新型液体表面张力系数测试仪的研制

研制了新型的液体表面张力系数测试仪,测量了不同流速时液体的表面张力系数。随液体流速增加,液体的表面张力系数先减小,后迅速增加,当液体流速达到3.0ml/s时,液体的表面张力趋于稳定,该值与理论值较接近。     

均匀磁场中磁性液体的磁表面张力系数实验研究

基于特殊性能的磁性液体增设了综合性设计性实验项目,根据项目式教学法初步实现了以学生自我训练为主的教学模式.本文设计了磁性液体磁表面张力系数智能测试仪,研究了均匀磁场中4种不同类型磁性液体的磁表面张力系数随磁感应强度的变化规律.随外加磁场磁感应强度的增强,磁性液体的磁表面张力系数增大,主要是磁场增强了磁性颗粒之间的相互作用力.磁感应强度相同时,载液质量对磁性液体的磁表面张力系数影响较大,载液质量越小,单位体积内融入的磁性颗粒数量越多,导致磁性液体的磁表面张力系数越大.表面活性剂种类对磁性液体磁表面张力系数的影响也较大,由于油酸对磁性颗粒的吸附作用比PBSI-941表面活性剂强,油酸官能团较早吸附在磁性颗粒表面,限制了磁性颗粒进一步长大,导致MFO-4磁性液体磁表面张力系数较小.     

表面张力对固壁旁空泡运动特性影响的理论和实验研究

表面张力是影响空泡脉动及空蚀的一个重要因素.对五种不同表面张力液体中空泡脉动（膨胀和收缩）过程进行了研究,并将实验结果与基于空泡生长和溃灭理论的计算结果进行了对比.实验中,用激光作为测试光源,采用光偏转测试系统研究了不同表面张力液体中空泡泡壁运动规律及泡壁速度的变化.结果表明：表面张力对空泡膨胀过程起抑制作用,故液体表面张力愈大,空泡能达到的最大直径越小;表面张力对空泡的收缩过程则起加速作用,液体表面张力愈大,收缩越迅速,空泡泡壁运动速度越大,其所产生的瞬时溃灭压强越大,空化效果越好. 关键词： 表面张力 空泡 光偏转     

液体表面张力系数测定实验设计与制作

用NI myDAQ和微型计算机等开发制作了基于LabVIEW数据处理的自动测量液体表面张力系数实验仪。将传统手动测量读数据计算液体表面张力系数和用现代数据采集器传感器结合,计算机自动测量液体表面张力系数两种方法结合分别对纯水、不同浓度酒精进行数据测量,计算液体表面张力系数并且作曲线图。让学生掌握传统和现代测量方法、拓宽学生知识视野、培养学生用多种方法解决问题以及创新思维能力。     

最大气泡压力法测液体表面张力系数的改进

对最大气泡压力法测定液体表面张力系数的实验原理、方法及仪器进行了研究,提出用螺旋活塞定量加压控制气泡的生成速度;用扩散硅气体压力传感器测量压强,测得值数字显示;用双毛细管制作实验探头,消除了毛细管插入液体一定深度产生的静压强及待测液体密度等对计算液体表面张力系数的影响,提高了液体表面张力系数的测量速度和精度.     

对FD-NST-I型液体表面张力系数测量仪的改进

根据吊环法测量液体表面张力系数实验原理,针对现有的FD-NST-1型液体表面张力系数测量仪的不足进行改进.另外在仪器上增加样品加热装置,可以对不同温度下的液体表面张力系数进行测量.通过实验对比得出:改进后的实验装置操作方便、实验误差小,重复性好.     

毛细现象公式的导出

液体表面分子间的吸引力、液体表面的分子有一种使其面积缩成最小的力,或称一种抵抗表面积扩张的力,此力称“表面张力”．液体表面是指液体与空气或其他液体相接触的自由面．若不指明,即可认为相对于空气而言．表面张力的大小与接触面的物质有密切关系．此外,表面张力还与温度有关,温度越高,表面张力越小．表面张力的方向总是与液面相切,与分界线相垂直．若在液面作一长为L的直线,将液面分成两部分,这两部分之间的相互牵引力为F,即表面张力F=σL．其中σ为液体表面张力系数．单位为N/m．由于表面张力的作用,液滴表面有收缩到最小的趋势,而使液滴成近似球形的状态．     

利用拟合软件分析液体表面张力系数与浓度、温度的关系

利用硅压阻力敏传感器测量不同温度下液体表面张力系数,不同Nacl浓度下液体表面张力系数。分别利用SPSS和MATLAB拟合软件进行数值分析和模拟,发现液体表面张力系数与温度呈线性关系,而与浓度呈三次方关系。并给出了液体表面张力系数随温度和浓度变化的拟合曲线及近似表达式,与理论值符合较好。     

表面张力的定性定量分析

通过自制实验装置演示镜子起雾现象证明了液体表面张力的存在,同时也证明了表面活性剂对表面张力的大小存在影响.对于表面张力系数的测量,该实验定量装置提出了基于大气压强原理测量液体表面张力系数的新方法.实验发现,该实验定性定量装置具有精度更高、成本更低、可操作性更强等优点.     

拉脱法测液体表面张力系数中的动态演化过程

利用自制液体表面张力系数测定仪,在计算机上实时监测了表面张力系数测量中电压随时间的变化曲线,并且把电压变化曲线分为6个阶段进行了详细讨论.利用此仪器精确控制了液面的升降速度和液体的温度,进一步详细研究了液面的升降速度和液体温度对表面张力系数测量结果的影响.     

