解的动力来自于可再生能源的情况下。 经典的水电解制氢工艺有碱性膜电解、质子交换膜电解和高温氧化物电解,这些工艺都需要使用纯水作为原料。若将化工污水作为电解原料制氢,需要开发可耐受适量有机物、盐分的新电解电极催化剂和与之相匹配的膜,同时还需要攻克材料的腐蚀问题。 近日,中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所吕功煊团队利用AEM技术对化工废水电解制氢进行了研究,发展出以复合过渡金属为主要组成的复合电极作为AEM电解槽的阳极,镍基复合电极作为阴极的电极系统,通过串联N个相同活性面积的小室组成AEM电解槽系统。在单个小室工作电压为1.6-2.2 V的情况下,实现了电流密度为80-300 mA cm-2时稳定制氢,电解槽系统可连续运行100天,产氢的电效率可达到60%,在优化条件下可达到80%。该技术攻克了电解槽膜堵塞的难题,实现了化工废水的资源化利用转化为绿氢。后续拟通过优化电极材料的组成和改进AEM电解制氢系统,结构进一步降低能耗、提高产氢效率、实现氢气的高效分离和纯化。     

阳离子表面活性剂与茜素红的荧光反应及其分析应用

应用荧光光谱法研究了3种阳离子表面活性剂(CS)与茜素红(Alizarin red,AR)间的相互作用.在pH 6.60的Britton-Robinson(B-R)缓冲溶液中,当CS的浓度较低时,CS的加入使AR的荧光猝灭,而高浓度时却使荧光增强.因此认为低浓度时CS单体与AR形成稳定离子缔合物使体系荧光猝灭,而高浓度时则形成胶束抑制缔合物的形成而表现出胶束的增溶增敏特性.在0.1～30.0 mg/L的质量浓度范围内荧光强度变化与CS浓度呈良好的线性关系,检出限分别为0.018 mg/L(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,CTMAB)、0.025mg/L(氯化十六烷基吡啶,CPC)和0.032 mg/L(氯化十四烷基二甲基苄铵,Zeph).该方法用于水样中CS含量的测定,回收率为99%～103%.     

硅胶负载壳聚糖对水溶性染料脱色的正交试验

通过正交试验方法,用硅胶负载壳聚糖对直接耐晒兰、直接大红、直接艳红、直接深蓝、直接嫩黄五种水溶性染料进行脱色实验.对脱色的影响因素,如处理剂用量、pH值、搅拌时间、静置时间、染料颜色进行了探讨 确定了影响脱色效果的主次因素顺序,并绘制出硅胶负载壳聚糖对五种直接染料的吸附等温线,吸附等温线符合弗里德利希方程式 对直接耐晒兰的吸附方程式为:Γ=0.05·C0.36     

辣根过氧化物酶反应的化学动力学分析

用辣根过氧化物酶来处理废水中的苯酚和氯酚为许多人所关注。采用停流快速混合技术，利用快速扫描紫外可见分光光度计得到辣根过氧化物酶催化过氧化氢氧化苯酚聚合过程的瞬态光谱数据。对此测量数据矩阵用正交投影及遗传算法解析后，确定体系中产生紫外吸收的物种数，及辣根过氧化物酶中间体形式的纯光谱信息，进而解出反应过程中各组分的动力学曲线。     

Development of a Wine Metabolomics Approach for the Authenticity Assessment of Selected Greek Red Wines

Wine metabolomics constitutes a powerful discipline towards wine authenticity assessment through the simultaneous exploration of multiple classes of compounds in the wine matrix. Over the last decades, wines from autochthonous Greek grape varieties have become increasingly popular among wine connoisseurs, attracting great interest for their authentication and chemical characterization. In this work, 46 red wine samples from Agiorgitiko and Xinomavro grape varieties were collected from wineries in two important winemaking regions of Greece during two consecutive vintages and analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QToF-MS). A targeted metabolomics methodology was developed, including the determination and quantification of 28 phenolic compounds from different classes (hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, stilbenes and flavonoids). Moreover, 86 compounds were detected and tentatively identified via a robust suspect screening workflow using an in-house database of 420 wine related compounds. Supervised chemometric techniques were employed to build an accurate and robust model to discriminate between two varieties.     

Preparation of Thermo-Sensitive Magnetic Cationic Hydrogel for the Adsorption of Reactive Red Dye

In this study, thermo-sensitive magnetic cationic hydrogel (TSMCH) based on (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (APTMACl) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) was synthesized by free radical copolymerization. The TSMCH was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive x-ray, vibrating sample magnetometer, and zeta potential, and employed as adsorbent for adsorbing reactive red (RR) dye. Effects of molar ratios of APTMACl to NIPAm on the adsorption capacity of TSMCH were studied, and the results showed that a maximum adsorption capacity (1428.57 mg RR g^?1 TSMCH) had been achieved when the molar ratio of APTMACl to NIPAm was 1:1. The adsorption isotherm of RR was well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm equation. TSMCH had good selectivity for adsorbing RR. Solution pH hardly affected the adsorption of RR on the TSMCH. The adsorption amount of RR increased with the increase of temperature. The adsorption–desorption of TSMCH was evaluated in three circles and a high regeneration rate was demonstrated.     

