水平加热管束间汽液两相内循环特性的研究

本文针对卧式火管式蒸汽发生器的结构特点，对水平加热管束间的汽液两相内循环特性进行了实验研究。用单纤光导探针测定了加热管束间的空泡份额分布。同时开发了二维汽液两相低雷诺数湍流漂移数学模型和相应的数值计算方法。数值计算结果与实验测量值符合良好，证实本文开发的数值模拟方法是可靠的。     

三探头单纤光导探针测量二维气泡速度的实验研究

1前言气液两相流广泛存在于动力、化工等工业过程中，到目前为止，人们已开发了大量的实验测定方法，用于研究气液两相流空泡份额等。但是对气泡速度的测量研究并不多，主要原因在于气泡速度测量的困难性。近几年人们尝试使用激光多普勒测速技术、颗粒轨迹测速技术等测量气泡速度，这些测量方法不仅系统复杂，而且还有相应的限制条件，适用范围有限。利用相关测速技术可以测量一维气泡速度，其原理是：设距离为L的上、下游两个测点的传感器在时间间隔T内测得的随机气泡信号为X（t）和Y（t），而且X（t）和Y（t）为平稳和各态遍历，则相关…     

超音速汽液两相流激波的理论研究

建立了超音速汽液两相流激波过程的数学模型,得到了激波前后的流动关系,并对激波后的流动规律进行了初步分析,建立了两相扩压段的优化模型。研究结果表明,在激波后,流体压力上升,速度下降,与单相气体的正激波特性相似;其对应的音速与汽液两相流体的空泡率、压力及液相密度等因素有关。     

低压、低含汽量蒸汽-水两相临界流

一、引言 两相临界流研究高温、高压系统破口事故时,汽(气)-液两相流体的最高排放速度,是核电安全中的重要课题。由于两相流动的复杂性,两相临界流理论还没有到成熟阶段。不同试验者的数据,尤其是在低含汽量(x<0.02)时相差较大。     

差压法测量两相流相含率的研究

本文通过差压式测量方法,对气液两相流中含气率及油水两相流中含水率的测量进行了深入的试验研究。通过水平及垂直上升段的结构组合,测量气液两相流中的含气率值,在对流型测量与分析的基础上,建立了不同流型下垂直上升段与水平段摩擦压降间的修正关系式,减小了测量误差;通过采用一缓流的垂直下降段,测量油水两相流中的含水率值,获得了好的结果。     

零净液流量两相流持液率与阻力特性研究

分别以牛顿流体和非牛顿流体为液相，研究了垂直管中零净液流量气液两相流的流动特性。提出了零净液流量气液两相流动模型，应用这一模型计算了零净液流量气液两相流的持液率和压力降，模型计算结果与试验结果相符。研究结果表明，零净液流量气液两相流与常规气液两相流相比具有特殊性，表现为其持液率仅由质量平衡方程控制，其摩擦阻力压力降为负值。     

倾斜下降管气液两相分层流截面含气率的计算与液层高度的预测

分层流是气液两相流中常见的流动型式，分层流中液层高度是计算的基本数据，由于界面波的存在，对液层的测量和预测都很困难．Ｖｌａｃｈｏｓ提出了预测气液两相分层流液层厚度的关系式，但这一关系式并不适用于倾斜下降管气液两相流．本文提出了计算倾斜下降管气液两相分层流截面含气率的理论模型，在这种模型下得到的截面含气率和实验结果符合良好．在大量实验的基础上，考虑了倾角、管径、气液各相折算速度的影响，根据实验数据提出了预测液层厚度的关系式。     

静态水气分离特性的失重飞机实验研究

利用失重飞机提供的短时失重、超重和常重力交变环境,研究了膜式静态水气分离器首级可视化分离室和再循环管道中的水气两相流动构型.首级分离室内变截面蛇形窄通道内变质量流率的气液两相流动表现为间歇状的、不稳定的溪状流,在不同重力阶段具有几乎相同的变化特征.再循环管路内的气液两相流主要以细碎的泡状流和弹状流为主,气泡或气团间平均...     

