The influence of the lithology and depth on water recharge of wells in two Moroccan Atlantic coastal regions by using solid state nuclear track detectors and radon as a natural tracer

Uranium and thorium contents as well as radon and thoron -activity concentrations were evaluated inside different underground water samples by using a method based on calculating the CR-39 and LR-115 type II solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) detection efficiencies for the emitted -particles and measuring the resulting track density rates. The validity of the SSNTD technique utilized was checked by analysing uranium nitrate standard solutions. A relationship between water radon concentration and recharge of wells dug in two Moroccan Atlantic coastal regions, for a given lithology, was found. The influence of the lithology and depth on radon concentration and salinity of well waters studied was investigated.     

Steroid compounds of marine sponges. VII. Preparation of derivatives of sokotrasterol and halistanol sulfates and structure-activity interrelationships among these compounds

Five new sulfated derivatives of sokotrasterol and halistanol have been obtained: 24-nor-5-cholane-2,3,6,23-tetraol 2,3,6-tri(sodium sulfate); 24-nor-5-cholane-2,3,6,23-tetraol 2,3,6-tri(sodium sulfate) 23-palmitate; 24,25-dimethyl-5-cholestane-2,3,6-triol 3-(sodium sulfate); 24,25-dimethyl-5-cholestane-2,3,6-triol 6-(sodium sulfate); and 24,25-dimethyl-5-cholestane-2,3,6-triol 2,6-di(sodium sulfate). The inhibiting and membranolytic properties of the polysulfated steroids from sponges and their derivatives have been studied. It has been shown that physiological activity in this series of compounds depends on biphilicity.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 441–445, July–August, 1986.     

Separation of carrier free65Zn and66,67,68Ga, the alpha-particle activation products of copper with HDEHP

A radiochemical charged particle activation procedure has been developed for the production and separation of the carrier free radioisotopes,⁶⁵Zn and^66,67,68Ga. The carrier free radioisotopes produced by the irradiation of a pure copper foil with 50 MeV -particle beam through the nuclear reactions, (, pxn), (,pxn) and (,xn), have been quantitatively separated from the activated copper matrix from an aqueous hydrochloric acid and an alkaline solution using the liquid cation exchanger HDEHP, as an extractant. Detection of different radionuclides in the activated copper target and verification of their purity at different stages of their LLX separation have been performed by -ray spectrometric studies.     

Investigations in the field of lipids

Summary 1. The synthesis of the following neutral plasmalogens has been effected: -O-(octadec-1-enyl)-, distearoylglycerol, -O-(octadec-1-enyl)-, -dipalmitoylglycerol, -O-(hexadec-1-enyl)-, -distearoylglycerol, and -O-(pentadec-1-enyl)-, -dipalmitoylglycerol.2. During the synthesis, the following compounds were isolated and characterized by their physicochemical constants: the -octadec-1-enyl ether of glycerol, -(2-hydroxyoctadecyl) , -isopropylideneglyceryl ether, the tosylate of -(2-hydroxyoctadecyl) , -isopropylideneglyceryl ether, and -O-(2-tosyloxyoctadecyl) glycerol.3. The IR spectra of the -octadec-1-enyl ether of glycerol and the neutral plasmalogens have been studied.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 2, No. 6, pp. 367–371, 1966     

Ramanspektroskopie an Oxidschichten auf Reineisen im Elektrolyten

Zusammenfassung In situ durchgeführte ramanspektroskopische Messungen an Reineisen in 1 M KOH ergaben nach Oxidations-Reduktions-Cyclen (ORC) Ramanspektren der gebildeten Oberflächenfilme, die dem -FeOOH zugeordnet werden können. Durch fortgesetztes Cyclieren erfährt das -FeOOH — wie aus dem Ramanspektrum ersichtlich — eine Umwandlung in Magnetit, der an den Oxidations- und Reduktionsprozessen nicht mehr teilnimmt. Bei Benutzung hoher Potentialänderungsraten bilden sich sekundäre rostbraune Schichten blättriger Natur, deren Spektrum hauptsächlich dem des -FeOOH entspricht. Wir vertreten die Auffassung, daß das primär gebildete -FeOOH Bestandteil der Passivschicht sein könnte bzw. dieselbe repräsentiert.

