聚氨酯类反应型高分子表面活性剂的研究进展

反应型高分子表面活性剂兼有反应型表面活性剂可以以牢固的共价键键合到聚合物粒子上,有效避免了表面活性剂在聚合物膜中迁移的优点和高分子表面活性剂性质稳定、耐水性好、低毒或无毒的优点,是一种备受关注的新型表面活性剂,其中含有双键的聚氨酯类可聚合型高分子表面活性剂因其软硬度可调、反应活性高等优点而成为此类研究的一个新热点。本文综述了国内外聚氨酯类反应型高分子表面活性剂最新研究概况,简述了其合成路线和应用性能,并对未来的研究方向进行了预测。     

高分子表面活性剂的合成

介绍了高分子表面活性剂的合成方法及其不同于低分子表面活性剂的特点,重点从离子聚合、活性自由基聚合、缩合聚合、开环聚合、高分子化学反应、自由基胶束聚合等角度综述了近几-来高分子表面活性剂的合成研究进展.     

纤维素类高分子表面活性剂

纤维素类高分子表面活性剂因其具有原料丰富,可生物降解,使用安全性好等一般合成高分子表面生剂所难以具备的优点,目前正引起人们的广泛关注。本文综述了近２０年来其主要研究进展,内容涉及含长链烷基,含碳氟基团和含双亲链段３类纤维素类表面活性剂。     

羧甲基纤维素系列高分子表面活性剂超声合成的研究

研究了在超声波作用下羧甲基纤维素的降解反应及ＣＭＣ与具有不同亲水亲油比值的活性大单体「烷基醇（酚）聚氧乙烯醚丙烯酸酯及第三单体」的超声共聚反应。经萃取提纯的共聚产物用ＩＲ，＾１３Ｃ ＮＭＲ和ＵＶ等方法进行表证，证实通过超声反应制得了二元和三元共聚物。     

高分子表面活性剂的分子设计

简要讨论高分子表面活性剂的俣成和表征方法，分析了在水溶液中两亲性聚合分子形态与表面活性的关系，单分子／多分子胶束多的形成是导致聚合物表面活性变差的主要因素，提出了高分子表面活性剂的分子设计原则，设计了多种在高分子量下将能够优质优良表面活性的高分子表面活性剂分子结构模型。     

天然高分子表面活性剂

综述了淀粉、纤维素和壳聚糖类表面活性剂的合成方法、性质及功能。     

新型非离子性嵌段型聚氨酯表面活性剂的合成及其表面活性研究

本文以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、聚醚为主要原料,通过逐步聚合得到新型非离子性两、三嵌段型聚氨酯表面活性剂(Di/Tri-PUn),使用红外光谱及1HNMR对其结构进行了表征,并用表面张力仪对其表面活性进行了测定。实验结果表明,所制备出的六种非离子性两、三嵌段型聚氨酯表面活性剂均具有较低的临界胶束浓度(其中Di-PUn系列临界胶束浓度数量级可达10-6),产物Di-PU34水溶液在室温下的表面张力最低可达33.7mN/m,并且在浓度很低时仍具备较好的降低表面张力的能力。     

一类活性极高的高分子表面活性剂

一类活性极高的高分子表面活性剂范仲勇，李娜，吴大诚（四川联合大学轻纺学院，成都，６１００６５）ＺｈａｏｈｕｉＳｕ，Ｓ．Ｌ．Ｈｓｕ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆｐｏｌｙｍｅｒＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ＆Ｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，ＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＭａｓｓａｃｈｕｓ...     

粘性高分子表面活性剂的合成研究

利用羟乙基纤维素(HEC)与1,2-环氧十八烷(EO-18)反应制备粘性高分子表面活性剂(EOHEC),探索了不同条件对产物性能的影响规律。研究发现,原料配比、溶胀时间、反应温度是影响EOHEC粘度性能的重要因素。控制合适条件能使HEC被EO-18接枝的程度达到最佳,从而使EOHEC靠主链的水溶性伸展作用及支链的疏水缔合作用形成大的结构单元,提高其粘性,另外,主链的亲水作用及支链的疏水作用,有效地保证了EOHEC水溶液的表面活性。     

Gemini表面活性剂的研究进展

Gemini型表面活性剂是一类双亲油基双亲水基的两亲物，因其特殊的二聚结构从而具有许多特殊的物化性质。综述了Gemini型表面活性剂的研究进展、合成方法、物化性质及其应用。     

Polyurethane acrylate microgel synthesized by emulsion polymerization using unsaturated self-emulsified polymer

Polyurethane (PU) acrylate microgels were obtained by emulsion polymerization of self-emulsified PU acrylate terminated by 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate without any extra emulsifier and crosslinker. Moreover, the PU acrylate was also used as stabilizer and crosslinker to synthesize poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)–PU composite microgels via emulsion polymerization, which provided a new method to synthesize PU microgels and their composite microgels. The kinetics of microgel synthesis was studied by gel permeation chromatography. The dynamic rheological behaviors indicated that a crosslinked structure was formed. The frequency dependency of the loss tangent and complex viscosities showed strong relationships with the microgel structure. Those microgels with rigid PMMA core showed higher ability to slide than the soft PU acrylate microgel, which had influence on the changing of loss tangent with frequency. All the microgels swollen in tetrahydrofuran exhibited high viscosities and strong shear-thinning behaviors. As a sort of flexible microgel, the PU microgel was able to form a coherent film at room temperature, which was distinct from hard microgels.     

