STUDY ON THE ADSORPTION OF OXIDATION OF CROSSLINKED β—CYCLODEXTRIN AND ITS CXOMPOSITE ADSORBENT WITH DIALYTIC MEMBRANE

An urea adsorbent with an aldo structure was obtained by the oxidation of a crosslinked β-cyclodextrin polymer.The highest urea adsorption capacity reached 56.7mg/g in 0.05Maqueous phosphate buffer 37℃ and pH=7.4,and decrease to 4.8mg/g in in aqueous human serum albumin.The composite adsorbent was prepared by the oxidation of a crosslinked β-cyclodextrin and dialytic membrane.It was found that the composite adsorbent has a higher urea adsorption selectivity and capacity compared to that of the oxidation of a crosslinked β-cyclodextrin adsorbent when urea is in aqueous human serum albumin.     

Design and performance of air flow-assisted ionization imaging mass spectrometry system

The imaging mass spectrometry（IMS） technology has experienced a rapid development in recent years.A new IMS technology which is based on air flow assisted ionization（AFAI） was reported.It allows for the convenient pretreatment of the samples and can image a large area of sample in a single measurement with high sensitivity.The AFAI in DESI mode was used as the ion source in this paper.The new IMS method is named AFADESI-IMS.The adoption of assisted air flow makes the sample pretreatment easy and convenient.An optimization of the distance between the ion transport tube and MS orifice increases the sensitivity of the system.For data processing,a program based on MATLAB with the function of numerical analysis was developed.A theoretical imaging resolution of a few hundred microns can be achieved.The composite AFAI-IMS images of different target analytes were imaged with high sensitivity.A typical AFAI-IMS image of the whole-body section of a rat was obtained in a single analytical measurement.The ability to image a large area for relevant samples in a single measurement with high sensitivity and repeatability is a significant advantage.The method has enormous potentials in the MS imaging of large and complicated samples.     

TERMINATION AND TRANSFER OF THE CHAIN RADICALS IN THE POLYMERIZATION OF ACRYLONITRILE INITIATED BY VANADIUM(V)-THIOUREA REDOX SYSTEM

The dependence of the molecular weights on the concentration of reactants in the polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by vanadium (V)-thiourea redox system has been investigated. It was found that the molecular weights of the polymer change nonlinearly with increasing concentrations of nitric acid and thiourea. Probably, the composition of the complexes exert a great influence on the chain initiation and termination. The reaction of "complextermination" gives rise to the decrease of the molecular weights markedly while the concentrations of thiourea and vanadium (V)in the range from one to three molar ratios.     

Apolipoprotein B100 analysis in microchip with electrochemical detection

Apolipoprotein B100(apoB-100) is a major protein of the cholesterol-rich low-density lipoprotein(LDL) and reflects a better assessment of total atherogenic burden to the vascular system than LDL.In this work,a simple and sensitive method has been developed to determine picoliter apoB-100s using the PMMA microfluidic chip coupled with electrochemical detection system. This method performs very well with a detectable linear range of 1-800 pg/mL and a detection limit of 1 pg/mL.A real serum sample has further been detected by this microchip-based biosensor.The results show that this kind of method is practicable and has the potential application in clinical analysis and diagnosis.     

THE DEMONSTRATION OF THE SPINDLE FIBER ATTACHMENTS IN THE AMPHIBIAN LIVER AND SPERM NUCLEI BY THE SERA FROM SCLERODERMA PATIENTS

The isolated liver nuclei and the mature sperm nuclei from Rana nigromaculata and Bufo bufo asiaticus had been investigated by indirect immunofluorescenee method with anti serum specific to the spindle fiber attachments (SFAs) from the scleroderma patients with CREST syndrome. It was found that in the isolated liver nuclei and the mature sperm nuclei of these animals there are discrete speckles which bind the antibody specific to the SFAs. The maximum number of these speckles counted in a single sperm nuclei of the frog corresponds with the haploid chromosome number of this animal (n=13). The haploid chromosome complement of the toad is 11 and the maximum number of the speckles counted in a single sperm nucleus of this species is also 11. These findings suggest that the scleroderma serum can be used to identify the SFAs of the amphibias and the antigens of SFAs are conserved in the mature sperms of these animals. The implication of these conclusions is discussed.     