Electrolysis at the Interface between Two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions: Determination of Acetylcholine by Differential Pulse Stripping Voltammetry

Abstract

A three-electrode system with the hanging electrolyte drop electrode (HEDE) was developed for the analytical exploitation of electrolysis at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES). The use of the differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV) for the quantitative determination of the species which participates in a charge transfer reaction at ITIES was demonstrated with acetylcholine cation transfer across the water/nitrobenzene interface. Trace concentration of acetylcholine in water in the part per million level (ppm) can be determined. It was concluded that the electrolysis at ITIES represents the perspective method of chemical analysis.     

均苯四甲酸酐改性花生壳粉吸附阳离子红染料的研究

以花生壳粉(PS)为生物基质,甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)为交联剂,均苯四甲酸酐(PMDA)为改性剂,制备了均苯四甲酸酐改性花生壳粉(PMPS)吸附剂,并研究了PMPS对阳离子红染料吸附效果的影响因素。结果表明,在25℃,吸附时间3 h,pH值为2.0时,PMPS处理浓度为400.0 mg/mL的阳离子红溶液25 mL,最大吸附容量Q为177.2 mg/g,是未改性花生壳粉的2.2倍。改性花生壳粉吸附模式为Langmuir单分子层化学吸附。     

Paired Electrolysis of Aldoses in a Divided Flow Cell

Simultaneous anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction of aldoses in a divided flow cell were studied. The stream of the anolyte was an aqueous solution containing D-glucose, sodium bromide, and sodium bicarbonate. The stream of the catholyte was also an aqueous solution containing xylose and sodium sulfite. The factors which affected both the anodic and cathodic reactions were studied. The results indicate that the flow rates and temperatures of the anolyte and the catholyte, concentrations of the aldoses, pH values and the material of electrodes significantly affect both anodic and cathodic yields. The selectivities of gluconic acid in the anode and xylitol in the cathode were very high. The power consumption of paired electrolysis in the flow system was less than paired electrolysis in a batch system.     

偶氮染料刚果红在水中的光催化降解过程

 通过研究在间歇悬浮体系中直接偶氮染料刚果红在水中的光催化降解过程,确定了最佳降解条件. 同时测定了染料溶液的脱色率、COD去除率和矿化率以考察降解过程中脱色与矿化的关系. 另外,对降解过程中溶液pH值的变化及反应的可能中间体进行分析,结果表明: 刚果红染料分子的光催化降解过程分为脱色和矿化两个阶段. 矿化主要发生在脱色结束以后, 并且伴随着脱色溶液的酸化现象. 脱色过程进行较快,完全脱色后形成的中间产物需要较长时间才能被逐步矿化.     

Synthesis of Flower-like Manganese Wad and Its Decolorization Performance for Azo Dye Congo Red

Flower-like manganese wad（MW） with high activity was synthesized via ultrasonic-assisted redox reaction of sole manganese salt MnO4-.MW was characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）.The experimental results indicate that the maximum decolorization rate of Congo red（CR） reached above 95％ within 15 min in a wide pH range from 2.0 to 6.0.Results also show that MW has excellent decolorization performance for azo dye CR which implies potential application for removing dye pollutants from industrial effluents.     

UV-Visible Spectrometric Study and Micellar Enhanced Ultrafiltration of Alizarin Red S Dye

Ultraviolet spectrometric study of alizarin red S (ARS) showed the substantial change in dye spectra by cationic CTAB as compared to anionic SDS and nonionic TX-100 surfactant. High spectral change by CTAB confirms the anionic nature of ARS dye and thus ARS-CTAB complex formation takes place due to electrostatic force of attraction. A little spectral change by SDS is the result of similarly charged repulsive forces that overcome weak hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction between dye and surfactant micelles. TX-100 exhibited moderate spectral effect responsive to weak hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction alone. MEUF study of ARS dye justified the spectral changes and dye rejection percentage (R) decreases in the following order: cationic > nonionic > anionic surfactant. Permeate flux (J) slightly decreases in presence of CTAB and it remains virtually constant for both SDS and TX-100. Addition of copper salt (i.e., CuCl₂) in dye-CTAB complex solution, favors rejection (%) removing dye and copper simultaneously via micellar enhanced ultrafiltration.