几种4-取代-L-脯氨酸衍生物的合成

以Boc-(4R)-羟基-(2S)-脯氨酸为原料,在NaH作用下与苄位溴代试剂发生醚化反应,合成了几种4-取代-L-脯氨酸类手性催化剂,即在(4R)-羟基-(2S)-脯氨酸的4-位上引入不同的苄氧基以期提高其催化活性和脂溶性,并通过1 H NMR、13 C NMR和HRMS对合成产物的结构进行表征,确定其为目标产物.实验结果还表明,当苯环上连有强的吸电子基团时反应很难进行,而当连有给电子基团时反应相对较容易进行且反应条件较温和.     

对甲氧基苯磺酰氯柱前衍生测定尿中游离羟脯氨酸与脯氨酸

以对甲氧基苯磺酰氯为衍生试剂,建立了分离测定人尿中游离羟脯氨酸和脯氨酸的高效液相色谱方法。考察了衍生温度、衍生缓冲液pH值、衍生时间、衍生剂用量对衍生反应的影响以及流动相组成、流动相缓冲液浓度、pH值和柱温对分离的影响。在优化条件下,羟脯氨酸和脯氨酸分别在5～100μmol/L和5～250μmol/L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数分别为0.999 4、0.999 5,检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.50 nmol/L和0.20 nmol/L,回收率(n=5)分别为95%～99%和96%～102%,相对标准偏差分别为2.1%～4.3%和2.0%～4.8%。该方法可用于人尿中游离羟脯氨酸和脯氨酸的定性定量分析。     

D-脯氨酸催化的(3S,4S)-4-氨基-3-羟基-5-苯基戊酸衍生物的合成

报道了一条合成(3S,4S)-4-氨基-3-羟基-5-苯基戊酸(Ahppa)衍生物的新路线。以氨基保护的L-苯丙氨酸为起始原料,依次经Weinreb胺缩合、还原、aldol缩合及溴仿4步反应合成了3个Ahppa衍生物,总收率5.8%~6.7%,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和ESI-MS确证。对反应条件进行了探讨,结果表明：催化剂D-脯氨酸用量对反应收率影响不大,对立体选择性影响较大;氨基上保护基体积较大有利于提高反应立体选择性。     

用L-脯氨酸衍生物作为手性流动相添加剂拆分对映异构体

用自制的N-十二酰基-L-脯氨酸和N-十二酰基-L-脯氨酸-3,5-二甲基苯胺两种L-脯氨酸衍生物作手性流动相添加剂,在氨丙基硅烷化硅胶柱上,用正己烷/异丙醇作流动相,对多种手性化合物进行了高效液相色谱拆分.实验结果表明用N-十二酰基-L-脯氨酸作添加剂拆分的12种手性化合物,有8种手性化合物能得到拆分,具有较好的手性选择性.虽然用N-十二酰基-L-脯氨酸-3,5-二甲基苯胺作添加剂,手性选择性也较好,但由于含有苯环,紫外吸收增强,基线波动严重.     

4-磺酰胺-L-脯氨酸衍生物的合成及其水相中不对称催化Aldol反应的性能（英文）

以4-羟基-L-脯氨酸为原料合成了4-对甲基苯磺酰胺-L-脯氨酸催化剂1a-b,通过IR,1~H NMR和HR MS对其结构进行了表征,并考察了其水相中对不对称Aldol反应的催化性能.结果表明两种催化剂在水相中均能很好的催化Aldol反应,仅用5mol%的催化剂即可得到很好的催化效果,产率高达93%,非对映选择性高达94∶6,而对映选择性高达99%.     