BINARY COMPETITIVE AND COOPERATIVE ADSORPTION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS ON POLYMERIC RESINS

The adsorption behaviors of 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid and aniline on a conventional macroporous resin Amberlite XAD4 and the other two newly-developed hypercrosslinked resins NDA101 and NDA100 were investigated in a single or binary batch system at 293 K and 313 K,respectively.All the adsorption isotherms of 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid and aniline on the test resins in both systems can fit well with the Langmuir equation,indicating that the adsorption is a favorable process.At the identical equilibrium concentration,the amount of aniline adsorbed on polymeric resins in the single system is higher than that in the binary system because of the competitive adsorption between 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid and aniline on the resin surface.However,the uptake amount of 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid in the binary system is markedly larger than that in the single system,which is presumably due to the cooperative effect arisen from the electrostatic interaction between 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid and aniline adsorbed on the resin surface.The simultaneous adsorption system was proven to be helpful for the selective adsorption toward 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid due to its larger selective index.     

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF MIXTURES OF TRACE METAL BY DOUBLE-SYSTEM AND MULTIVARIATE CALIRRATION

In this paper,a new method for simultaneous spectrophotometric analysis of multi-component with double-system was developed.The multivariate calibration method,principalcomponent analysis-partial least squares(PCA-PLS),was described and applied to the processingof measurement data.A demonstration,simultaneous determination of cobalt,nickel,copper,zincand iron with double-system(5-Br-PADAP and PAR as chromogenic chelate reagents,respectively)was given.The results showed that the method with douhle-system gave better precision thanthose with single system and MLR(in this paper,AKC method was selected)did not give satis-fied precision in any situation.     

ENVIRONMENTAL STABILITY OF THE POLYENE PREPARED BY DEHYDROCHLORINATION OF POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE)

A high-quality polyene can be obtained by exensive dehydrochlorination of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in aliquid/solid two-phase system. The liquid phase is a tetrahydrofuran solution of PVC containing a small amount ofpoly(ethylene glycol) with molar mass of 400 g as a phase transfer catalys. The solid phase is potassium hydroxide particles.The structure of the polyene is polyacetylene-like and has a long conjugated C=C sequence and a narrow dispersity ofpolyene sequences according to its FT-infrared and Raman spectra. The environmental stability of the polyene was alsostudied by IR, Raman spectra and elemental analysis. Experimental results demonstrated that the polyene was susceptible toair and could be changed into a material containing high concentrations of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. The polyenesequences were shortened and its dispersity became broader due to the effect of dioxygen.     

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FORMATION AND PROPAGATION PROCESS OF FRACTURE SYSTEMS AND ITS APPLICATION

In this paper, the mechanical mechanism and propagation process of crustal fracture system are studied by using the principle and method of fracture mechanics. The trendings of two pairs of the X-shaped shearing fracture networks existing widely on the crust are calculated and the main causes to form them from the earth's rotation and thermal activity are considered. After the formation of X-shaped shearing fracture system, parts of them became a closed one but parts of them became more active and propagated further or interacted on each other since the stress field changed in the whole or regionally. Based on the propagating processes of single fracture and fracture systems, the formation process of the zigzag fractures of shear-tension and shear-compression are studied. Some examples showing that the propagating processes of fracture system can be applied to the research of earthquake prediction, are also indicated in this paper.     

Near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy with sample spots and chemometrics for fast determination of bovine serum albumin in micro-volume samples

Near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(NIRDRS) has attracted more and more attention in analyzing the components in samples with complex matrices.However,to apply this technique to micro-analysis,there are still some obstacles to overcome such as the low sensitivity and spectral overlapping associated with this approach.A method for fast determination of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in micro-volume samples was studied using NIRDRS with sample spots and chemometric techniques.10μL of sample spotted on a filter paper substrate was used for the spectral measurements. Quantitative analysis was obtained by partial least squares(PLS) regression with signal processing and variable selection.The results show that the correlation coefficient(R) between the predicted and the reference concentration is 0.9897 and the recoveries are in the range of 87.4%-114.4%for the validation samples in the concentration range of 0.61-8.10 mg/mL.These results suggest that the method has the potential to quickly measure proteins in micro-volume solutions.     

