Annulation reactions of allene-derived 1,3-dipole with 3-substituted-chromones: unusual recognition of 4pi-component in 3-(N-Aryliminomethyl)chromones through

All-carbon dipole derived by the interaction of triphenylphosphine with allenic ester is able to locate the polarized 2pi-component in 3-formylchromones through a regioselective [2 + 3] addition to the C2-C3 pi-bond, which is followed by deformylation leading to novel 3a,9a-dihydro-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1-cyclopenteno[5, 4-b]benzopyran-4-ones. On the contrary, the dipole recognizes azadiene in 3-(N-aryliminomethyl)chromones through [4 + 3] annulation and initially formed adducts undergo tandem rearrangements to afford novel N-aryl-2, 3-dihydro-4-ethoxycarbonylchromano[2,3-b]azepine-6-ones in good yield.     

Phosphine-catalyzed dearomative [3+2] annulation of 3-nitroindoles and allenoates

The efficient phosphine-catalyzed dearomative [3+2] annulation of 3-nitroindoles with allenoates has been successfully developed, providing a facile access to cyclopenta[b]indolines with good to excellent yields and high diastereoselectivities. This strategy features mild reaction conditions, high functional group tolerance, and scalability. Additionally, the 2-nitrobenzofuran and 2-nitrobenzothiophene were good dearomative [3+2] annulation partners.     

Novel malonamide derivatives as alpha v beta 3 antagonists. Syntheses and evaluation of 3-(3-indolin-1-yl-3-oxopropanoyl)aminopropanoic acids on vitronectin interaction with alpha v beta 3.

In attempt to find novel integrin alphavbeta3 antagonists, we selected SC65811 and its guanidine analogue (1) as lead compounds. Modification of the glycine part of SC65811 led to a new series of malonamide derivatives that exhibited alphavbeta3 inhibitory activity. Among them, (R,S)-3-[3-[6-(3-benzylureido)indolin-1-yl]-3-oxopropanoylamino]-3- (pyridin-3-yl)propanoic acid (43a) showed not only potent activity with an IC50 value of 3.0 nM but also good selectivity for alphavbeta3 relative to alphaIIbbeta3, alpha5beta1, and alphavbeta5 with IC50 values of 19,000, 11,000, and 14 nM, respectively. Furthermore, optimization of 43a led to the most potent alphavbeta3 antagonist, (R,S)-3-(3-[6-[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)amino]indolin-1-yl]-3-oxopropanoylamino)-3-(quinolin-3-yl)propanoic acid (431) with an IC50 value of 0.42 nM. The synthesis and the structure-activity relationships of these malonamide derivatives are presented.     

Synthesis of 4(pyrazol-3-yl)[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines and tetrazolo analog

The transformation of 2-chloro-3-[5-(acetoxymethyl)-1-phenylpyrazol-3-yl]quinoxaline 3 to 1-aryl-4-[5-(hydroxymethyl-1-phenylpyrazol-3-yl][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines 4a-c has been achieved upon treatment with aroylhydrazines in boiling butanol. Compounds 4a-c were smoothly acetylated by acetic anhydride to give their acetyl derivatives 5a-c in good yield. 4-[5-(Acetoxymethyl)-1-phenylpyrazol-3-yl]-1-methyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline was prepared by ring closure of 2-hydrazino-3-[5-(hydroxymethyl)-1-phenylpyrazol-3-yl]quinoxaline 6 by the action of acetic anhydride. The reaction of 6 with acetylacetone afforded 3-[5-(hydroxymethyl)-1-phenylpyrazol-3-yl]-2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)quinoxaline 8 . In addition, the reaction of 3 with sodium azide in boiling N, N-dimethylformamide yielded the fused tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline 9 .     

Synthesis and Study of Two-photon Absorption Behavior of 3- (3-Arylacryloyl) -chromen-2-one Derivatives

The study on two-photon absorption materials has attracted a lot of attention in recent years, many good re search results have been obtained in the field of two-photon fluorescent microscopy and imaging. [ 1 ～ 4] It was found in our laboratory that some 3-(3-arylacryloyl)-chromen-2-one derivatives possess good two-photon absorption behav-ior, [5] therefore, a series of this family of compounds was synthesized.     

