染毒全血与尿样中痕量路易氏剂的气相色谱-原子发射光谱联用法检测

将气相色谱-原子发射光谱联用法应用于染毒人全血及尿样中路易氏剂及其水解产物的测定.该文基于路易氏剂的结构和毒理特性,采用其特效解毒药2,3-二巯基丙硫醇(BAL)作为衍生化试剂,结合液-液萃取对样品进行预处理和富集,以气相色谱-原子发射光谱联用法定性定量.所建立的分析方法用于染毒人全血及尿样的检测,其检出限分别为50、20 μg/L(S/N＝3),相对标准偏差小于5.4%.该方法为确证路易氏剂染毒提供了一种直接的溯源性检测方法,尤其适用于BAL治疗后生物医学样品中路易氏剂的检测.     

固相微萃取-脉冲火焰光度法测定大气及水中的路易氏剂

建立了固相微萃取（SPME）与气相色谱/脉冲火焰光度检测器（GC／PFPD）联用测定大气和水中路易氏剂及其水解产物的方法。探讨了影响SPME萃取效率的萃取头类型、萃取时间、解吸时间等因素。优化了PFPD的条件参数、衍生化试剂及衍生条件。在优化的条件下，路易氏剂衍生产物的响应值与浓度有良好的线性关系。本方法对水中路易氏剂及其水解产物的检出限为0．1μg/L；气体中路易氏剂的检出限为10ng／m^3；水样的加标回收率为96．7％-102．1％；气体样品的加标回收率为94．9％-103．0％；RSD为2．06％。     

柱上巯基化衍生-SPE/GC/MS测定强干扰有机液体样品中的路易氏剂-1和路易氏剂-2

创建了柱上分步巯基化衍生SPE测定强干扰有机相中路易氏剂-1(L-1)和路易氏剂-2(L-2)的方法.利用优化的条件,测定L-1和L-2在5.0～30 μg/mL的浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,同时对浓度各为5.0、10 μg/mL的L-1和L-2加标回收率分别为102.9%、78.0%和103.9%、78.0%,且相对标准偏差均小于10%.该方法不仅克服了目标化合物醇解和溶剂变换过程中造成的损失,而且可实现烷基膦酸酯化合物的检测,有效避免了真实样品中目标化合物的丢失,具有实用价值.     

人工尿样中芥子气-谷胱甘肽加合物的气相色谱-质谱法检测

该文以气相色谱-质谱法测定人工尿样中的芥子气-谷胱甘肽加合物的β-裂解产物1,1′-磺酰基二(2-甲巯基)乙烷(SBMTE)。采用固相萃取(SPE)及固相支持液-液萃取(SLE)两种方法对尿样中的SBMTE进行富集净化,并对两种方法的影响因素进行了优化。采用中等极性毛细管色谱柱(DB-17MS)分离,以电子轰击源(EI)质谱选择离子模式(SIM)检测,内标法定量。结果表明,以SPE/GC-MS方法检测,SBMTE在1~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r为0.998 4,检出限(LOD)为0.1μg/L,回收率大于90%;以SLE/GC-MS方法检测,SBMTE在2~150μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r为0.998 8,检出限为0.5μg/L,回收率大于90%。SPE方法适用于直接检测空白尿样中添加SBMTE或芥子气染毒真实尿样还原后样品的进一步净化处理,SLE方法可应用于芥子气染毒后真实尿样的确证检测和溯源性检测。     

气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱检测尿样中神经性毒剂代谢产物烷基膦酸类化合物

建立了气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱检测尿样中有机磷毒剂代谢产物烷基膦酸类化合物含量的方法。选用DB-17MS色谱柱(30 m×0. 25 mm×0. 25μm),化学离子源,在负离子模式下,选择反应监测模式扫描,对暴露于有机磷毒剂下的人尿样中的烷基膦酸类化合物含量进行测定。在优化条件下,5种烷基膦酸类化合物可在30 min内完成同时测定,检测方法的线性关系良好,检出限为0. 1μg/L,定量下限为0. 5μg/L,加标回收率为97. 3%~98. 9%,重复性RSD为5. 3%~10%,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为2. 4%~4. 3%,日间RSD为2. 5%~4. 5%。该法准确、灵敏度高、专属性强、重复性好,适用于染毒尿样中烷基膦酸类化合物的含量测定,可为有机磷毒剂人体内代谢产物烷基膦酸类化合物提供有效的检测手段。     