方管内气液两相流界面波统计特性分析

以空气、水为工质，利用电导探针测量技术结合统计分析理论研究了水平矩形管内气液两相流界面波特性．首先对管内气液两相流的界面波进行了分类和定义；其次研究了气液两相流界面波在幅域、时域和频域的统计特性，同时考察了界面波特性参数（波速、频率和波高）等随气液两相流量的变化规律．     

窄缝内汽液两相临界流实验研究

本文实验研究了高过冷水在窄缝内形成的汽液两相临界流动现象,考察了水的泄漏率与容器内压、温度、流道几何尺寸等影响因素之间的关系,给出了一个简单的拟单相流预测关系式,和实验数据的比较表明,该关系式可以较好地预测高过冷水在窄缝内形成的气液两相临界流动现象.     

Numerical Prediction of Two-Phase Flow through a Tube Bundle Based on Reduced-Order Model and a Void Fraction Correlation

Predicting the void fraction of a two-phase flow outside of tubes is essential to evaluate the thermohydraulic behaviour in steam generators. Indeed, it determines two-phase mixture properties and affects two-phase mixture velocity, which enable evaluating the pressure drop of the system. The two-fluid model for the numerical simulation of two-phase flows requires interaction laws between phases which are not known and/or reliable for a flow within a tube bundle. Therefore, the mixture model, for which it is easier to implement suitable correlations for tube bundles, is used. Indeed, by expressing the relative velocity as a function of slip, the void fraction model of Feenstra et al. and Hibiki et al. developed for upward cross-flow through horizontal tube bundles is introduced and compared. With the method suggested in this paper, the physical phenomena that occur in tube bundles are taken into consideration. Moreover, the tube bundle is modelled using a porous media approach where the Darcy–Forchheimer term is usually defined by correlations found in the literature. However, for some tube bundle geometries, these correlations are not available. The second goal of the paper is to quickly compute, in quasi-real-time, this term by a non-intrusive parametric reduced model based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition. This method, named Bi-CITSGM (Bi-Calibrated Interpolation on the Tangent Subspace of the Grassmann Manifold), consists in interpolating the spatial and temporal bases by ITSGM (Interpolation on the Tangent Subspace of the Grassmann Manifold) in order to define the solution for a new parameter. The two developed methods are validated based on the experimental results obtained by Dowlati et al. for a two-phase cross-flow through a horizontal tube bundle.     

An Experimental Study of the Two-Phase Flow Adjacent to a Wire in Nucleate Boiling Under an Electric Field

An experimental study of the two-phase flow near a heated wire in nucleate pool boiling is presented. A nonuniform electric field of cylindrical geometry was imposed to the heater. The two-phase flow parameters were measured using specifically developed local phase-detection optical probes. The study includes experiments varying the vertical distance from the heater (z) and measurements of the void fraction and the impact rate in a plane perpendicular to the heater (y-z). The results show that the void fraction decreases with applied voltage and with z. The dependence of the void fraction and the impact rate with heat flux is complex, with a strong decrement in the impact rate and void fraction near the critical heat flux when voltage is applied. The maximum void fraction and impact rate move from the vertical centerline (z) to a position 3 heater radii away.     

垂直加热管内下降两相流瞬态空泡率的数学模型研究

本文提出瞬态垂直下降流动管内两相流空泡率的数学模型和其计算方法，可用来计算介质流量瞬变和加热负荷瞬变时管内各处的空泡率．为了验证模型计算的精确性，在R－12实验台架上进行了空泡率的测量，同样工况下，测量与计算结果相当一致．流量瞬变时的最大平均偏差小于13％，热负荷瞬变时小于15％．由此可认为本模型方法，可用于工程计算，尤其适用于棒束之类的复杂流道．     

基于滑速比的气水两相流气相流量计算方法研究

目前对气水两相流的分相流量的研究中,多是针对两相流总流量和液相分相流量进行,对气相分相流量的研究很少.本文利用文丘里管和含气率传感器对空气水两相流气相流量计算方法进行了研究,在均相流模型基础上考虑了滑速比因素造成的影响,探讨了两相流气相流量计算方法.结果表明,该方法相对于传统的均相流模型在计算精度上得到了显著提高.     