A novel synthesis of bicyclo[3.3.0]oct-1-en-3-ones from cyclobutanones through [chloro(p-tolylsulfinyl)methylidene]cyclobutanes with ring expansion

Treatment of [chloro(p-tolylsulfinyl)methylidene]cyclobutanes, which were synthesized from cyclobutanones and chloromethyl p-tolyl sulfoxide in three steps in high overall yields, with excess cyanomethyllithium gave enaminonitriles in high yields. Heating of these enaminonitriles with H₃PO₄ in acetic acid gave 2-cyanobicyclo[3.3.0]oct-1-en-3-ones in good yield. On the other hand, treatment of the [chloro(p-tolylsulfinyl)methylidene]cyclobutanes with cyanomethyllithium followed by lithium carbanion of the homologues of acetonitrile afforded enaminonitriles having a substituent at the 3-position. Heating of the enaminonitriles with H₃PO₄ in acetic acid gave 2-substituted bicyclo[3.3.0]oct-1-en-3-ones in good to high yields. This method offers a novel and versatile procedure for synthesis of 2-substituted bicyclo[3.3.0]oct-1-en-3-ones from cyclobutanones in good overall yields.     

Catalytic Divergent [3+3]‐ and [3+2]‐Cycloaddition by Discrimination Between Diazo Compounds

Highly selective divergent cycloaddition reactions of enoldiazo compounds and α‐diazocarboximides catalyzed by copper(I) or dirhodium(II) have been developed. With tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) tetrafluoroborate as the catalyst epoxypyrrolo[1,2‐a]azepine derivatives were prepared in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivities through the first reported [3+3]‐cycloaddition of a carbonyl ylide. Use of Rh₂(pfb)₄ or Rh₂(esp)₂ directs the reactants to regioselective [3+2]‐cycloaddition generating cyclopenta[2,3]pyrrolo[2,1‐b]oxazoles with good yields and excellent diastereoselectivities.     

25,26-Dialkoxycalix[4]arenes. Part 2: 1-Alkoxy-3-benzoyloxy route

Benzoylation of calix[4]arene monoalkyl ethers with benzoyl chloride yielded the corresponding 3-benzoates and/or 2,3-dibenzoates in different reaction conditions. A simple recrystallization process was able to isolate the 3-benzoates in good yield. In the presence of NaH as reaction base, the 1-alkoxy-3-benzoyloxycalixarenes were alkylated with active alkyl halides at proximal position and yielded the corresponding 1,2-dialkoxy derivatives. Basic hydrolysis of compounds afforded the expected 25,26-dialkoxycalix[4]arenes. For the less active alkyl halides, alkylation of 1-alkoxy-3-benzoyloxycalix[4]arenes afforded both the 1,2-dialkoxy derivatives and the benzoyl-migrated 1,3-dialkoxy derivatives. Only the highly symmetrical 1,3-diethoxy-2-benzoyloxycalix[4]arene was able to be isolated upon the deliberate recrystallization process. After basic hydrolysis of the dialkylated crude products, 25,26-dialkoxycalix[4]arenes were chromatographic separated.     

Cross metathesis with strained exocyclic enones: synthesis of 3-alkylideneoxetan-2-ones from 3-methyleneoxetan-2-ones

[reaction: see text] 3-Alkylideneoxetan-2-ones have been prepared in good to excellent yields with high Z-selectivity by olefin cross metathesis with 3-methyleneoxetan-2-ones in the presence of second generation metathesis catalysts 1 or 2.     

A [3 + 3] annelation approach to tetrahydropyridines

[reaction: see text] A stepwise [3+3] annelation sequence to tetrahydropyridines via addition of the Büchi Grignard to aziridines has been developed. These intermediates can be further functionalized with good regio- and stereocontrol and this methodology has been employed in the stereoselective formal synthesis of (-)-dihydropinidine.     

Regioselective Synthesis of 2H - Pyrano [3, 2-c] Benzopyran-5H-One and 3H-Pyrano [2, 3-c] Benzopyran-5H-ONE

The hitherto unreported title compounds were obtained in good yields by [3, 3] sigmatropic rearrangement of 4 - [2-propynyloxy] coumarin and 3 - [2-propyny-loxy] coumarin respectively.     