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Raman spectroscopy of oxide layers on pure iron in electrochemical environment

Summary In situ Raman spectroscopy of the oxide films formed on pure iron in 1 M KOH electrolyte after special oxidation-reduction cycles (ORC) shows a Raman spectrum of -FeOOH. By subsequent cycling the -FeOOH is converted to Fe₃O₄, which further on does not take part in the oxidation and reduction processes. By higher potential sweep rates a brown rusty layer of a nearly non-adhesive material is formed, which was identified by Raman spectroscopy as mainly -FeOOH. We tentatively assign the -FeOOH-signal to the passivation layer.

     

Synthesis of α, α, ω-trihydropolyfluoroalkyl chlorophosphates by the reaction between α,α,ω-trihydropolyfluoroalkyl phosphites and sulfuryl chloride

Conclusions An efficient method for the synthesis of ,,-trihydropolyfluoroalkyl chlorophosphates is by reacting ,,-trihydropolyfluoroalkyl dichlorophosphites and bis-(,,-trihydropolyfluoroalkyl) phosphites with sulfuryl chloride. It has been found that in three-coordinated polyfluoroalkyl phosphites, the high electronegativity of the polyfluoroalkyl groups hinders cleavage of the latter on reaction with sulfuryl chloride, thereby facilitating the formation of oxidation products.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 146–149, January, 1988.     

Selective Formation of a Vicinal Dinitro Derivative via Nitrosochlorination of the Sesquiterpene Lactone Achillin

Bubbling gaseous nitrosylchloride through a chloroform solution of the guaianolide achillin produces very slowly but selectively 1,10-dihydro-1,10-dinitroachillin. This product rapidly, quantitatively, and irreversibly isomerizes into the dinitrocarboxylic acid with retention of the guaian carbon skeleton upon dissolution in pyridine. The structures of the new compounds were found by x-ray structural analysis     

New cardenolides from the leaves ofGomphocarpus fruticosus

Two new glycosides, gomphotin (1) and gomphotoxin (13), and also the known gomphoside (9) have been isolated from the leaves ofGomophocarpus fruticosus. Compounds (1) and (9) contain a 4,6-dideoxyhexosulose residue as the sugar component, and (13) a 6-deoxyhexosulose, which are attached to glycolic OH groups of the aglycons by 3-O-1,2-O-2 (9, 13) and 3-O-1,4-O-2 (1) acetal-ketal bonds. The structures of the new compounds are represented by the names (3-O-1,4-O-2)-(2,3-dihydroxy-4, 6dideoxyhexulosido)-14-hydroxy-5-card-20(22)-enolide* (1) and (3-O-1,2-O-2)-(2,3,4-trihydroxy-6-deoxyhexulosido)-14-hydroxy-5-card-20(22)-enolide* (13).State Scientific Center for Drugs of the Ministry of Health and the National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Kharkov, fax 441118. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 824–832, November–December, 1995. Original article submitted May 22, 1995.     

Structural modification of silica-containing α-zirconium phosphate

Silica-containing -zirconium phosphate (-ZrSiP) was prepared by the precipitation method. X-ray diffractometry was used to characterize -ZrSiP and to compare it with other -zirconium phosphates (ZrP). A monoclinic cell with parameters of a=0.9038 nm, b=0.529 nm, c=1.4183 nm and =91.76° was identified for -ZrSiP, i.e. silica modifies the original -ZrP structure. The specific surface area of -ZrSiP was found to be two orders of magnitude higher then that of -ZrP.     

Structure of karatavicin

Summary The synthesis of the following 1, 4-diphosphoinositides has been effected: the - (, -distearoyl) glyceryl ester of myoinositol 1, 4-diphosphate (VI) or (VII) and 1, 4-bis-[ - (, -distearoyl) glycerylphosphoryl] myoinositol (VIII).Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 230–233, 1966     

Triterpene glycosides ofSapindus mukorossi

Conclusions The structure of two triterpone glycosides fromSapindus mukorossi Gaertn. has been established. It has been shown that sapindoside A is hederagenin 3-O--L-arabinosyl-(2 1)--L-rhamnopyranoside and sapindoside B is the 3-O--L-arabopyranosyl-(2 1)-O--L-rhamnopyranosyl-(3 1)--D-xylopyranoside.     

Stereochemistry of epoxidation of 4α-chloro-3(10)-carene

Conclusions Epoxidation of 4-chloro-3(10)-carene with peracetic acid gives a mixture of stereoisomeric 4-chloro-3,10-epoxycaranes with preferential formation of the cis isomer.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 832–835, April, 1979.     