生物医学样品中路易氏剂代谢产物分析检测方法研究进展

综述生物医学样品中路易氏剂代谢产物分析方法的研究现状,主要总结了路易氏剂染毒生物医学样品中标志物、样品制备和仪器分析方法的研究进展。路易氏剂染毒生物标志物主要包括游离和加合代谢产物两种,分析过程主要是对选定的生物标志物进行巯基化衍生和富集纯化,之后采用气相色谱–质谱、液相色谱–质谱等仪器对目标物进行检测鉴定。     

衍生化-热解吸-气相色谱法测定空气中痕量路易氏剂

通过SKC采样泵以330 mL·min-1的速率抽吸一定时间,采集空气样品于不锈钢采样管中.样品中痕量路易氏剂(化学名为2-氯乙烯二氯胂)吸附并富集于吸附剂上.路易氏剂与3,4-二巯基甲苯的衍生化及其从吸附剂上的热解吸过程均在采样管中按选定的条件进行.应用Plack-ett-Burman设计,中心复合设计及响应曲面等方法对热解吸参数进行了优化.分别配制含有116.2 mg·L-1及1.162 g·L-1路易氏剂的空气模拟样品,按所提出的方法进行分析,测得路易氏剂的回收率依次为77.1%及99.4%.     

3,4-二巯基甲苯衍生砷形态的气相色谱-质谱分析

建立了3,4-二巯基甲苯衍生路易氏剂和苯胂酸,辅之以气相色谱-质谱和气相色谱-原子发射光谱分析的方法。从优化衍生化反应的实验条件出发,研究了衍生剂用量、温度、酸度等几个因素的影响。并由GC-MS和GC-AED获得了路易氏剂和苯胂酸线性范围和检测限。将该法应用于加标水样的分析,回收率均在93.98%-110.26%,获得满意的结果。     

柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定二乙醇胺脱氢产物亚氨基二乙酸和甘氨酸

以对甲苯磺酰氯(PTSC)为衍生剂,建立了柱前衍生高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定二乙醇胺脱氢产物中亚氨基二乙酸(IDA)和甘氨酸(Gly)含量的分析方法。IDA和Gly与衍生剂在碱性(pH 11)条件下于45℃反应15 min,进行柱前衍生,并利用高效液相色谱-质谱对衍生产物进行定性分析。衍生化产物采用VP-ODS色谱柱(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,以0.03 mol/L醋酸铵溶液(pH 5.5)为流动相A、乙腈为流动相B(体积比为87∶13),进行等度洗脱,流速为1 mL/min,并采用配有紫外检测器的高效液相色谱仪测定,检测波长为235 nm。该法在IDA质量浓度为900~2 100 mg/L、Gly质量浓度为20~100 mg/L的范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R2)均大于0.999。IDA和Gly的检出限(LOD)分别为0.089 7 mg/L和0.026 2 mg/L,加标回收率分别为98.7%~99.3%和98.0%~99.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.89%~1.23%和0.95%~1.11%(n=3)。该法具有反应条件温和、准确性高的特点,可用于工艺生产中IDA和Gly含量的测定。     

热解吸-气相色谱-质谱联用仪检测废气中路易氏剂

建立了热解吸-气相色谱-质谱(TD-GC-MS)测定日本遗弃化学武器销毁废气中路易氏剂(L)的方法,优化了TD-GC-MS方法检测废气中L的衍生化反应条件,考察了废气中碳氢化合物和多环芳烃(PAHs)对该方法的影响,测试了该方法检测不同浓度路易氏剂的精密度和不同条件下的定量检出限。结果表明,该方法对洁净空气中和实际工况条件下路易氏剂的定量检出限分别为3.1×10~(-7)mg/m~3和1.1×10~(-5)mg/m~3(采样体积30 L)。     

Darstellung,Kristallstrukturen, Schwingungsspektren und Normalkoordinatenanalyse von vier bindungsisomeren Trichlorotrirhodanoosmaten(IV)

