定量核磁共振技术测定嘧菌酯的含量

建立了一种测定嘧菌酯含量的核磁共振方法。以氯仿为溶剂,3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲醛为内标时,在扫描次数16次、脉冲等待时间10 s时,定量核磁共振方法得到的结果相对偏差小,精密度、重复性、稳定性、耐用性均能达到要求,在样品与内标的摩尔比在0.207~3.010范围内嘧菌酯含量与定量峰积分面积线性关系良好。     

反门控去耦技术在定量~1H NMR测定苯乙醇胺A纯度中的应用

采用定量核磁中反门控去耦的方法对苯乙醇胺A的纯度进行测定。通过对氘代溶剂和内标物、定量峰的选择,以及弛豫延迟时间(D_1),采样次数和采样温度等定量核磁条件的优化,最终确定测试条件为:激发脉冲角度307),时间域数据点32 K,测定温度293 K,脉冲的弛豫延迟为33.64 s,采样次数64,线宽0.3Hz。在此实验条件下,稳定性可达24 h,耐用性良好。以样品和内标的峰面积比对其摩尔比绘制标准曲线,结果显示,两者的摩尔比在0.333~3.333范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r~2)为0.999 9。该方法专属性强,准确,简便,适用于该类型化合物含量的测定。     

离子色谱法测定盐酸吉西他滨药品中的氟

分别用过硫酸钾湿消解法、过硫酸钾加压湿消解法、双氧水加压湿消解法、干灰化法对盐酸吉西他滨进行氧化处理,将有机氟转化为无机氟,用离子色谱法测定氟离子含量,间接测得盐酸吉西他滨中的总氟量。实验考量了过硫酸钾、氢氧化钠和双氧水的用量。在选择的样品预处理方法和色谱条件下,后3种方法转化率达到88.9%～98.6%,回收率为89.4%～105%,在此基础上,建立了盐酸吉西他滨药品中总氟的定量测定方法,F-含量在0.1～10 mg/L的浓度范围内呈线性,线性回归系数为0.9996,相对标准偏差为2.4%,检测限为0.01 mg/L。     

定量核磁共振波谱法测定片剂中吡罗昔康

建立了定量核磁共振波谱法测定片剂中吡罗昔康含量的方法。以咖啡因为内标,选择~1H-NM R的脉冲程序,延迟时间为12 s,采样次数为32次,以吡罗昔康中δ2.969的峰为定量峰,咖啡因中δ4.006的峰为内标定量峰。吡罗昔康与内标咖啡因的质量比在0.25~6.0的范围内具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.9993。吡罗昔康片的加标回收率为97.7%~101.0%,相对标准偏差为0.42%~1.2%。方法可用于吡罗昔康片剂含量的测定。     

核磁共振波谱法测定胆酸甲酯的含量

采用核磁共振波谱法测定胆酸甲酯的含量。以顺丁烯二酸为内标,氘代二甲基亚砜和重水为溶剂,测试温度为298K,脉冲宽度为8μs,弛豫时间为50s,扫描次数为16次。δ6.28为顺丁烯二酸的定量峰,δ3.79和δ0.59为胆酸甲酯的定量峰,以两个定量峰试验结果的平均值计算胆酸甲酯的含量。顺丁烯二酸与胆酸甲酯的定量峰不受其他信号干扰,顺丁烯二酸与胆酸甲酯的质量比在0.208~1.03范围内呈线性。胆酸甲酯的绝对含量测定结果为99.4%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.33%。     

核磁共振定量法测定利培酮含量

采用氢核磁共振定量法和氟核磁共振定量法测定利培酮含量。氢核磁共振定量法以利培酮δ7.29~7.35处质子峰为定量峰,马来酸δ6.02处为内标峰,在恒温300 K,采样时间4.0 s,弛豫延迟时间15 s,扫描次数为32次条件下采集氢谱。氟核磁共振定量法以4-溴-2-氟-乙酰苯胺为内标,在恒温300 K,谱宽12 500.0 Hz,中心频率-43 662.7 Hz下采集氟谱。测试结果显示,利培酮氢核磁共振定量法和氟核磁共振定量法的含量测定结果基本与质量平衡法的结果一致。因此,核磁共振法可用于利培酮绝对含量的测定,具有快速、简单、准确的优势。     