Charge-transfer Interaction: A Driving Force for Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexation

PM3 calculations were performed on the complexation of -cyclodextrin (-CD) with nitrobenzene, benzoic acid, benzoate anion, 4-nitrophenol, and 4-nitrophenolate anion. The results, in agreement with the experimental observations, indicated that the complex -CD-benzoic acid was more stable than -CD-nitrobenzene, and -CD-4-nitrophenolate was more stable than -CD-4-nitrophenol. Frontier orbital analysis suggested that charge-transfer interaction led to such behaviors, and hence constituted a nontrivial driving force in the molecular recognition of -CD.     

Structure and configuration of korseverinine

Conclusions 1. By separating the mixture of bases obtained from the fresh epigeal part ofKorolkowia sewerzowii Rgl. with respect to solubility in different solvents, the alkaloids korseverine, korsinine, korsine, korseveriline, korseveridine, korseveramine, and korseverinine have been been isolated.2. On the basis of a study of chemical transformations and IR, NMR, and mass spectra, the configuration, 5,12,14,13,17,20,22,25-cev-8-ene-3,6-diol has been proposed for korseverinine.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 767–773, November–December, 1971.     

Investigations in the field of complex lipids

Summary 1. The synthesis of L-(+)--oleoyl--linoleoyl--glycerylphosphorylethanolamine has been effected.2. During the investigations the following substances were isolated and characterized: L--oleoyl--glycerylphosphoryl-N-phthaloylethanolamine and L---linoleoyl--glycerylphosphoryl-N-phthanoylethanolamine.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 80–83, 1966     

Synthesis and transformations of the 20-substituted derivatives of 16α,17α-epoxy-5α-pregnane-3Β,21-diol-20-ones

A new and more effective sequence of reactions is proposed for the production of 16,17-isopropylidenedioxy-5-pregnane-3,21-diol-20-one. It uses methods previously unused for 5-H-steroids and involves 21-hydroxylation of 16,17-epoxy-5-pregnan-3-ol-20-one with diacetoxyiodobenzene and cis-opening of the obtained 21-hydroxy-16,17-epoxy-5-pregnane-3,21-diol-20-one by acetic acid in the presence of epoxycarbonylhydrazine, followed by condensation of the obtained product with acetone.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 1185–1188, May, 1991.     

Formation of Supramolecular Polymers Constructed by Cyclodextrins with Cinnamamide

-Cyclodextrin having cinnamamide at 6- or 3-positions (6-CiNH--CD, 3-CiNH--CD) and -cyclodextrin with cinnamamide on 6-position (6-CiNH--CD) have been prepared. Supramolecular structures were formed in the solid state or aqueous solutions and characterized by measurements of NMR and vapor pressure osmometry (VPO). The results indicate that 6-CiNH--CD formed insoluble supramolecular polymers in the solid state, while 6-CiNH--CD and 3-CiNH--CD formed supramolecular complexes in aqueous solutions. 6-CiNH--CD was found to form a dimer in an aqueous solution. 3-CiNH--CD formed intermolecular complexes to give supramolecular polymers. The differences of the position of guest part on cyclodextrins caused to give a variety of supramolecular structures in aqueous solutions.     

Studies on the Colloidization and Stability of Layered M(IV) Phosphates in Aqueous Amine Solutions

For the purpose of preparing pillared materials and multifunctional films,the colloidization and hydrolysis of -Zr(HPO4)2·H2O(-ZrP), -Sn(HPO4)2·H2O (-SnP)and -Ti(HPO4)2·H2O (-TiP) in alkylamineand alcohol amine solutions were investigated. The phosphates colloidizeat a low level of amine intercalation but recrystallize at high levels ofamine uptake. Alcohol amines are more efficient in colloidization ofphosphates than alkylamines, and in the same amine solution -ZrPand -SnP colloidize more readily than -TiP. Thehydrolytic reaction of the phosphates following the course of intercalationin different amine solutions were studied. The dissolution of the metal ionsaccompanying the hydrolysis of HPO42- leads to the destruction ofthe sheet structure. The strong hydrolytic reaction of -TiP causesit to colloidize with difficulty. The phase transformations of the wet amineintercalates during air drying were detected by XRD. The interlayer aminemolecules may arrange in monolayer, bilayer or intermediate orientation,depending on the nature and content of the amines.