Preparation, Crystal Structures, Vibrational Spectra, and Normal Coordinate Analysis of four Linkage Isomeric Trichlorotrirhodanoosmates(IV) By treatment of fac-[OsCl₃I₃]^2? with (SCN)₂ in dichloromethane the linkage isomers fac-[OsCl₃(NCS)₃]^2? ( 1 ), mer-[OsCl₃(NCS)₂^c(SCN)]^2? ( 2 ), mer-[OsCl₃(NCS)(SCN)₂^t]^2? ( 3 ), and mer-[OsCl₃(NCS)(SCN)₂^c]^2? ( 4 ) are formed which have been separated by ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. X-Ray structure determinations have been performed on single crystals of fac-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₃(NCS)₃] (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 12.142(5), b = 13.233(5), c = 19.300(5) Å, α = 98.642(5)º, β = 100.509(5)º, γ = 112.514(5)º, Z = 2), mer-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₃(NCS)₂^c (SCN)] · acetone (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 11.707(5), b = 13.238(5), c = 19.048(5) Å, α = 75.960(5)º, β = 88.981(5)º, γ = 69.999(5)º, Z = 2), mer-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₃(NCS)(SCN)₂ ^t] (triclinic, space group P1, a = 10.6861(12), b = 11.6587(5), c = 12.5232(5) Å, α = 112.069(8)º, β = 95.052(8)º, γ = 92.559(7)º, Z = 1) and mer-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₃(NCS)(SCN)₂ ^c] · 2acetone (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 11.444(5), b = 14.661(5), c = 15.830(5) Å, α = 75.790(5)º, β = 80.273(5)º, γ = 75.205(5)º, Z = 2). The complex anions are completely ordered. The via N or S coordinated thiocyanate groups are located nearly direct above one of the cis-positioned Cl ligands with Os? N? C angles of 169.1º, 171.5º, 175.7º ( 1 ), 175.6º, 178.6º ( 2 ), 172º ( 3 ), and 173.1º ( 4 ) and Os? S? C angles of 106.2º ( 2 ), 106.1º, 106.6º ( 3 ), 105.1º, and 108.2º ( 4 ). Using the molecular parameters of the X-Ray determinations the low temperature (10 K) IR and Raman spectra of the (n-Bu₄N) salts of all four linkage isomers have been assigned by normal coordinate analyses based on a modified valence force field. The valence force constants are f_d(OsN) = 1.71 ( 1 ), 1.46 and 1.62 ( 2 ), 1.69 ( 3 ), and 1.61 ( 4 ), f_d(OsS) = 1.27 ( 2 ), 1.36 ( 3 ), 1.32, and 1.49 mdyn/Å ( 4 ). Taking into account increments of the trans influence a good agreement between observed and calculated frequencies is achieved.     

Darstellung,Kristallstrukturen, Schwingungsspektren und Normalkoordinatenanalyse von vier bindungsisomeren Tetrachlorodirhodanoosmaten(IV)