氢核磁共振定量法测定盐酸伊托必利片含量

以马来酸作为内标物质,氢核磁共振定量法(qHNMR)测定盐酸伊托必利片中盐酸伊托必利的含量。选择盐酸伊托必利δ7. 31～7. 40处为定量峰,马来酸δ6. 31处为内标峰,在恒温300K,弛豫延迟时间15 s,采样时间4. 01 s,扫描次数为64次条件下采集盐酸伊托必利片的qHNMR图谱。比较HPLC法与qHNMR法测定盐酸伊托必利片含量的结果。qHNMR法在2. 31～18. 66 mg·mL~(-1)的范围内线性关系良好。低、中、高浓度的平均回收率分别为98. 52%、99. 72%、101. 11%,RSD为1. 17%(n=9),检测限(LOD)为50. 0 ng·mL~(-1),定量限(LOQ)为120. 0 ng·mL~(-1)。盐酸伊托必利片的qHNMR法含量测定结果与HPLC法的测定结果基本一致。qHNMR法可用于测定盐酸伊托必利片中盐酸伊托必利含量的测定。     

定量核磁共振波谱法同时测定中药虎杖中白藜芦醇和虎杖苷的含量

建立了定量核磁共振波谱法同时测定虎杖中白藜芦醇和虎杖苷的方法。样品用80%乙醇和丙酮两次超声提取净化,再用定量核磁共振波谱法测定。考察了样品预处理和核磁共振实验条件对测定结果的影响,选择氘代二甲亚砜-重水(10∶1,V/V)为溶剂,用基准物质邻苯二甲酸氢钾标定的2,3,5-三碘苯甲酸为内标,选择脉冲延迟时间为5 s,采样次数为32次。定量峰为6.388~6.391(白藜芦醇:H-2,6,d,2H)和6.322~6.330(虎杖苷:H-4,t,1H)。结果表明,NMR测定的精密度均小于0.6%,线性相关系数(r)均大于0.999,白藜芦醇和虎杖苷的检出限分别为0.23和0.24 g/L,定量限分别为0.69和1.57 g/L,包括样品提取过程的回收率分别为97.7%~103.5%(RSD=2.4%)和94.5%~99.2%(RSD=1.6%),显示出定量核磁共振法在中药定量时的可靠性。实际测定4种虎杖饮片及配方颗粒样品中白藜芦醇和虎杖苷含量分别为3.57~5.69 mg/g和12.73~24.07 mg/g。     

8种生物胺盐核磁共振法纯度定值

建立了核磁共振氢谱法(1H NMR)测定盐酸精胺、盐酸亚精胺、盐酸组胺、盐酸腐胺、盐酸尸胺、盐酸2-苯乙胺、盐酸酪胺和盐酸章胺8种生物胺盐酸盐纯度的定值方法。8种生物胺盐酸盐采用1H,1H-1H COSY谱对氢进行了归属,选择国家二级标准物质尼泊金乙酯(GBW(E)100064)为内标对8种生物胺盐酸盐进行纯度测定,并考察了不同实验参数对准确定量的影响,以标准物质尼泊金乙酯和对硝基甲苯对实验参数进行考察。实验结果显示,弛豫时间是影响定量的主要因素,准确定量时应采用远大于5倍T1(90度脉冲宽度)的弛豫时间,而脉冲宽度对定量结果无影响,但小的脉冲宽度可在确保定量准确性的前提下缩短弛豫时间。采用优化后的实验参数条件对8种生物胺盐酸盐进行定值,其纯度分别为99.0%,99.1%,99.4%,99.1%,99.3%,99.6%,99.6%,93.3%,相对标准偏差分别为0.2%,0.2%,0.3%,0.2%,0.2%,0.1%,0.2%,0.3%。     

核磁共振波谱法测定依非韦伦含量

分别采用氢核磁共振定量法和氟核磁共振定量法测定依非韦伦含量。氢核磁共振定量法以依非韦伦δ1.58～1.65处质子峰为定量峰,马来酸δ6.22处为内标峰。氟核磁共振定量法以δ-80.58处作为定量峰,4-溴-2-氟-乙酰苯胺δ-121.70作为内标峰。通过比较依非韦伦的定量峰与内标物质内标峰峰面积,计算依非韦伦的含量。测试结果显示,氢核磁共振定量法和氟核磁共振定量法的含量测定结果基本一致。因此,核磁共振法可用于依非韦伦绝对含量的测定,具有快速、准确的优势。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.