Sample Duplication Method for Monte Carlo Simulation of Large Reaction-Diffusion System

The sample duplication method for the Monte Carlo simulation of large reaction-diffusion system is proposed in this paper. It is proved that the sample duplication method will effectively raise the efficiency and statistical precision of the simulation without changing the kinetic behaviour of the reaction-diffusion system and the critical condition for the bifurcation of the steady-states. The method has been applied to the simulation of spatial and time dissipative structure of Brusselator under the Dirichlet boundary condition. The results presented in this paper definitely show that the sample duplication method provides a very efficient way to sol-'e the master equation of large reaction-diffusion system. For the case of two-dimensional system, it is found that the computation time is reduced at least by a factor of two orders of magnitude compared to the algorithm reported in literature.     

TRANSPORTATION THEORY OF MULTIPLE SCATTERING AND ITS APPLICATION TO SEISMIC CODA WAVES OF IMPULSE SOURCE

The energy distribution of elastic waves in an infinite elastic medium with uniformly and randomly distributed scatterers has been researched. The scattering process is assumed to be isotropic and without conversions between wave types. We get the equation on the distribution of energe density in time and space covering single as well as multiple scattering. Taking physical symmetry of the field into account, it can be simplified. In the case of small earthquakes, the energy source of elastic waves can be assumed as a short pulse emitted isotropically at t=0. The first-order approximate solution in the 3-dimensional space can be obtained, and it is equivalent to Sato's solution for single scattering. In the 2-dimensional space the complete analytical solution has been derived by the mathematical inductance which leads to a conclusion that the codas of surface waves can give the Q-factor related to intrinsic absorption. The equation obtained in this paper is more general.     

PHOTOCOPOLYMERIZATION OF MALEIC ANHYDRIDE AND VINYL ACETATE

The charge-transfer complex of maleic anhydride and vinyl acetate was copolymerized under UV light. The chain composition and structure of the copolymer were analyzed with conductometry and NMR, and the chain sequence was determined as alternating. The copolymerization rates at different feed ratios, temperatures and in different solvents were investigated, giving evidence to the very active involvement of the CT complexes in the copolymerization. Terpolymerization with acrylonitrile also showed that the complex mechanism was a proper one for this system.     

SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF MULTICOMPONENT IN MIXED ACIDS BY MATHEMATICAL METHOD

A new method for the determination of components in mixed acids has beendeveloped.The mathematical model is obtained from samples of known composition and isthen used to predict the concentrations of components in unknown sample.The practicalutility of this method is demonstrated for simultaneous determination of two systems ofternary mixed acids and the results are satisfactory.     

A Novel Method for Quantification of Circulating DNA in Serum by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

In this paper, we first presented a novel method for quantification of circulating DNA in human serum based on capillary zone electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CZE-LIF). The serum was digested by proteinase to release free DNA, and then CZE-LIF system was used for the quantification of total circulating DNA. This method was successfully used to quantify the circulating DNA levels in sera from healthy individuals and certain cancer patients.We found the significantly elevated circulating DNA levels in certain prostate cancer patients. Our results demonstrated that CZE-LIF system has good linearity, excellent sensitivity (0.5 ng/mL DNA),satisfactory reproducibility (RSDs in one day and between days were both less than 5%) and reliability, and is well suitable to the quantification of the circulating DNA in human serum or plasma.     