Reactions of metal iodides as a simple route to heterometallics: synthesis, structural transformations, thermal and luminescent properties of novel hybrid iodoargentate derivatives templated by [YL8]3+ or [YL7]3+ cations (L = DMF or DMSO)

A 1 : 3 molar reaction of YI3 and AgI in dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of NH4I afforded [Y(DMF)8][Ag3(mu3-I)(mu-I)3I2] (1) with good yield, whereas the similar reaction in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) gave complexes [Y(DMSO)8][Ag2(mu-I)3I2] (2) and/or [Y(DMSO)8]2[Ag4(mu3-I)2(mu-I)4I2][I]2 (3), depending on the reaction and crystallization conditions. These discrete heterometallic hybrid compounds 1-3 undergo solid- and solution-state transformations via condensation of iodoargentate anions. So in the confined and solvent-free environment of paratone, crystals of 1 transformed into a 1D zig-zag structure [Y(DMF)8]3+[Ag6(mu4-I)2(mu3-I)2(mu-I)5]1infinity(3-) (4), whereas those of 2 were first converted into 3 and finally into [Y(DMSO)7]4[Ag4(mu3-I)4I4]3 (5). In solution phase, re-crystalization of 1 or 2 from DMSO-toluene gave 3 as an exclusive species, whereas reaction of 1 with 3 equiv of AgI in DMF afforded 4 with good yield. Alternatively, 4 could also be synthesized with excellent yield from a 1 : 6 molar reaction of YI3 and AgI. The above transformations suggest that, for a given metal-organic cation, an iodometallate cluster with higher nuclearity is thermodynamically more stable. Single crystal X-ray structures are reported for all the compounds and a mechanism for the structural transformation of 2 to 3 is proposed. In addition, spectroscopic, thermo-gravimetric and luminescent properties of the complexes 1, 3 and 4, which were obtained exclusively and in pure form, are also described.     

Copper(I) complexes of fluorinated triazapentadienyl ligands: synthesis and characterization of [N[(C3F7)C(Dipp)N]2]CuL (where L = NCCH3, CNBut, CO; Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl)

Sterically demanding triazapentadiene [N[(C3F7)C(Dipp)N]2] H has been synthesized in good yield. It features a W-shaped ligand backbone in the solid state. [N[(C3F7)C(Dipp)N]2]H reacts with copper(I) oxide in acetonitrile leading to [N[(C3F7)C(Dipp)N]2]CuNCCH3. This copper adduct serves as an excellent precursor to obtain thermally stable [N[(C3F7)C(Dipp)N]2]CuCNBut and [N[(C3F7)C(Dipp)N]2]CuCO. IR spectroscopic data of these copper(I) isocyanide (CN = 2176 cm(-1)) and copper(I) carbonyl (CO = 2109 cm(-1)) complexes indicate that the [N[(C3F7)C(Dipp)N]2]- ligand is a fairly weak donor.     

Hexaaryl[3]radialenes

Reactions of diarylmethyl anions whose conjugate acids are more acidic than diphenylmethane with tetrachlorocyclopropene are found to afford hexaaryl-[3]radialenes in modest to good yields, thus leading to the first synthesis of hexaphenyl[3]radialene itself too; X-ray crystalographic analysis of hexakis(p-cyanophenyl)[3]radialene reveals a double three-bladed conformation.     

Syntheses and characterization of oxygen/sulfur-bridged incomplete cubane-type clusters, [Mo3S4Tp3]+ and [Mo3OS3Tp3]+, and a mixed-metal cubane-type cluster, [Mo3FeS4ClTp3]. X-ray structures of [Mo3S4Tp3]Cl, [Mo3OS3Tp3]PF6, and [Mo3FeS4ClTp3

The reaction of [Mo3S4(H2O)9]4+ (1) with hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate (Tp) ligands produced [Mo3S4Tp3]Cl x 4 H2O ([3]Cl x 4 H2O) in an excellent yield. An X-ray structure analysis of [3]Cl x 4 H2O revealed that each molybdenum atom bonded to the Tp ligand. We report four salts of 3, [3]Cl x 4 H2O, [3]tof x 2 H2O, [3]PF6 x H2O, and [3]BF4 x 2 H2O in this paper. The solubility and stability of the chloride salt in organic solvents differ completely from those of the other salts. We have also prepared a new compound, [Mo3OS3Tp3]PF6 x H2O ([4]PF6 x H2O), via the reaction of [Mo3OS3(H2O)9]4+ (2) with KTp in the presence of NH4PF6. All the molybdenum atoms bonded to Tp ligand. 1H NMR signals corresponding to nine protons bonded to three pyrazole rings in one Tp were observed in a spectrum (at 253 K) of [3]BF4 x 2 H2O. It shows that cluster 3 has a 3-fold rotation axis in CD2Cl2 solution. Twenty-one 1H NMR signals corresponding to twenty-seven protons bonded to nine pyrazole rings in three Tp ligands were observed in a spectrum (at 233 K) of [4]PF6 x H2O; obviously, 4 has no 3-fold rotation axis, in contrast to 3. The short CH...mu3S distance caused large upfield chemical shifts in the 1H NMR spectra of 3 and 4. The reaction of 3 with metallic iron in CH2Cl2 produced [Mo3FeS4XTp3] (X = Cl (5), Br (6)). X-ray structure analysis of 5 has revealed the existence of a cubane-type core Mo3FeS4. Complex 3 functions as a metal-complex ligand for preparing a novel mixed-metal complex even in nonaqueous solvents. The cyclic voltammogram of 5 shows two reversible one-electron couples (E(1/2) = -1.40 and 0.52 V vs SCE) and two irreversible one-electron oxidation processes (E(pc) = 1.54 and 1.66 V vs SCE).     