Preparation, Crystal Structures, Vibrational Spectra, and Normal Coordinate Analysis of Four Linkage Isomeric Tetrachlorodirhodanoosmates(IV) By treatment of cis- or trans-[OsCl₄I₂]^2? with (SCN)₂ in dichloromethane the linkage isomers cis-[OsCl₄(NCS)₂]^2? ( 1 ), trans-[OsCl₄(NCS)(SCN)]^2? ( 2 ), cis-[OsCl₄(NCS)(SCN)]^2? ( 3 ) and trans-[OsCl₄(SCN)₂]^2? ( 4 ) are formed which have been separated by ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. The X-Ray structure determinations on single crystals of cis-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₄(NCS)₂] (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 10.019(5), b = 11.702(5), c = 21.922(5) Å, α = 83.602(5)°, β = 85.718(5)°, γ = 73.300(5)°, Z = 2), trans-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₄ · (NCS)(SCN)] (monoclinic, space group P2₁/c, a = 18.025(5), b = 11.445(5), c = 23.437(5) Å, β = 94.208(5)°, Z = 4), cis-(Ph₄As)₂[OsCl₄(NCS)(SCN)] (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 10.579(5), b = 11.682(5), c = 22.557(5) Å, α = 81.073(5)°, β = 85.807(5)°, γ = 87.677(5)°, Z = 2) and trans-(Ph₄As)₂ · [OsCl₄(SCN)₂] (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 10.615(5), b = 11.691(5), c = 11.907(5) Å, α = 111.314(5)°, β = 96.718(5)°, γ = 91.446(5)°, Z = 1) reveal the complete ordering of the complex anions. The via N or S coordinated thiocyanate groups are located nearly direct above one of the cis-positioned Cl ligands with Os? N? C angles of 171.2° and 174.3° ( 1 ), 162.3° ( 2 ), 172° ( 3 ) and Os? S? C angles of 108.3° ( 2 ), 105.7° ( 3 ) and 105.5° ( 4 ). Using the molecular parameters of the X-Ray determinations the low temperature (10 K) IR and Raman spectra of the (n-Bu₄N) salts of all four linkage isomers are assigned by normal coordinate analyses based on a modified valence force field. The valence force constants are f_d(OsN) = 1.59 ( 1 ), 1.67 ( 2 ), 1.60 ( 3 ) and f_d(OsS) = 1.27 ( 2 ), 1.31 ( 3 ) and 1.32 mdyn Å^?1 ( 4 ). Taking into account increments of the trans influence a good agreement between observed and calculated frequencies is achieved.     

Darstellung und Kristallstruktur von (n-Bu4N)3[Ir(NCS)(SCN)5]

Preparation and Crystal Structure of (n-Bu₄N)₃[Ir(NCS)(SCN)₅] The evaporated ethanolic extrakt of the reaction product of K₃[IrCl₆] and HNO₃, refluxed with an aqueous KSCN solution yields a mixture of the linkage isomers [Ir(NCS)_n(SCN)_6?-n]^3?, n = 0? 2, and small amounts of linkage isomeric chloropentarhodanoiridates(III), from which [Ir(NCS)(SCN)₅]^3? has been isolated by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The X-Ray structure determination on a single crystal of (n-Bu₄N)₃[Ir(NCS)(SCN)₅] (monoclinic, space group P 2₁/a, a = 17.513(5), b = 32.607(5), c = 23.661(5) Å, β = 94.757(5)°, Z = 8) confirms the existance of a heteroleptic hexakis(thiocyanato(N)-thiocyanato(S))iridate(III) with an Ir? N distance of 2.03 Å and Ir? S bond lengths between 2.29 and 2.38 Å. The SCN groups with angles between 166 and 175° are nearly linear with Ir? S? C angles from 99.9 to 109.4°. The Ir? N? C angles of the two crystallographic independent anions are 166 and 174°.     

Comparative Thermogravimetric Studies of Poly(ether-ketone/sulfone) Imides and Their Parent Polymers: I. Poly(ether-ketone/sulfone) ethylimide

Thermogravimetry (TG) was employed to study the thermal degradation kinetics of poly(etherketone/sulfone)ethylimide (PEK-IE and PES-IE). The corresponding decomposition activation energies and reaction orders were obtained and the comparison was made with their parent polymerspoly(ether-ketone/sulfone) with Cardo group (PEK-C and PES-C). The results show that the degradation activation energies of PEK-IE and PES-IE were lower than that of PEK-C and PES-C; and two stages of the degradation process were found for all the four polymers. For PEK-IE and PES-IE, the activation energies in the first decomposition stage are much lower than that in the second stage and the two stages can be taken as slow induction and fast degradation, whereas for PEK-C and PES-C the activation energies in the first decomposition stage are larger than that in the second stage, and the two stages can both be taken as two fast degradation stages. The decomposition mechanism of the two stages was also speculated.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL COMPLEXES WITH AMPICILLIN

Abstract

The reaction, in water, of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions with sodium ampicillinate at room temperature has allowed isolation of dimers with the following general formula [M(amp)Cl]₂ × nH₂O (n = 1.5?3.2). The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibilities and spectroscopic methods (IR, Raman, EPR and UV-Visible). A dinuclear structure based on octahedrally coordinated metal ions is proposed.     