小管径气液两相流空隙率波传播的多尺度相关性

空隙率波是气液两相流系统的特殊物理现象,理解空隙率波的传播特性对揭示两相流流型转变与流速测量物理机理具有重要意义.本文首先考察了典型非线性系统的多尺度互相关特性,发现去趋势互相关分析方法可有效揭示系统的多尺度非线性动力学特征;然后,通过采集垂直上升小管径气液两相流电导传感器阵列上下游空隙率波动数据,提出采用多尺度去趋势互相关分析方法探测空隙率波传播的多尺度互相关特性,并提取了低尺度空隙率波互相关水平增长率;另外,通过计算空隙率波空间衰减因子,考察了气液两相流空隙率波传播的结构不稳定行为.结果表明,空隙率波结构的多尺度互相关特性与其空间衰减特性具有较好的物理关联性:对于气液两相流过渡流型,低尺度空隙率波互相关水平增长率较高,且与较为稳定的空隙率波传播特性相对应;而当气液两相流空隙率波明显衰减或放大时,空隙率波互相关水平增长速率一般较低.     

Void fraction prediction in two-phase flows independent of the liquid phase density changes

Gamma-ray densitometry is a frequently used non-invasive method to determine void fraction in two-phase gas liquid pipe flows. Performance of flow meters using gamma-ray attenuation depends strongly on the fluid properties. Variations of the fluid properties such as density in situations where temperature and pressure fluctuate would cause significant errors in determination of the void fraction in two-phase flows. A conventional solution overcoming such an obstacle is periodical recalibration which is a difficult task. This paper presents a method based on dual modality densitometry using Artificial Neural Network (ANN), which offers the advantage of measuring the void fraction independent of the liquid phase changes. An experimental setup was implemented to generate the required input data for training the network.ANNs were trained on the registered counts of the transmission and scattering detectors in different liquid phase densities and void fractions. Void fractions were predicted by ANNs with mean relative error of less than 0.45% in density variations range of 0.735 up to 0.98 gcm⁻³. Applying this method would improve the performance of two-phase flow meters and eliminates the necessity of periodical recalibration.     

The use of enhanced surface in flow boiling heat transfer in a rectangular minichannel

The results of flow boiling heat transfer in a 1-mm-deep vertical minichannel are presented. The heating element for an FC-72 laminar flow in a minichannel is a single-sided enhanced foil with various depressions; liquid crystal thermography was used for measuring temperature distribution of the foil. The void fraction and vapor quality were determined for some cross-sections of two-phase flow images. Results presented in the form of boiling curves were analyzed. Both typical and untypical shapes of boiling curves were found. The suitability of classical methods of two-phase pressure drop determination using experimental verification was confirmed.     

Asymmetry of the wall shear stress in a stimulated ascendant flow of a liquid with monodisperse bubbles

Results of an experimental investigation of the two-phase wall shear stress averaged over the tube perimeter and the pulsation of wall shear stress in a stimulated ascendant flow with monodisperse bubbles with an average diameter of 1.2 and 2.2 mm are presented. Regimes with various hydrodynamic parameters such as high shear stress on the wall, low and negative wall shear stress, a high level of shear stress pulsation on the wall, and possible decrease in this level of pulsation are found. An increase in the void gas fraction results in a monotonic increase of perturbation of the single-phase flow. The dependences of the ratio of two-phase and single-phase wall shear stresses for two average bubble diameters seem to be qualitatively similar. The analysis of data revealed a complex dependence of the shear stress pulsation on the bubble diameter. The averaged flow characteristics quantitatively change upon the decrease in the bubble diameter. A further decrease in the average bubble diameter at the same void gas fraction will probably increase the heat-and mass-transfer characteristics of the flow. This is an issue for the futures study.     

子通道内空泡份额的实验研究

本文以低压空气－水为介质，对子通道内的空泡份额分布进行了实验研究，使用电导探针测量系统测定了子通道内的空泡份额分布。通过实验数据的整理，得到了截面平均空泡份额，并将实验结果与已有的计算截面平均空泡份额的方法进行了比较，在此基础上，讨论了子通道内截面平均空泡份额的计算方法。