Size effect on surface tension of liquid binary alloy droplets

A simple model for size-dependent surface tension of liquid binary alloy droplets has been established based on Bulter’s equation and our model for size-dependent surface tension of pure liquid component. As an example, the surface tension of liquid Bi–Sn alloy droplets are calculated and discussed. The results show that as the size of the liquid alloy droplets decreases, the corresponding surface tension decreases. The component with lower surface tension is enriched in the surface layer at all times while relatively more another component with higher surface tension appear in the surface region when the size decreases. The effect of decreasing size on liquid alloy surface tension is like that of increasing temperature. When size is larger than about 12 nm, the size effect is small and negligible.     

A method for calculating the surface tension of a droplet in a lattice-gas model with long-range interaction

Since the droplet of the lattice-gas model with long-range interaction is not circular and is determined by the Wulff construction due to surface tension anisotropy, a calculation method of the surface tension of the droplet is proposed in this paper. The calculated surface tension is in good agreement with the surface tension measured by using the Laplace's formula in consideration of the surface thickness. Received 15 March 2000 and Received in final form 31 May 2000     

Surface tensions and stress tensors of liquid and solid clusters by molecular dynamics

Surface tension and pressure (stress) tensors of Lennard-Jones clusters, in the size range 200 ~ 2700 atoms/cluster, formed from evaporating liquid droplets were calculated in a Molecular Dynamics simulation. Icosahedral clusters have a much larger surface tension than decahedral, fcc, and hcp ones, meanwhile asymmetric icosahedral clusters have a lower surface tension. Fcc and hcp clusters have a very small surface tension. Decahedral clusters have a surface tension closer to that of fcc and hcp ones than to that of icosahedral ones, though both icosahedral and decahedral structures have five fold symmetry axis. Binary component clusters have a higher surface tension than single component ones.     

Effect of surface tension on the mode selection of vertically excited surface waves in a circular cylindrical vessel

Singular perturbation theory of two-time-scale expansions was developed in inviscid fluids to investigate patternforming, structure of the single surface standing wave, and its evolution with time in a circular cylindrical vessel subject to a vertical oscillation. A nonlinear slowly varying complex amplitude equation, which involves a cubic nonlinear term,an external excitation and the influence of surface tension, was derived from the potential flow equation. Surface tensionwas introduced by the boundary condition of the free surface in an ideal and incompressible fluid. The results show that when forced frequency is low, the effect of surface tension on the mode selection of surface waves is not important.However, when the forced frequency is high, the surface tension cannot be neglected. This manifests that the function of surface tension is to cause the free surface to return to its equilibrium configuration. In addition, the effect of surface tension seems to make the theoretical results much closer to experimental results.     

Expressions of the radius and the surface tension of surface of tension in terms of the pressure distribution for nanoscale liquid threads

The expressions of the radius and the surface tension of surface of tension Rs and γs in terms of the pressure distribution for nanoscale liquid threads are of great importance for molecular dynamics （MD） simulations of the interfacial phenomena of nanoscale fluids; these two basic expressions are derived in this paper. Although these expressions were derived first in the literature[Kim B G, Lee J S, Han M H, and Park S, 2006 Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 10, 283] and used widely thereafter, the derivation is wrong both in logical structure and physical thought. In view of the importance of these basic expressions, the logic and physical mistakes appearing in that derivation are pointed out.     

Surface tension of liquid helium

We calculated the surface tension of liquid helium using a relation between the condensate fraction and surface tension. The paired-phonon model for the condensate fraction results in calculated surface tension in excellent agreement with experiment at low temperatures.     

Assessing the equation of state and comparing it with other relationships used for determining the surface tension of solids

Some facts regarding the equation of state (EQS) in calculating the surface tension of solids by means of contact angle measurements were manifested. In the present investigation, it was mathematically proved that the surface tension of a solid as estimated by the EQS is in fact equivalent to the Zisman critical surface tension for that same solid. Additionally, the applicability of the EQS's approach in attaining the surface tension of powdered solids by the aid of the capillary rise procedure is also discussed and its limitations are clarified. Furthermore, a methodology was devised so that the surface tension of solids as determined by the EQS could be compared with those calculated by approaches using components of surface tension. This methodology revealed that the applications of approaches based on the geometric mean (i.e. Owens/Wendt and van Oss et al. relationships) are restricted to achieving only high surface tensions of solids.     

表面张力对PEO稀溶液粘度行为的影响

测定了不同分子量聚氧化乙烯 (PEO)在水和苯溶剂中的粘度 ,发现在低浓度区PEO水溶液的比浓粘度出现负偏离 ,PEO苯溶液比浓粘度与浓度之间依旧满足线性关系 .表面张力测定结果表明 ,PEO分子显著降低了水的表面张力 ,而苯的表面张力则不受影响 .PEO水溶液和纯溶剂水表面张力的不同干扰了高分子溶液和溶剂在粘度计中流过时间的测量 ,导致低浓度区PEO水溶液比浓粘度出现负偏离 .利用PEO水溶液和水表面张力测定结果 ,结合乌式粘度计的几何尺寸 ,定量分析了PEO水溶液和纯溶剂水表面张力的差异对粘度测量结果的影响 ,计算结果与实验结果基本相符 .如果用PEO水溶液流过时间对浓度作图的外推值t0 计算相对粘度 ,可以完全消除PEO水溶液和水表面张力差异对粘度测量的影响     

表面张力系数随氯化钠离子浓度的变化规律实验研究

液体表面张力系数是表征表面张力大小的重要物理量,它的存在可以解释物质处于液态时所特有的许多现象。本文使用拉脱法测定不同浓度氯化钠(Na Cl)溶液的表面张力系数,实验结果表明表面张力系数伴随Na Cl浓度的增加而变大。