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性;均苯四甲酸二酐;联苯四羧酸二酐;二羟基联苯胺;聚酰亚胺;聚苯并噁唑;耐热性     

Thermal Degradation of Poly(ε-caprolactone), Poly(L-lactic acid) and their Blends with Poly(3-hydroxy-butyrate) Studied by TGA/FT-IR Spectroscopy

Summary: The thermal degradation behavior of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) have been studied in different environment. It was found that these polymers undergo completely different degradation processes in nitrogen and oxygen atmosphere. In oxygen environment PCL and PLA mainly decompose to CO₂, CO, water and short-chain acids. In nitrogen atmosphere PCL releases 5-hexenioc acid, CO₂, CO and ε-caprolactone, whereas PLA decomposes to acetaldehyde, CO₂, CO and lactide. The polymer blends of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) with PCL and PLA decompose similar to the individual homopolymers with crotonic acid as the initial decomposition product of PHB.     

Energy relationship and the polarization of C_(60) cage in the endohedral complexes (X@C_(60))

In this paper, we carry out the calculation on the system (X@C60)(X=Li, Na, K, Kb, Cs; F, Cl, Br, I), where the position of X changes along 5 typical symmetry directions. For the calculation of quantum chemistry we use EHMO/ASED method, for the calculation of molecular mechanics we use Buckingham potential (exp-6-1) function, and for the calculation of thermo-chemical cycle we use individually isolating the processes such as the structure variation, charge transfer and charge distribution, and their interactions etc. The calculation results show that (1) In the region of radius r≈0.2 nm of the Ceo cage, the potential field is nearly spherical; (2) Except for Li and Na, the systems are the most stable with minimum energies at the center of C60 cage. For Li and Na, the systems are the most stable with minimum energies at r≈0.16 nm and r≈0.13 nm, respectively. In view of the interactive region of chemical bonds, the interactions between X and the C60 cage do not belong to the classical chemical bonds; (     

铜在3%NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的光电化学研究

Cu以其优异的导电性、导热性和易加工性广泛用于工农业生产中．自然Cu的腐蚀和防腐成为人们很关注的问题．人们已经注意到，Cl-对Cu的腐蚀有影响，并进行过一些研究．但目前使用光电化学方法研究这一问题的文章尚不多见，特别是利用测量开路光电压及其瞬态波形这一现场的、无损的、灵敏的监测方法研究户对Cu电极腐蚀全过程的文章尚未见到．本文正是利用如上方法及XPS，AES方法，研究了Cl-对Cu电极腐蚀的全过程，取得了一些有意义的结果．1实验方法Cu电极用99．99％（质量分数）的Cu制成，面积约为39mm2；电极底部由Cu导线焊接引出，…     

On the morphological behavior of ABC miktoarm stars containing poly(cis 1,4-isoprene), poly(styrene), and poly(2-vinylpyridine)

Fundamental understanding of microphase separation in ABC miktoarm copolymers is vital to access a plethora of nonconventional morphologies. Miktoarm stars based on poly(cis 1,4-isoprene) (I), poly(styrene) (S), and poly(2-vinylpyridine) (V) are model systems, which allow systematic studies of the effects of composition, chemical microstructure, and temperature on the thermodynamics of microphase separation. Eleven ISV-x (I:S:V = 1:1:x, v:v:v) miktoarm copolymers were synthesized by anionic polymerization affording well-defined copolymers with a variable V arm. Equilibrium bulk morphologies of all samples, as evidenced by small-angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and self-consistent field theory, showed a systematic transition from lamellae (x ≈ 0–0.2) to [8.8.4] tiling (x ≈ 0.6–0.9) to cylinders in undulating lamellae (x ≈ 2–4) and, finally, to hexagonally packed core–shell cylinders (x ≈ 5–8). Chemical microstructure of the I arm [poly(cis 1,4-isoprene)] versus poly(3,4-isoprene) is shown to play important role in affecting morphological behavior. To reconcile differences between ISV-x star morphologies reported in the literature and those reported herein, even for the same composition, effects of the microstructure of I arm on the Flory–Huggins parameter between I and V arms were taken into account in a qualitative manner. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018 , 56, 1491–1504