Synthesis of 5-azaindolizine derivatives by the palladium-catalyzed intermolecular formal [3+2] cycloaddition of alkylidenecyclopropanes with 1,2-diazines

The palladium-catalyzed formal [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of alkylidenecyclopropanes with 1,2-diazines proceeded smoothly to give the corresponding 5-azaindolizine derivatives in good to allowable yields. For example, in the presence of 5 mol % of Pd(PPh(3))(4), the reaction of 1-propylhexylidenecyclopropane with phthalazine or with pyridazine proceeded at 120 degrees C without solvent, and the corresponding 2-(1-butylpentyl)pyrrolo[2,1-a]phthalazine or 6-(1-butylpentyl)pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazine was obtained in 61% or 49% yield, respectively.     

3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of 4-alkyl-3-hydroxy-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]isoquinolinium inner salts

Heating dipolarophiles with 4-alkyl-3-hydroxy-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]isoquinolinium hydroxide inner salts results in [3 + 2] cycloaddition across positions 3a and 5 of the aromatic system to give the [3 + 2] cycloadducts in good yield. When the 4-alkyl substituent is a 2-acetate ester and the methylene group can be deprotonated, a second mode of [3 + 2] cycloaddition becomes available for the resulting anion (across the side chain methine group and position 5 of the aromatic system) and occurs under basic conditions, allowing either of two modes of [3 + 2] cycloaddition to be selected by appropriate choice of reaction conditions.     

Synthesis of 1-substituted tetrazoles via the acid-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition between isocyanides and trimethylsilyl azide

1-Substituted tetrazoles were synthesized via the [3+2] cycloaddition between isocyanides and trimethylsilyl azide in the presence of an acid catalyst and MeOH. Various 1-substituted tetrazoles were obtained in good to high yields. The reaction probably proceeds through the in situ formation of hydrazoic acid, followed by a successive [3+2] cycloaddition with the isocyanide activated by an acid.     

Asymmetric Synthesis of Bicyclic Pyrazolidinones through Alkaloid-Catalyzed [3+2]-Cycloadditions of Ketenes and Azomethine Imines

A versatile asymmetric synthesis of bicyclic pyrazolidinones through alkaloid-catalyzed formal [3+2]- and [3+2+2]-cycloadditions of ketenes with azomethine imines is described. The methodology was found to be tolerant of ketene and a variety of monosubstituted ketenes (R=alkyl, OAc). The products were formed in good to excellent yields (71–99 % for 24 examples, 39 examples in all), with good to excellent diastereoselectivity in many cases (dr 3 : 1 to 27 : 1 for 22 examples), and with excellent enantioselectivity for most examples (≥93 % ee for 34 products). In the case of most disubstituted ketenes, the reaction proceeded through a [3+2+2]-cycloaddition to form structurally interesting bicyclic pyrazolo-oxadiazepinediones with moderate diastereoselectivity (dr up to 3.7 : 1) and as racemic mixtures (3 examples). The method represents the first unambiguous example of an enantioselective reaction between ketenes and a 1,3-dipole.     

Synthesis of dithieno[2,3-b:4',3'-d]siloles and their selective bromination

The efficient synthesis of novel unsymmetrical dithienosiloles, 7,7-dimethyl-4,6-di(trimethylsilyl)-dithieno[2,3-b:4',3'-d]silole (1) and 7,7-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri(trimethylsilyl)-dithieno[2,3-b:4',3'-d]silole (2) has been developed by intramolecular silole formation with 4,4'-dibromo-2,2',5,5'-tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)-[3,3']bithienyl (3) as the starting material in the presence of t-BuLi. Upon treatment with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) under controlled conditions, dithieno[2,3-b:4',3'-d]silole was selectively brominated to produce mono-, di-, and tribrominated dithieno[2,3-b:4',3'-d]siloles in good yields. The crystal structures of the title compounds are described.