用L-脯氨酸衍生物作为手性流动相添加剂拆分对映异构体

用自制的N-十二酰基-L-脯氨酸和N-十二酰基-L-脯氨酸-3，5-二甲基苯胺两种L-脯氨酸衍生物作手性流动相添加剂，在氨丙基硅烷化硅胶柱上，用正己烷／异丙醇作流动相，对多种手性化合物进行了高效液相色谱拆分。实验结果表明：用N-十二酰基-L-脯氨酸作添加剂拆分的12种手性化合物，有8种手性化合物能得到拆分，具有较好的手性选择性。虽然用N-十二酰基-L-脯氨酸-3，5-二甲基苯胺作添加剂，手性选择性也较好，但由于含有苯环，紫外吸收增强，基线波动严重。     

共生真菌巴西类壳小圆孢中环二肽类代谢产物研究

利用正相和反相柱色谱,Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱及反相HPLC等方法从昆虫共生真菌Paraconiothyrium brasiliense的发酵产物中分离得到9个环二肽类化合物,经NMR,MS及理化性质等方法,结构确定为环(L-亮氨酸-L-酪氨酸)(1),环(L-色氨酸-L-脯氨酸)(2),环(L-脯氨酸-L-苯丙氨酸)(3),环(L-脯氨酸-L-酪氨酸)(4),环(L-脯氨酸-L-亮氨酸)(5),环(L-亮氨酸-反式-4-羟基-L-脯氨酸)(6),环(L-异亮氨酸-L-脯氨酸)(7),环(L-缬氨酸-L-脯氨酸)(8),环(L-亮氨酸-L-异亮氨酸)(9)。所有化合物均为首次从该属菌种中分离得到。     

类产碱假单胞菌XW-40发酵-生物转化级联产生D-脯氨酸

建立了一个新颖的用于产生D-脯氨酸的发酵-生物转化过程.发酵过程中,以DL-脯氨酸为发酵前体,类产碱假单胞菌XW-40利用L-对映体诱导产生脯氨酸脱氢酶,D-对映体完全保留.在最优条件下,发酵阶段产生6 g/L D-脯氨酸.生物转化过程中,细胞不经分离,发酵液直接作为反应介质.采用分批补料策略实现DL-脯氨酸中L-对映体的转化.DL-脯氨酸单批补料浓度为10 g/L,补料次数达到5批.通过发酵和生物转化的级联,累积的D-脯氨酸浓度达到31 g/L,ee99%.推测了生物转化过程中D-脯氨酸产生的反应机理.     

L-脯氨酸催化的不对称Aldol缩合反应实验设计

介绍了L-脯氨酸催化的对硝基苯甲醛与丙酮的不对称Aldol反应的实验设计。室温反应2 h后，柱层析得到（R）-4-（4-硝基苯基）-4-羟基-2-丁酮，利用手性高效液相色谱测试得到产物的ee值。学生实验结果显示，收率范围为53%~74%，对映选择性范围为62%~69%。本实验方案将Aldol反应的研究成果设计成综合性实验，不仅强化训练了学生基本的实验技能和操作，同时拓宽了知识面，培养了学生分析问题、解决问题等方面的综合能力。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定微生物酶法产L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺反应体系中5种物质及其样品处理方法对色谱峰的影响分析

建立了同时测定微生物酶法产L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺反应体系中5种物质(L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺、L-谷氨酰胺、L-丙氨酸甲酯、L-谷氨酸、L-丙氨酰-L-丙氨酸)的高效液相色谱分析方法。考察了样品处理中存在的发酵液、磷酸、三氯乙酸对色谱峰的影响,建立了一种对色谱峰无干扰的样品处理方法。选用邻苯二甲醛(OPA)为衍生剂,以在线衍生的方式实现了标准品或样品的柱前自动衍生。选用C18色谱柱进行分离,柱温40℃,以12.5 mmol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(88%,pH 7.4)与12%乙腈为流动相进行等度洗脱,流速为1 m L/min,在λex=338 nm,λ_(em)=450 nm下进行荧光检测,外标法定量。结果显示,该色谱条件下5种物质的测定线性范围广,相关系数均大于0.999 4。低、中、高3组加标水平下的回收率为93.5%~104.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于7%。1日内间隔2 h进行6次进样,5种物质保留时间的RSD均小于0.12%,峰面积RSD均小于1.2%。该方法操作简单,分离度与灵敏度高,定量精确,重复性好。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。