聚氨酯／聚丙烯酸酯复合涂料的新进展

本文综述了近年来聚氨酯／聚丙烯酸酯复合涂料的新进展，主要介绍了合成方法、特点及几类新型的涂料体系，并对该领域进一步的发展提出了看法。     

磺酸型聚氨酯离聚物的离子导电性能

本文以多种聚醚为软段，二异氰酸酯（ＭＤＩ和ＴＤＩ）为硬段，合成了多嵌段聚醚聚氨酯，以此聚氨酯为基材，与ＮａＨ及１，３－丙碳酸内酯反应，进一步合成了一系列不同离子化程度的阴离子型碳化聚氨酯离聚物，用交流阻抗谱仪测定了样品的阻抗谱，由此计算出样品的离子电导率。研究结果表明其他条件相同时，以聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）为软段的样品具有较高的离子电导率；以聚环氧丙烷（ＰＰＯ）为软段的样品次之，以聚四氢呋喃（ＰＴＭＯ）为软段的样品最低，对于离子化程度不同的聚氨酯离聚物以金属离子和烷氧单元之比为０．０５时导电性能最好。阳离子为Ｌｉ＋和Ｎａ＋的样品具有相近的离子电导率。     

Structure and properties of polyurethane/polyacrylate latex interpenetrating networks hybrid emulsions

Some new kinds of novel polyurethane (PU)/polyacrylate (PA) latex interpenetrating networks (LIPNs) were synthesized. Firstly PU dispersions were synthesized by self-emulsification polymerization. Then PU/PA LIPNs using PU dispersion as the seed were prepared by soap free emulsion polymerization. The effects of different PU/PA ratios, the blending method and the NCO/OH molar ratio of PU components on PU/PA LIPNs performance were also investigated. The structure and properties of PU/PA LIPNs such as mechanical properties, particle size, morphology of the surface were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. It was found that PU/PA LIPNs can markedly improve the water resistance and the mechanical properties of PU latex much more than those of PU/PA physical blends due to a great deal of interpenetrating and entangling between PU and PA latex. Moreover, the particle size of PU/PA LIPNs is related to the PA content and NCO/OH molar ratio of PU components: the higher the NCO/OH molar ratio in PU dispersions, the larger is the particle size of PU/PA LIPNs, and the average particle size of PU/PA LIPNs becomes larger with an increase in PA content.     

Micellization and applications of narrow-distribution poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]

Oxyanion-initiated polymerization of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), initiated by potassium benzyl alcoholate (BzOK), produced a number of well-defined, water-soluble benzyloxy end-capped homopolymers of various molecular weights. The structure of these homopolymers was confirmed by FTIR and ¹H NMR. The molecular weights of the polymers were estimated by comparing the ¹H NMR peak integrals for phenyl protons of the benzyloxy group with those of the dimethylamino protons of the monomeric unit. GPC analysis showed that these homopolymers possess a narrow molecular weight distribution ( ) in the range of 1.15–1.28. Under acidic or neutral conditions, the polymers exhibit the behavior of polymeric surfactants bearing protonized tertiary amines in their pendants, with critical micelle concentration (CMC) between 0.5 to 1 g/L and surface tension dropping below 40 mN/m. It was also found that the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polymeric surfactants (as determined by UV-visible spectroscopy) varied with properties such as molecular weight, concentration, and pH in aqueous media. The polymeric surfactants showed excellent pH-response and emulsifier properties when used in the emulsion polymerization of styrene.     

Preparation and Properties of the Polyurethane Resin Modified by Rosin Glycerin Ester

为提高聚氨酯树脂的耐热性能和对颜料的润湿分散性能,采用松香甘油酯多元醇对聚氨酯进行改性。实验首先合成了松香甘油酯多元醇,然后将松香甘油酯与异氰酸酯基团发生化学反应,得到松香甘油酯改性聚氨酯树脂。通过红外光谱（FT-IR）、热重分析（TGA）及接触角仪对聚氨酯树脂的结构和性能进行表征,并对所配制的油墨的细度、粘度等指标进行检测。结果表明：松香甘油酯引入聚氨酯可显著提高聚氨酯的热稳定性和对酞菁蓝颜料的润湿分散性,聚氨酯的失重5％热分解温度由305．2℃提高至329．8℃;改性聚氨酯树脂对P．B54;1蓝颜料接触角为37．8°,油墨细度可达10mμ,油墨具有良好的流动性、稳定性和附着牢度。     

建国50年来我国乳液聚合技术研究开发与工业生产成就及现状

综述了建国５０年来我国乳液聚合合成橡胶、合成树脂及合成聚合物聚液工业从无到有,由小到大,由弱到强的发展历程,介绍了我国乳聚合新产品、新技术的开发以及乳液聚合物与聚合物乳推广应用所取得的伟大成就。     

全氟丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液研究进展

全氟丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液由于具有优异的表面特性，耐候性及环境友好性，可望在建筑涂料、纺织工业以及其它重要领域得到广泛的应用。本文综述了全氟丙烯酸酯聚合物的特性及乳液的合成方法与应用，介绍了国内外在此领域的研究状况。     

Recent Developments in Polyether Synthesis

Polyethers, both aliphatic, such as poly(ethylene oxide), poly(propylene oxide), etc., and wholly aromatic ones, such as poly(phenylene oxide)s, are commercially important materials. Polymers belonging to the former class are primarily synthesized via a ring‐opening polymerization route, while those belonging to the latter are prepared via either oxidative coupling or nucleophilic aromatic substitution approaches. Polyethers that contain both aromatic and aliphatic units in their backbone are far less common. This review will discuss some of the recent advances in the preparation of polyethers, primarily focussing on those where the ether linkage is generated during polymerization. Although the standard ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) route toward aliphatic polyethers has witnessed several interesting developments in recent years, it will not be covered in this review. The last section deals with a new melt‐transetherification approach for the preparation of poly(xylylene alkylene ether)s developed in our laboratory.