NATIONAL STANDARD OF HEAT CAPACITY MEASUREMENT OF SOLIDS IN THE RANGE OF 4.2—90K——AN AUTOMATED ADIABATIC CALORIMETER FROM 25 TO 90K AND MOLAR HEAT CAPACITIES OF α-ALUMINA

The construction of an automated adiabatic calorimeter for heat capacity measurement ofsolids in the temperature range of 25- 90K is described in detail. The sample vessel of thecalorimeter has thin radial vanes which make no contact with its inner wall and are distrib-uted evenly, thus greatly improving the internal thermal equilibration of the vessel. Theprecision of temperature control for the adiabatic shields and electrical leads of the calori-metric system are heightened to a great extent by using the high precision ACD- 79 modeladiabatic controller specially developed by us for this purpose. Measurements of the heatcapacities of high purity α-Al_2O_3, one of the internationally-accepted standard referencematerials, agree with those of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS), USA within ±0.3%,demonstrating the reliability of this apparatus.     

Studies on the Interaction of Beryllon Ⅲ with Proteins by Voltammetric Technique and its Application

A new quantitative determination method of proteins using beryllon Ⅲ by voltammetric technique was developed in this paper. In pH 3.5 Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer solution, beryllon Ⅲ can bind with human serum albumin (HSA) to form an electro-inactive supermolecular complex. Beryllon Ⅲ has a well-defined voltammetric reduction peak at -0.38 V (vs. SCE) and the addition of protein in this solution can cause the decrease of the reductive peak current. Based on the decrease of the reduction peak current, a new electrochemical method for the determination of HSA was established with linear range of 1.0-40.0 mg/L and the detection limit of 1.0 mg/L. This method is further applied to the determination of real sample of healthy human serum.     

RULE OF DISTRIBUTION OF PHASE POINTS OF POLY-UNIT MOLECULES AND HOMOLOGOUS LINEAR LAW

The chain M-(A)_n-N or ring obtained by bonding n number of A's with the same chemical structure in the same way is called the poly-unit molecule. Jiang Mingqian has discovered the famous homologous linear law for the poly-unit chain. Xu Guangxian and Li Lemin have studied its quantum-chemical basis and put forward the new linear factor.In order to study further the basic quantum chemistry of the homologous linear law, it is necessary to have first a thorough knowledge of the orbital characteristics of the polyunit molecules. The author studied the orbitals and the energy levels of poly-unit molecules by using difference equations. Based on the past work the concept of phase points of orbital was established, and the rule of distribution of phase points was developed as well. It is found that the phase points of similar orbitals in the molecules of a homologous series appear to condense around a certain point. Based on this fact a theoretical proof of the homologous linear law was made.     

SCATTERING FUNCTION OF POLYMER BLENDS

For a system of flexible polymer molecules, the concepts of two concentrations, namely the segmental and the molecular concentrations, have been proposed in this paper. The former is equivalent to the volume fraction. The latter can be defined as the number of the gravity centers of macromolecules in a unit volume. The two concentrations should be correlated with each other by the conformational function of the polymer chain and should be discussed in different thermodynamic equations. On the basis of these concepts it has been proved that the Flory-Huggins entropy of mixing should be the result of the mixing “ideal gases of the gravity centers of macromolecules“. The general correlation between the free energy of mixing and the scattering function (structural factor) of polymer blends has been studied based on the general fluctuation theory. When the Flory-Huggins free energy of mixing is adopted, the de Gennes scattering function of a polymer blend can be derived.     

THE STUDY OF ADAPTABILITY OF Drepanopus bispinosus TO TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY IN THE ANTARCTIC BURTON LAKE

The tolerance to temperautre and salinity of a Calanoida copepod: Drepanopus bispinosus from the Burton Lake in the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica, was tested in each season. The results obtained show that the copepod has a marked physiological property of tolerance to low temperature and high salinity, and this property could be strengthened after winter. The response to different temperature and salinity of the copepod evidently expressed the tardy characteristics contrasted with seasons. This means that for a long term in early winter(lower temperature and higher salinity) the animal still has higher tolerance to lower salinity and higher temperature; and it is opposite in early summer. These physiological features are possibly caused by natural acclimatization in the lake. The experimental data were processed and plotted by computer. The correlation of animal's survival rate with the changes of temperature and salinity presented an approximately smooth surface of a three-degree elliptic sphere.